scholarly journals Potential of papaya seeds as a heterogenous catalyst in biodiesel synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012022
Author(s):  
Iriany ◽  
Taslim ◽  
O Bani ◽  
H L M Purba
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Catalyst Precursor ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Heterogenous Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Production ◽  
Papaya Seeds ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Papaya Seed ◽  
Catalyst Load

Abstract A biomass based low-cost catalyst production has been attempted. This study evaluated papaya seeds as the catalyst precursor for biodiesel synthesis. Dried papaya seed powder was calcined at 500°C for 3 hours to produce papaya seed ash. Then, papaya seed ash was applied as catalyst for transesterification of palm oil and methanol. Catalyst load and reaction time was varied. Papaya seed ash was analyzed by SEM-EDX and biodiesel physical properties was analyzed according to the European standards (EN 14214). SEM-EDX results indicated that papaya seed ash contains a number of minerals such as K2O, MgO and CaO which can function as catalysts in biodiesel synthesis. The produced biodiesel also met European standards. Highest biodiesel yield of 95.6% was obtained for reaction temperature of 60°C, reaction time of 2 hours, catalyst load of 2%, methanol to oil ratio of 12:1. Preliminary research revealed that PSA may be applied as a catalyst in biodiesel synthesis.

scholarly journals Preparation of activated carbon-based catalyst from nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) shell modified with KOH for biodiesel synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012094
Author(s):  
Taslim ◽  
Iriany ◽  
O Bani ◽  
E Audina ◽  
R Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Nipa Palm ◽  
Catalyst Load ◽  
Carbon Based

Abstract An attempt to synthesize a low-cost carbon-based heterogeneous catalyst from biomass has been explored. The focus of this research was investigating the carbon-based catalyst from nipa palm shell modified with KOH in biodiesel synthesis. Dry nipa palm shell powder was carbonized at 300°C for 1 h to produce carbon. The carbon was then modified by impregnation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. The carbon and modified carbon were analyzed by SEM-EDX. The modified carbon was applied as a heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification of palm oil and methanol. Transesterification was carried out at 60°C and stirred at 300 rpm. Reaction time and catalyst load was observed. Highest biodiesel yield of 95.5% was obtained at 2 h reaction time, 3% catalyst load, and methanol to oil ratio of 12:1. This preliminary study confirmed that KOH-modified carbon may act as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel synthesis.

scholarly journals PROSES EKSTRAKSI MINYAK DARI BIJI PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT n-HEKSANA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Azhari Azhari ◽  
Nilva Mutia ◽  
Ishak Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Type Analysis ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
Papaya Seeds ◽  
Papaya Seed

Papaya is the most beneficial fruit for human health. In addition to the fruit that can be consumed, it turns out papaya seeds can also be used. In addition to the seeds used to be planted as well as only being waste, oil can also be obtained from papaya seeds. One method for obtaining papaya seed oil is a method of extracting heat (requires installation in the process), in general the notion of reflux is extraction with a solvent at its boiling temperature point, for a certain time and the amount of solvent adjusted to air temperature. In this research, papaya seed extraction was carried out, percent yield analysis was carried out, and heavy type analysis of papaya seed oil extraction was carried out. The purpose of this study was to study the variation in extraction time of papaya seeds with solvents on the yield of oil produced. This research was carried out by reacting papaya seeds with hexane solvents at 65 ℃. Where the weight of papaya seeds is 50 gr, and the volume of solvents varied by 300 ml, 400 ml, and 500 ml and the reaction time is 120 minutes, 150 minutes, and 180 minutes. The results showed that the largest papaya seed oil was 34.2% at a volume of 500 ml solvent for 180 minutes and a high density of 0.87 gr / ml at a volume of 500 ml solvent for 180 minutes.Keywords: Extraction, hexane, papaya seed oil, reflux

Visible Light Assisted Hantzsch Reaction: Synthesis of Polycyclic Dihydropyridines

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 676-682
Author(s):  
Ankusab Noorahmadsab Nadaf ◽  
Kalegowda Shivashankar
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Short Reaction Time ◽  
Green Protocol ◽  
Dihydropyridine Derivatives

The polycyclic dihydropyridine nucleus represents the heterocyclic system of invaluable core motifs with wide applications in chemical, biological and physical properties. Although this kind of compounds have been extensively synthesized by other groups, the synthesis of these compounds under CFL light intensity were not explored. The synthesis of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives were achieved through the reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin, aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate under CFL light irradiation conditions. A series of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives were prepared under CFL light irradiation conditions with high yield, short reaction time, ambient condition and without the use of catalyst. The results displayed an efficient method for the synthesis of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives. Clean profile, short reaction time, low cost and use of CFL light intensity instead of catalyst making it a genuinely green protocol.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of High-Efficiency Magnetic Heavy Metal Capture Flocculants

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1732
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Yu ◽  
Yongjun Sun ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Aowen Chen ◽  
Kinjal J. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Response Surface Optimization ◽  
Metal Capture ◽  
Total Monomer Concentration

