scholarly journals Preparation of activated carbon-based catalyst from nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) shell modified with KOH for biodiesel synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012094
Author(s):  
Taslim ◽  
Iriany ◽  
O Bani ◽  
E Audina ◽  
R Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Nipa Palm ◽  
Catalyst Load ◽  
Carbon Based

Abstract An attempt to synthesize a low-cost carbon-based heterogeneous catalyst from biomass has been explored. The focus of this research was investigating the carbon-based catalyst from nipa palm shell modified with KOH in biodiesel synthesis. Dry nipa palm shell powder was carbonized at 300°C for 1 h to produce carbon. The carbon was then modified by impregnation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. The carbon and modified carbon were analyzed by SEM-EDX. The modified carbon was applied as a heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification of palm oil and methanol. Transesterification was carried out at 60°C and stirred at 300 rpm. Reaction time and catalyst load was observed. Highest biodiesel yield of 95.5% was obtained at 2 h reaction time, 3% catalyst load, and methanol to oil ratio of 12:1. This preliminary study confirmed that KOH-modified carbon may act as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel synthesis.

scholarly journals Potential of papaya seeds as a heterogenous catalyst in biodiesel synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012022
Author(s):  
Iriany ◽  
Taslim ◽  
O Bani ◽  
H L M Purba
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Catalyst Precursor ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Heterogenous Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Production ◽  
Papaya Seeds ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Papaya Seed ◽  
Catalyst Load

Abstract A biomass based low-cost catalyst production has been attempted. This study evaluated papaya seeds as the catalyst precursor for biodiesel synthesis. Dried papaya seed powder was calcined at 500°C for 3 hours to produce papaya seed ash. Then, papaya seed ash was applied as catalyst for transesterification of palm oil and methanol. Catalyst load and reaction time was varied. Papaya seed ash was analyzed by SEM-EDX and biodiesel physical properties was analyzed according to the European standards (EN 14214). SEM-EDX results indicated that papaya seed ash contains a number of minerals such as K2O, MgO and CaO which can function as catalysts in biodiesel synthesis. The produced biodiesel also met European standards. Highest biodiesel yield of 95.6% was obtained for reaction temperature of 60°C, reaction time of 2 hours, catalyst load of 2%, methanol to oil ratio of 12:1. Preliminary research revealed that PSA may be applied as a catalyst in biodiesel synthesis.

scholarly journals Optimization of Biodiesel Synthesis using Heterogeneous Catalyst (SiO2) from Karanja Oil by Taguchi Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5597-5600 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Speed Effect ◽  
Karanja Oil

Biodiesel is renewable and environmental friendly fuel which has the capable to gain comparable engine performance. In this experimental study, Karanja oil synthesized by using Transesterification process. Transesterification of Karanja oil to biodiesel using SiO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst is studied using five different parameters and levels each. Minitab is used to fix the orthogonal arrays and Taguchi method is used to analyze the interaction effect for the transesterification reaction. The five different parameters responsible for biodiesel yield are molar ratio of methanol to oil, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and stirring speed. Effect of these parameters has studied on small scale. The biodiesel yield obtained experimentally at optimum conditions are 20% methanol to oil molar ratio, 3% SiO2 catalyst addition, 65ºC reaction temperature, 180 min reaction time and 500 rpm stirring speed is 77%.

Visible Light Assisted Hantzsch Reaction: Synthesis of Polycyclic Dihydropyridines

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 676-682
Author(s):  
Ankusab Noorahmadsab Nadaf ◽  
Kalegowda Shivashankar
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Short Reaction Time ◽  
Green Protocol ◽  
Dihydropyridine Derivatives

The polycyclic dihydropyridine nucleus represents the heterocyclic system of invaluable core motifs with wide applications in chemical, biological and physical properties. Although this kind of compounds have been extensively synthesized by other groups, the synthesis of these compounds under CFL light intensity were not explored. The synthesis of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives were achieved through the reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin, aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate under CFL light irradiation conditions. A series of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives were prepared under CFL light irradiation conditions with high yield, short reaction time, ambient condition and without the use of catalyst. The results displayed an efficient method for the synthesis of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives. Clean profile, short reaction time, low cost and use of CFL light intensity instead of catalyst making it a genuinely green protocol.

scholarly journals Defect and Doping Co-Engineered Non-Metal Nanocarbon ORR Electrocatalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
Feng He ◽  
Yijun Chen ◽  
Jiawei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Defect Engineering ◽  
Heteroatom Doping ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Earth Abundant ◽  
Induced Defects ◽  
Carbon Based

AbstractExploring low-cost and earth-abundant oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst is essential for fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Among them, non-metal nanocarbon with multiple advantages of low cost, abundance, high conductivity, good durability, and competitive activity has attracted intense interest in recent years. The enhanced ORR activities of the nanocarbons are normally thought to originate from heteroatom (e.g., N, B, P, or S) doping or various induced defects. However, in practice, carbon-based materials usually contain both dopants and defects. In this regard, in terms of the co-engineering of heteroatom doping and defect inducing, we present an overview of recent advances in developing non-metal carbon-based electrocatalysts for the ORR. The characteristics, ORR performance, and the related mechanism of these functionalized nanocarbons by heteroatom doping, defect inducing, and in particular their synergistic promotion effect are emphatically analyzed and discussed. Finally, the current issues and perspectives in developing carbon-based electrocatalysts from both of heteroatom doping and defect engineering are proposed. This review will be beneficial for the rational design and manufacturing of highly efficient carbon-based materials for electrocatalysis.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of High-Efficiency Magnetic Heavy Metal Capture Flocculants

