scholarly journals The Effect of Pyrrolidinium Bromide Salt in The Life of The Southern Cowpea Beetle Callosobruchus Maculatus (Fab) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012140
Author(s):  
Nagham Abdul Ghani Mohammed ◽  
Adel Ali Haidar Hassan ◽  
Mohsin Omar Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compound ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Repellent Effect ◽  
H Nmr

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy test of a chemical compound (pyrrolidinium bis - bromide salt) laboratory-prepared in the life of the southern cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus, which is one of the most important pulses stored pest. The compound N1 was prepared and the structure was proved using1H NMR, IR technique. For treating the seeds out, three concentrations from N1, 500, 1500, 3000 ppm, were prepared. The results showed that the compound outperformed the percentage of repellent (prevention of laying eggs), with the concentration of 500 ppm registered the lowest number of eggs laid, with 96.67 eggs and an repellent rate of 53.97 %, compared to 210.00 eggs. While the results showed a significant effect when the concentration increased. This caused a 66.32 % drop in first-generation personnel from the highest rate of 95.00. The higher concentration also showed the lowest productivity compared with the rest of the concentrations, at 21.05 % compared to controlling sample 45.45%, and had no significant effect on increasing the duration of the pupal stage by 7.83 days compared to 7.50 days. Compared to 7.50 days of control, it affected the increase in the 7.50-day period of the larvae stage compared to the control of 5.50 days. The 1500 ppm concentration did not affect the vitality of the seeds after being treated as they were not significantly different from control. The results also showed that not all of the compound's concentrations had a repellent effect against the southern cowpea beetle.

Use of Microwave Heating Technology for Disinfestation of Stored Green Gram (Vigna radiata) against Cowpea Bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kooner ◽  
D.K. Sharma ◽  
K.S. Suri
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Cowpea Bruchid ◽  
Heating Technology

Background: Pulses are an integral component of food in India which acts as major source of protein required for growth and maintenance of body. But during their storage they suffer heavy losses resulting in depletion of their quality and edibility. The present studies focused on disinfestation of green gram grains using microwaves as an alternative approach to chemical methods for controlling insects in grains and pulses. Methods: In this laboratory studies during 2017-18, the grains of green gram were infested with different life stages of the cowpea weevil and exposed to 200, 400, 600 and 800 W microwave power levels, each at an exposure period of 10, 20, 30 and 40 s. Result: Eggs were the most susceptible, while pupal and adults were the least susceptible life stages to microwave treatments. Complete mortality of eggs was achieved with microwave treatments (400, 600 and 800 W), each at an exposure period of 30 and 40 s. Complete inhibition of larval stage was attained with 400 and 600 W (30 and 40 s) and 800 W (20, 30 and 40 s exposure) while for pupal stage it was observed at the higher wattages of 600 (40 s exposure) and 800 (30 and 40 s exposure). Microwave wattage of 600 W for 40 sand 800 W for 30 and 40 s exposure caused 100% mortality of 2d old adults of cowpea bruchid.

scholarly journals Study effects of the some Potanical Powders on Biology of Chinese bruchid Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) s

2019 ◽  
pp. 436-449
Author(s):  
Asma O. Freewan ◽  
Halluma M. Kerra
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Repellent Effect ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Selection For

This research was conducted to study effect of the tested plant powders on the biology of the C. chinensis life using powder of Lantana camara leaves and powder of Melia azedarach leaves and fruits mixed with kidney bean seeds at different concentrations (0,1,2,3,4,5g powder/100g). Results showed that the powder of L. camara leaves was higher on reduction of the female's fertility to 33.27%. The percentage of reduction in the numbers of the first generation (F1) was 45.68%. While fertility was 48.2 and 53.5% and the percentage in reduction of the numbers of the first generation was 38.55 and 23.18% for M. azedarach leaves and fruits powder respectively. The tested plant powders have repellent effect on the adults. Repellency also achieved by L. Camara, M. azedarach fruits and leaves and reached 80, 73.3 and 66.6% respectively Chemotrophometer measure showed no differences on the repellent effect of the tested plant powders. The females when given free selection for eggs laying on seeds treated with 5g powder /100g seeds and untreated seeds they choose the untreated seeds to lay eggs. The powders found to have repellent effect on the insects preventing them from laying eggs. However, C. chinensis choosed untreated seeds for ovipostion. Callosobruchus chinensis (L) belongs to Order Coleoptera and family Chrysomelidae. a primary pest infests legume seeds.