In this study, a high-efficiency magnetic heavy metal flocculant MF@AA was prepared based on carboxymethyl chitosan and magnetic Fe3O4. It was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XPS, XRD and VSM, and the Cu(II) removal rate was used as the evaluation basis for the preparation process. The effects of AMPS content, total monomer concentration, photoinitiator concentration and reaction time on the performance of MF@AA flocculation to remove Cu(II) were studied. The characterization results show that MF@AA has been successfully prepared and exhibits good magnetic induction characteristics. The synthesis results show that under the conditions of 10% AMPS content, 35% total monomer concentration, 0.04% photoinitiator concentration, and 1.5 h reaction time, the best yield of MF@AA is 77.69%. The best removal rate is 87.65%. In addition, the response surface optimization of the synthesis process of MF@AA was performed. The optimal synthesis ratio was finally determined as iron content 6.5%, CMFS: 29.5%, AM: 53.9%, AMPS: 10.1%. High-efficiency magnetic heavy metal flocculant MF@AA shows excellent flocculation performance in removing Cu(II). This research provides guidance and ideas for the development of efficient and low-cost flocculation technology to remove Cu(II) in wastewater.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Tepung Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya) Terhadap Respons Pertumbuhan dan Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Aprelia Martina Tomasoa ◽  
Deidy Azhari
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Papaya Seeds ◽  
Papaya Seed

Laju pertumbuhan dan tingkat reproduksi yang tinggi merupakan karakteristik unggul yang dimiliki ikan nila sebagai komoditi budidaya. Tingkat reproduksi yang tinggi menyebabkan terjadinya pematangan gonad sebelum mencapai ukuran produksi dimana hal tersebut dapat merugikan pembudidaya, karena saat ikan mengalami matang gonad energi hasil asimilasi pakan sebagain besar akan dialokasikan untuk perkembangan gonad dan menghambat pertumbuhan somatik. Pemanfaatan senyawa aktif dari bahan alami biji pepaya dapat menjadi solusi untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ikan yang dibudidayakan sekaligus menjaga keamanan pangan dan konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan tepung biji pepaya terhadap respons pertumbuhan dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan nila. Ikan nila diberi perlakuan dengan lima dosis tepung biji pepaya berbeda (0, 1, 3, 5 dan 7 g/kg pakan) secara oral berdasarkan feeding rate 5% dengan tiga ulangan selama 30 hari pemeliharaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dosis 5 g/kg meningkatkan pertumbuhan bobot tubuh tertinggi sebesar 547 g dibandingkan kontrol sebesar 406 g. Sejalan dengan pertumbuhan bobot tubuh, dosis 5 g/kg menghasilkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan nila sebesar 100% dibandingkan kontrol sebesar 66%. Dari hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa tepung biji pepaya dengan dosis 5 g/kg pakan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan nila selama 30 hariHigh growth rate and high reproductive cycle are some economical triats on nile tilapia. This is a setback for nile tilapia culture because when the fish reach gonad maturity before reach market size, all the energy demand will flow to reproduction and can cause stunt growth. The utilization of natural compound from papaya seeds can be a solution to enhance growth of farmed nile tilapia and for consumer and food safety. This research aim to know how papaya seed powder can enhance growth and survival rate of nile tilapia. This research conducted into five groups of 5 papaya seeds powder dosage (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 g/kg) that feed orally to the treatment fishes. Result showed the fishes feed with 5 g/kg papaya seed experienced highest growth performance 547 g compare to control which is 406 g. Same as growth performance, survival rate shown that group feed with 5 g/kg papaya seed had 100% survival rate compare with control which is 66% during treatment periods. Base on this result, we can make conclusion that fish feed with 5 g/kg of papaya seed have a better growth performance and survival rate compare with control group for 30 days treatment periods

scholarly journals Optimization and Mathematical Modeling of Biodiesel Production using Homogenous Catalyst from Waste Cooking Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1733-1739
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Homogenous Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Load

In the present investigation, the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) to biodiesel over homogenous catalyst KOH have been carried out. To optimize the transesterification process variables both response surface method (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) mathematical models were applied to study the impact of process variables temperature, catalyst loading, methanol to oil ratio and the reaction time on biodiesel yield. The experiments were planned with a central composite design matrix using 24 factorial designs. A performance validation assessment was conducted between RSM and ANN. ANN models showed a high precision prediction competence in terms of coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9995), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE = 0.5702), Standard Predicted Deviation (SEP = 0.0133), Absolute Average Deviation (AAD = 0.0115) compared to RSM model. The concentration of catalyst load was identified as the most significant factor for the base catalyzed transesterification. Under optimum conditions, the maximum biodiesel yield of 88.3% was determined by the artificial neural network model at 60 ºC, 1.05 g catalyst load, 7:1 methanol to oil ratio and 90 min transesterification reaction time. The biodiesel was analyzed by GCMS and it showed the presence of hexadecanoic acid, 9- octadecenoic acid, 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, eicosenoic acid, methyl 18-methyl-nonadecanoate, docosanoic acid, and tetracosanoic acid as key fatty acid methyl esters.

scholarly journals Anealisis Uji Pendahuluan Aktivitas Antikanker Ekstrak Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya L) dengan Metode BSLT

