scholarly journals Multi-response optimization of cellulose fiber isolation from tapioca solid waste and its characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
I W Arnata ◽  
B A Harsojuwono ◽  
A Hartiati ◽  
I B W Gunam ◽  
A A M D Anggreni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Process Temperature ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Crystallinity Degree ◽  
Response Characteristics

Abstract The tapioca-based starch industry produces solid waste in abundance that has not been used optimally, especially the cellulose fraction. This study aimed to optimize the H2O2 concentration and the process temperature of cellulose fiber isolation from tapioca solid waste. Statistical regression modeling and optimization of H2O2 concentration and process temperature using the response surface methodology. A central composite design (CCD) was applied for experimental design and analysis of the effect of H2O2 concentration and process temperature on multi-response characteristics of cellulose, consisting of whiteness index (WI), yield, and α-cellulose content. Cellulose fibers were characterized, including surface morphology, crystallinity degree, and thermal stability. The results showed that the H2O2 concentration and process temperature were significantly affected by WI, yield, and α-cellulose content. The maximum WI, yield, and α-cellulose content were 63.99%, 65.73% (w/w), and 78.31% (w/w), respectively, obtained from H2O2 concentration of 22.62% (v/v) and process temperature of 93.51ºC. This cellulose has a relatively coarse fiber formation, with a high degree of crystallinity and thermal stability. Thus, cellulose from TSW might have a potential to be applied in broader fields.

Analysis of Sound Reduction and Strong Drag Composite Concrete Fibers Gedebok Banana Results Delignification with Sodium Hydroxide Solvent (Naoh)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rouf Suprayogi ◽  
Annisa Mufida ◽  
Edwin Azwar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulose Powder ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Sound Reduction

In composite science, desirable materials that are lighter but have the power and quality that can match or even exceed the material that has been there before. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cellulose fiber addition from banana gedebok to tensile strength, compressive strength and damping of concrete composite sound. To achieve this objective, mixing of cellulose fibers with K-275 quality concrete mix with variation of 0% and 5% substitution in which the cellulose is varied in powder and wicker form. Delignification of lignin content from banana gedebok was done by soaking and drying method without any variation and yielding powder having cellulose content of 13,0388%, hemicellulose 18,2796% and lignin 0,6684%. This study produces concrete composites that have a tensile strength and a compressive strength lower than that of normal concrete. Normally reinforced concrete tensile strength value 94.5 kg / cm2, 71.4 kg / cm2 cellulose powder concrete and 90.3 kg / cm2 cellulose woven concrete. Normal concrete compressive strength value 334,22 kg / cm2, cellulose powder concrete 215,7 kg / cm2, and cellulose webbing concrete 157,98 kg / cm2. As for the power damping sound of cellulose webbing concrete has the highest damping power compared to other concrete with the absorbed sound intensity that is 52-68 dB

scholarly journals Chemical and Structural Characterization of Maize Stover Fractions in Aspect of Its Possible Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Magdalena Woźniak ◽  
Izabela Ratajczak ◽  
Dawid Wojcieszak ◽  
Agnieszka Waśkiewicz ◽  
Kinga Szentner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Maize Stover

In the last decade, an increasingly common method of maize stover management is to use it for energy generation, including anaerobic digestion for biogas production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a chemical and structural characterization of maize stover fractions and, based on these parameters, to evaluate the potential application of these fractions, including forbiogas production. In the study, maize stover fractions, including cobs, husks, leaves and stalks, were used. The biomass samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction and analysis of elemental composition. Among all maize stover fractions, stalks showed the highest C:N ratio, degree of crystallinity and cellulose and lignin contents. The high crystallinity index of stalks (38%) is associated with their high cellulose content (44.87%). FTIR analysis showed that the spectrum of maize stalks is characterized by the highest intensity of bands at 1512 cm−1 and 1384 cm−1, which are the characteristic bands of lignin and cellulose. Obtained results indicate that the maize stover fraction has an influence on the chemical and structural parameters. Moreover, presented results indicate that stalks are characterized by the most favorable chemical parameters for biogas production.

TENSILE STRENGTH OF SINGLE CONTINUOUS FIBER EXTRACTED FROM MENGKUANG LEAVES

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syahmi Hamizol ◽  
Puteri Sri Melor Megat-Yusoff*
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Continuous Fiber ◽  
Extraction Parameters ◽  
Optimum Extraction

The focus of this paper is to obtain a continuous cellulose fiber (CCF) from mengkuang leaves of the pandanus genus using chemical extraction process and to measure its tensile properties. The higher the concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and the longer soaking times employed during the alkaline treatment of the mengkuang leaves, the higher the cellulose content extracted. The highest tensile strength of 520 MPa was measured for single CCF treated with optimum extraction parameters of 2% NaOH for 60 minutes. Amount of cellulose content of the extracted fiber showed an inverse relationship with the fiber’s tensile strength. The removal of lignin and hemicellulose content during extraction process may have caused the reduction in the fiber’s tensile strength.