Perhalogenated 2-pyridylporphyrin complexes: synthesis, self-coordinating aggregation properties, and catalytic studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlio S. Rebouças ◽  
Maria Eliza M. D. de Carvalho ◽  
Ynara M. Idemori
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Metal Insertion ◽  
Kinetics Of

The synthesis of 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18-octabromo-meso-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)porphyrin, H 2 Br 8 T 2 PyP , is described, including the comparison of four attempted methods for the demetallation of ZnBr 8 T 2 PyP . One of the methods represents a strategy of demetallation based on the acid-base properties of the macrocycle, the solvent-dependent kinetics of metal insertion into porphyrins and the pH -dependent solubility of the 2-pyridylporphyrin derivatives in water. Self-coordinating aggregation of ZnBr 8 T 2 PyP in non-coordinating solvents was verified by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The Mn(III)/Mn(II) redox potential for MnBr 8 T 2 PyPCl is 0.38 V higher than the reduction potential measured for its first-generation analogue, MnT 2 PyPCl . Cyclohexane hydroxylation by iodosylbenzene was performed in CH3 CN catalyzed by MnBr 8 T 2 PyPCl and MnT 2 PyPCl . MnBr 8 T 2 PyPCl was highly active, even at low concentration (5 × 10−5 M ), but perhalogenation did not account for oxidative robustness. At such a low catalyst concentration, MnT 2 PyPCl exhibited no activity as inferred by comparison to blank experiments.

scholarly journals Resistência de genótipos de feijão-caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] ao Ataque do Caruncho Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Westerllanya Rodrigues Medeiros ◽  
Jayara Dayany da Costa Silva ◽  
Paulo Roberto Ramalho Silva ◽  
José Edmir Girão Filho ◽  
Luiz Evaldo de Moura Padua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Phase Average ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Resumo. O caruncho Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) é considerado a principal praga durante o armazenamento de grãos de feijão-caupi [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.]. Devido aos prejuízos econômicos causados por este inseto, é de suma importância que se desenvolvam estudos que selecionem variedades resistentes a essa praga. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o efeito de genótipos de V. unguiculata sobre o comportamento e o desenvolvimento de C. maculatus em duas gerações consecutivas.  O trabalho foi conduzido em Laboratório com condições de temperatura e umidade relativa monitoradas, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado utilizando os genótipos BRS Epace 10, Capela, BRS Urubuquara, BRS Pajeu, Itaim, BRS Rouxinol, Pingo de ouro, BRS Corujinha, IT85 F-2687 e BR 17 Gurguéia com oito repetições. Em cada genótipo foram confinados 10 adultos de C. maculatus para que fosse realizada a oviposição. Após um período de cinco dias, os adultos foram retirados dos potes contendo os genótipos. Aguardou-se a emergência dos adultos (primeira geração) e realizou-se nova infestação nos mesmos acessos para obtenção da segunda geração. Os parâmetros avaliados foram número de ovos total, viabilidade de ovos, número de adultos emergidos, viabilidade da fase imatura, período médio de desenvolvimento e peso seco dos adultos.  O genótipo IT85 F2687 apresentou resistência do tipo não-preferência para oviposição e os genótipos BR 17 Gurguéia e BRS Urubuquara apresentaram resistência do tipo antibiose em relação à C. maculatus. O genótipo BR 17 Gurguéia foi o mais resistente dentre os genótipos estudados em relação à C. maculatus. Os genótipos Capela e Itaim foram caracterizados como suscetíveis a C. maculatus.Resistance of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] genotypes to weevil attack Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)Abstract. The Cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) is considered the main Prague during storage of grains of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Due to the economic losses caused by this insect, is of paramount importance to develop studies to select varieties resistant to this pest. In this study assessed the effect of genotypes of V. unguiculata about the behavior and the development of C. maculatus in two consecutive generations. The study was conducted in laboratory with conditions of temperature and relative humidity monitored, in completely randomized design using BRS Epace 10, Capela, BRS Urubuquara, BRS Pajeu, Itaim, BRS Rouxinol, Pingo de ouro, BRS Corujinha, IT85 F-2687 and BR 17 Gurguéia genotypes with eight repetitions. In each genotype were confined 10 adults of c. maculatus for it was held the oviposition. After a period of five days, the adults were removed from the pots containing the genotypes. Waited-if the emergence of adults (first generation) and new infestation was held in the same access to obtain the second generation. The parameters evaluated were number of eggs, egg viability, total number of adults emergency, viability of immature phase, average period of development and dry weight of adults. IT85 F2687 genotype presented resistance of non-preference for oviposition and the genotypes BR 17 Gurguéia and BRS Urubuquara presented antibiose type resistance in relation to C. maculatus. BR 17 Gurguéia genotype was the strongest among the genotypes studied in relation to c. maculatus. The genotypes Capela and Itaim were characterized as susceptible to C. maculatus.</p