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Ninik Mas Ulfa ◽  
Galuh Gondo Kusumo ◽  
Ilil Maidatuz Zulfa
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Papaya Seeds ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
Papaya Seed

ABSTRAKTumbuhan pepaya (carica papaya L) merupakan tumbuhan tropis yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia. Tumbuhan ini mempunyai banyak manfaatnya mulai dari buah, biji, hingga daunnya. Penelitian pendahuluan menyebutkan buah pepaya mengandung alkaloid dan flavonoid yang berkhasiat sebagai antikanker. Senyawa BenzylIsothiocyanat diketahui banyak terdapat pada biji dan buah pepaya yang sudah matang. Kandungan BenzylIsothiocyanat mempunyai khasiat sebagai antikanker. Pemanfaatan limbah biji pepaya pada penelitian ini untuk membuktikan aktivitas Benzyl-Isothiacyanat yang berkhasiat sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pendahuluan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antikanker dari Ekstrak kental biji pepaya dengan menggunakan metode BSLT. Konsentrasi ekstrak kentak yang digunakan yaitu 100 ppm, 200 ppm dan 300 ppm masing-masing diujikan pada 10 larva udang dalam air laut. Diperoleh hasil rata-rata kematian pada konsentrasi 100 ppm adalah 4,3, 200 ppm adalah 5,3 dan 300 ppm adalah 6,7. Hasil regresi linearitas menunjukkan aktivitas antikaker pada uji BSLT dari Ekstrak kental biji pepaya dengan LC50 sebesar 163,89 ppm. Dengan demikian ekstrak kental biji pepaya tersebut berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan antikanker alamiKata kunci: Aktivitas antikanker, Carica papaya, metode BSLT.ABSTRACTPapaya plant (carica papaya L) is a tropical plant that is widely found in Indonesian. This plant has many benefits ranging from fruit, seeds, to leaves. Preliminary research says papaya fruit contains alkaloids andflavonoids which are efficacious as anticancer. Benzyl-Isothiocyanat compounds are known to be widely found in ripe papaya seeds and fruit. The content of Benzyl-Isothiocyanat has properties as an anticancer. The use of papaya seed waste in this study is to prove the activity of Benzyl-Isothiacyanat which is efficacious as an anticancer. This research is a preliminary study to analyze the anticancer activity of thick papaya seeds using the BSLT method. The concentrations of used fart extracts were 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm each tested on 10 shrimp larvae in seawater. The results of the average mortality at concentrations of 100 ppm were 4.3, 200 ppm were 5.3 and 300 ppm was 6.7. The linearity regression results showed the anticaker activity in the BSLT test from the thick extract of papaya seeds with LC50 of 163.89 ppm. Thus the thick extract of papaya seeds has the potential to be developed as a natural anticancer material.Key Words : Anticancer activity, BSLT method, Carica papaya.

scholarly journals Methanolysis of Carica papaya Seed Oil for Production of Biodiesel

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foluso O. Agunbiade ◽  
Tolulope A. Adewole
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Copper Strip ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Carica Papaya Seed ◽  
Papaya Seed

The future of fossil fuel sources of energy has necessitated the need to search for renewable alternatives. Thus, Carica papaya seed oil (CPSO) was employed as feedstock for the production of biodiesel by methanolysis. The seed was obtained locally, dried, and extracted with n-hexane. The CPSO was analyzed for specific gravity, viscosity, iodine value, and saponification value, among others using standard methods. The oil was transesterified by two-stage catalysis with oil to methanol mole ratio of 1 : 9. The biodiesel produced was subjected to standard fuel tests. The seed has an oil yield of 31.2% which is commercially viable. The kinematic viscosity of the oil at 313 K was 27.4 mm2s−1 while that of Carica papaya oil methylester (CPOME) was reduced to 3.57 mm2s−1 and the specific gravity was 0.84 comparable with other seed-oil biodiesels and number 2 diesel. Other oil properties were compared favourably with seed oils already documented for biodiesel synthesis. CPOME’s cloud and pour points were 275 K and 274 K, respectively, and relatively higher than other biodiesels and number 2 diesel. CPOME exhibits moderate corrosion of copper strip. The methanolysis improved the fuel properties of the CPOME similar to other biodiesels. CPSO therefore exhibits a potential for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals An Efficient and Green Synthesis of Fluorine Containing Benzo[a]xanthen-11(12H)-ones and Evaluation of their Anticancer Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-929
Author(s):  
J. Sumalatha ◽  
A. Sreedevi ◽  
C. Radha Rani
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Efficient Procedure ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
One Pot Condensation

A facile and an efficient procedure has been developed by one-pot condensation of naphthalene-diols, fluoro substituted benzaldehydes and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds for the synthesis of fluorine containing benzo[a]xanthen-11(12H)-ones under the catalyst and solvent-free conditions. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR (1H & 13C) and mass spectrometry. Several advantages offer the present approach, such as, shorter reaction time, low cost, anticipation of toxic solvents and catalyst, higher yield of products and durability of substrate range. On the other hand, anticancer activity was also performed for the title compounds which demonstrated a significant activity on selected cancer cell lines.

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