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1732
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Yu ◽  
Yongjun Sun ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Aowen Chen ◽  
Kinjal J. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Response Surface Optimization ◽  
Metal Capture ◽  
Total Monomer Concentration

In this study, a high-efficiency magnetic heavy metal flocculant MF@AA was prepared based on carboxymethyl chitosan and magnetic Fe3O4. It was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XPS, XRD and VSM, and the Cu(II) removal rate was used as the evaluation basis for the preparation process. The effects of AMPS content, total monomer concentration, photoinitiator concentration and reaction time on the performance of MF@AA flocculation to remove Cu(II) were studied. The characterization results show that MF@AA has been successfully prepared and exhibits good magnetic induction characteristics. The synthesis results show that under the conditions of 10% AMPS content, 35% total monomer concentration, 0.04% photoinitiator concentration, and 1.5 h reaction time, the best yield of MF@AA is 77.69%. The best removal rate is 87.65%. In addition, the response surface optimization of the synthesis process of MF@AA was performed. The optimal synthesis ratio was finally determined as iron content 6.5%, CMFS: 29.5%, AM: 53.9%, AMPS: 10.1%. High-efficiency magnetic heavy metal flocculant MF@AA shows excellent flocculation performance in removing Cu(II). This research provides guidance and ideas for the development of efficient and low-cost flocculation technology to remove Cu(II) in wastewater.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Determination with the Use of Carbon-Based Electrodes

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi ◽  
Aneta Pop ◽  
Florin Iordache ◽  
Loredana Stanca ◽  
Liviu Bilteanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Chain Breaking ◽  
Nanomolar Range ◽  
Quench Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Carbon Based

Antioxidants are compounds that prevent or delay the oxidation process, acting at a much smaller concentration, in comparison to that of the preserved substrate. Primary antioxidants act as scavenging or chain breaking antioxidants, delaying initiation or interrupting propagation step. Secondary antioxidants quench singlet oxygen, decompose peroxides in non-radical species, chelate prooxidative metal ions, inhibit oxidative enzymes. Based on antioxidants’ reactivity, four lines of defense have been described: Preventative antioxidants, radical scavengers, repair antioxidants, and antioxidants relying on adaptation mechanisms. Carbon-based electrodes are largely employed in electroanalysis given their special features, that encompass large surface area, high electroconductivity, chemical stability, nanostructuring possibilities, facility of manufacturing at low cost, and easiness of surface modification. Largely employed methods encompass voltammetry, amperometry, biamperometry and potentiometry. Determination of key endogenous and exogenous individual antioxidants, as well as of antioxidant activity and its main contributors relied on unmodified or modified carbon electrodes, whose analytical parameters are detailed. Recent advances based on modifications with carbon-nanotubes or the use of hybrid nanocomposite materials are described. Large effective surface area, increased mass transport, electrocatalytical effects, improved sensitivity, and low detection limits in the nanomolar range were reported, with applications validated in complex media such as foodstuffs and biological samples.

Acai seed ash as a novel basic heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis: Optimization of the biodiesel production process

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 120887
Author(s):  
Erica Karine Lourenço Mares ◽  
Matheus Arrais Gonçalves ◽  
Patrícia Teresa Souza da Luz ◽  
Geraldo Narciso da Rocha Filho ◽  
José Roberto Zamian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Study on Particleboard made from Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) stem wood and Rajkoroi (Albizia richardiana) wood

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Md. Mahabubur Rahaman ◽  
◽  
Khurshid Akhter ◽  
S. Hossain ◽  
Md. Rakibul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Standard Specification ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Albizia Richardiana ◽  
Nipa Palm

The study was conducted to find out the suitability of making particleboard using nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) stem wood and rajkoroi (Albizia richardiana) wood chips. Particleboards were fabricated at six different ratios of nipa palm stem and rajkoroi wood chips such as 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 10:90 and 0:100. Characteristics of particleboards such as modulus of rupture, internal bond strength, water absorption, thickness swelling and moisture content were measured. Results shows that particleboards made from 100% rajkoroi wood chips have the highest static bending properties and highest tensile strength properties of other particleboards but 100% nipa palm stem wood chips have the lowest static bending and lowest tensile strength properties of other particleboards. 10% nipa palm stem wood chips particleboard have the highest bending strength and tensile strength is better than 100% nipa palm stem wood chips and other mixing chips of particleboards. Mechanical, water resistance and dimensional stability properties were tested according to Indian standard specification. Tensile strength passed the British and German standard specification and nearest to Bureau of Indian Standard, bending strength was found nearest to Indian Standard but lower than German and British Standard specification. Strength property of rajkoroi wood chips particleboard is higher than nipa palm steam wood chips particleboard but dimensional stability is lower than nipa palm steam wood chips particleboard.

Fabrication of low cost and scalable carbon-based conductive ink for E-textile applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashedul Islam ◽  
Nipa Khair ◽  
Dewan Murshed Ahmed ◽  
Hasan Shahariar
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Conductive Ink ◽  
Carbon Based
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