scholarly journals The effectiveness of soursop seed (Annona muricata L.) agains Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Rama Ginanjar Gilang ◽  
Nenet Susniahti ◽  
Danar Dono
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Random Design ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Plant Pest

Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) one of the main pests that cause damage to mung beans in storage areas. This research was conducted to determine the effective dose from soursop seed (Annona muricata) powder resulting mortality and emphasizing the amount of imago on the first-generation C. Maculatus. This research was conducted at Plant Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor using experimental method of Complete Random Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were tested using 5 doses of A. muricata seed powder with 1 grams, 3 grams, 5 grams, 7 grams, and 9 grams doses, and added with control or without treatment. The results showed that the dose of 5 grams A. muricata seed powder showed the mortality of C. maculatus  by 94% at 8 days after infestation, emphasizing the amount of eggs which is placed  C. maculatus of mungbean seed 77,64%. Emphasis on the emergence of the first generation of imago in the mung bean seeds is 74.67%. The lowest of loss weight mung beed seed amount 1,33%.Keywords: Annona muricata, Callosobruchus maculatus, Soursop Seed Powder, Mortality

A diurnal Rhythm in the Emergence of Pegomyia Betae Curtis from the Puparium

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Dunning
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Light Fluctuation ◽  
Suggested Explanation

There is a clear diurnal rhythm in the emergence of the Beet Fly, Pegomyia betae (Curt.), from the soil, peak emergence occurring daily between 06. and 07. hr., when the soil temperature at a depth of 2 in. and the air temperature are at about their minimum, or are just beginning to rise, and humidity is at its maximum. In two observations on the emergence of the first generation, 82·2 and 85·6 per cent, of the daily emergence occurred before 08. hr., whilst in two observations on the emergence of the adults of the non-diapausing part of the second generation, 79·1 and 76·3 per cent, of the daily emergence occurred before 08. hr.During the period of emergence of flies from a batch of puparia, the rhythm was most marked at the time of peak emergence, and was less marked at the beginning and end of the emergence period.The rhythm of emergence was much less pronounced, and the peak occurred later in the day, when puparia were kept at constant temperature from two days before the first flies emerged.Experiments led to the conclusion that the fly reaches the soil surface within one hour of leaving the puparium at a depth of 2 in. in soil, and that the processes of wing expansion and cuticle tanning are probably controlled by a nervous mechanism.The possible initiators of the diurnal rhythm are discussed. It is concluded that the results obtained could be explained by the suggestion that the rhythm is induced by the effect of temperature or light fluctuation at some time before the late pupal stage, or that it might be inborn in the species, and that it is further regulated by temperature variation at the time of emergence. Further work will be necessary before the suggested explanation can be shown to be valid or otherwise.

Bioengineering of poly(β-hydroxyalkanoates) for advanced material applications: incorporation of cyano and nitrophenoxy side chain substituents

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (13) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohyoung Kim ◽  
Richard A. Gross ◽  
Denise R. Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Pseudomonas Oleovorans ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Polymer Formation ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Applications

Novel functional poly(β-hydroxyalkanoates), PHAs, with hyperpolarizable side groups were prepared. Pseudomonas oleovorans ATCC 29347 and Pseudomonas putida KT 2442 were selected as biocatalysts. These organisms were first grown on citrate (40 mM) before polymer formation was studied in a second stage. The carbon sources in second-stage cultivations were mixtures (total of 15 mM) of octanoate (OA) with either 7.5 or 10 mM para-cyanophenoxyhexanoate (CPH), para-cyanophenoxyvalerate (CPV), para-cyanophenoxybutyrate (CPB), or para-nitrophenoxyhexanoate (NPH). For both organisms, only small deviations in the number of colony-forming units per millilitre were observed when second-stage cultivations containing only 15 mM octanoate were compared with those using mixtures of OA with either CPB, CPV, CPH, or NPH. PHA volumetric yields as a function of organism, carbon source mixture, and culture time are reported. The percent incorporations of substituted phenoxy side groups in the polymer products were determined by1H NMR spectroscopy. Pseudomonas putida formed PHAs with up to 24.2% 3-hydroxy-6-(para-cyanophenoxy)hexanoate side groups when 5 mM OA and 10 mM CPH were used. A dramatic decrease in the percent incorporation of para-cyanophenoxy (CP) by P. putida was observed when the relatively shorter CP-substituted n-alkanoate chain CPV and CPB cosubstrates were used. Use of NPH in place of CPH had deleterious effects on both polymer formation and percent incorporation of substituted phenoxy side groups in P. putida. Pseudomonas oleovorans formed PHAs with only up to ~2% CP side chains when a combination of OA and CPH was used and little to no CP side groups when a combination of OA and CPV or CPB was used. Substitution of NPH in place of CPH led to a modest increase (up to ~5%) in substituted phenoxy side groups. Thus, a new route to first-generation chiral polymer structures for nonlinear optical applications was demonstrated.Key words: Pseudomonas oleovorans, Pseudomonas putida, poly(β-hydroxyalkanoate), poly(3-hydroxy-6-para-cyanophenoxyhexanoate), poly(3-hydroxy-6-para-nitrophenoxyhexanoate), poly(β-hydroxy-para-cyanophenoxyvalerate).

scholarly journals Toxicity of the essential oil of basil cultivars and hybrids and its repellent effect on stored grain pests

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Santos da Costa ◽  
Maria Fátima de Arrigoni-BlanK ◽  
Leandro Bacci ◽  
Arie Fitzgerald Blank ◽  
Péricles Barreto Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Repellent Effect ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Methyl Cinnamate ◽  
Stored Grain Pests

Essential oils have emerged as an alternative to synthetic insecticides in the control of stored grain pests. The toxicity and repellency of the essential oils of four basil cultivars and three basil hybrids and the monoterpenes linalool, citral, and (E)-methyl cinnamate were evaluated in the stored grain pests Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophillus zeamais. The essential oils of the cultivar Genovese and the hybrid 'Genovese' x 'Maria Bonita' were more toxic to C. maculatus. Conversely, the essential oils of the cultivar Sweet Dani and the hybrid 'Cinnamom' x 'Maria Bonita' were more toxic to S. zeamais. Among the monoterpenes, (E)-methyl cinnamate was the most toxic to both pests, taking 0.14 and 0.34 µL.mL-1 to kill 50% of the C. maculatus and S. zeamais populations, respectively. All essential oils from cultivars, hybrids, and monoterpenes were repellent to S. zeamais, except for (E)-methyl cinnamate. For C. maculatus, this effect was lower, being citral the most repellent compound. Results demonstrate the insecticidal potential of the essential oil of O. basilicum and its monoterpenes in the control of stored grain pests.

The early development of antenna and antennal sensilla in the noctuid moth, Agrotis segetum (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
Eric Hallberg ◽  
Lina Hansén
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Agrotis Segetum ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
Standard Procedures

The antennal rudiments in lepidopterous insects are present as disks during the larval stage. The tubular double-walled antennal disk is present beneath the larval antenna, and its inner layer gives rise to the adult antenna during the pupal stage. The sensilla develop from a cluster of cells that are derived from one stem cell, which gives rise to both sensory and enveloping cells. During the morphogenesis of the sensillum these cells undergo major transformations, including cell death. In the moth Agrotis segetum the pupal stage lasts about 14 days (temperature, 25°C). The antennae, clearly seen from the exterior, were dissected and fixed according to standard procedures (3 % glutaraldehyde in 0.15 M cacaodylate buffer, followed by 1 % osmiumtetroxide in the same buffer). Pupae from day 1 to day 8, of both sexes were studied.

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