Effects of the Different Crystallization Time on Synthesis of Zeolite 4A from by-Products of Polysilicon Production Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Xing Yong Liu ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Crystallization Time ◽  
Crystallinity Degree ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Zeolite 4A ◽  
Single Structure ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
By Products

Pure form,single phase and high crystalline zeolite 4A samples were synthesized during hydrothermal treatment of by-products in polysilicon production process. The effects of the different crystallization time on the degree of crystallinity, skeleton structure, morphology, size of the particle and its distribution of zeolite 4A samples were investigated using XRD,FT-IR,SEM and Zetasizer. The results indicated that the zeolite 4A sample featured high crystallinity degree, excellent dispersivity, high purity and single structure.

scholarly journals Effect of Paper Waste as Cement Replacement in Rammed Earth Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 865-869
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Paper Waste ◽  
Earth Construction ◽  
Water Absorbability

The focus on sustainability is at its peak in the construction industries in the last couple of decades. That includes green constructions such as rammed earth construction. Due to media exposure and carbon emission, people are undeniably turning to green and sustainable buildings. Furthermore, there is an improper management pattern of solid waste management found in developing countries, such as open burning and dumping of solid wastes. In which paper waste is not handled in a good way. There arefew places in developing countries where developing countries follow proper management of solid waste. Paper waste is present in each city because people are using it for daily life. Paper waste has fibre in them and has cellulose content. These components of paper waste are suitable for compressive strength. It has a side effect that it increases water absorbability. The reason for this research work is to reduce paper waste and reduce cement content. This paper also aims to find the durability and strength properties of rammed earth construction.

Study of the structure and thermal characteristics of nanocomposites based on polyvinyl alcohol and intercalated montmorillonite

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571987919
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Krasinskyi ◽  
Ivan Gajdos ◽  
Oleh Suberlyak ◽  
Viktoria Antoniuk ◽  
Tomasz Jachowicz
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

The structure and thermal characteristics of nanocomposites based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and montmorillonite (MMT) intercalated with polyvinylpyrrolidone were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The modification of PVA with intercalated MMT reduces the degree of crystallinity of the resulting nanocomposites but significantly increases their thermal stability. Under ultrasound, the intercalated MMT was completely distributed in a PVA solution and formed a monocrystalline structure. Films based on PVA with modified MMT were cross-linked at 110°C in the presence of 5 wt% acrylic acid and 0.5 wt% Ferrous(II) sulfate as an initiator. The formed films have a homogeneous cross-linked structure.

scholarly journals Effects of Chemical Post-treatments on Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Silk Fibroin Films Obtained From Silk Fibrous Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Puerta ◽  
Maria S. Peresin ◽  
Adriana Restrepo-Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Crystalline Structures ◽  
Amorphous Structures

Silk fibroin (SF) is a protein polymer claimed to have outstanding potential for medical applications. However, because of the manufacturing process, materials from regenerated SF exhibit a higher percentage of amorphous structures. The amorphous structures cause the material to be water soluble and can significantly limit its applications in wet biological environments. In order to increase the amount of crystalline structures and decrease the water solubility of SF materials, post-treatment with alcohols is usually employed. SF can be obtained from silk fibrous wastes (SFW), usually discarded in silk textile processes. This represents an opportunity to produce materials with high added value from low-cost natural sources. In this study, SF was obtained from SFW, and films were made thereof followed by a post-treatment by immersion or in a saturated atmosphere of methanol (MeOH) or ethanol (EtOH), using different exposure times. The resulting films were analyzed according to crystallinity, the percentage of crystalline and amorphous structures, and thermal stability. Also, water absorption and weight loss in aqueous media were determined. The results showed a significant increase in crystalline structures in all treated samples, varying according to the type and time of exposure to post-treatment conducted. The highest increase was shown in the case of the post-treatment by immersion in MeOH for 1 h, with a 23% increase over the untreated sample. This increase in crystallinity was reflected in an increase in the degradation temperature and a degradation rate of 5.3% on day 7. The possibility of tuning the degree of crystallinity, as well as thermal stability and aqueous integrity of thin films of SFW, can be applied to adjust these materials to the requirements of specific biomedical applications.

Polyoxymethylene/graphene nanocomposites: thermal, crystallization, melting and rheological behavior

2020 ◽  
pp. 002199832097217
Author(s):  
Clara Luz de Souza Santos ◽  
Marcos Lopes Dias ◽  
Marcelo Henrique Prado da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposites ◽  
Torque Curve ◽  
Degradation Effect

Polyoxymethylene (POM) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) nanocomposites were produced and their thermal properties investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Torque rheology was used to evaluate melted nanocomposites behavior. As nanofiller, two commercial GNP grades were used and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), DSC and TGA showing great morphological and structural differences. Nanocomposites thermal stability has increased for additions up to 0.25 wt.% of both nanoparticles. However, for concentrations above 0.50 wt.%, severe matrix degradation was observed. The extent of the effect on the thermal stability of the materials also varied with the grade of GNP used and seems to be related with GNP’s extent of oxidation and defect density. The extrusion process was optimized in order to minimize secondary thermal degradation mechanisms, showing that the nanofiller nature is the most relevant factor in POM/GNP based systems. DSC analyzes showed that the addition of GNP interferes with the polymer crystallization process, alters the degree of crystallinity and increases the crystallization temperature, indicating that GNP acts as a nucleating agent for POM. The torque rheology showed that slope and level of the torque curve seems to be related with the stabilization or degradation effect observed in the thermal analysis, allowing immediate qualitative evaluation of degradation effect during extrusion process.

Nanocomposite of polypropylene/octadecylamine lamellar-zirconium phosphate: Influence of nanofiller and screw speed

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M Mariano ◽  
Daniela FS Freitas ◽  
Luis C Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Zirconium Phosphate ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Crystallinity Degree ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Melting And Crystallization Temperatures ◽  
Melting And Crystallization

Nanocomposite based on polypropylene and octadecylamine-modified lamellar-zirconium phosphate (PP/nano-ZrPOct) was prepared by melt processing. The action of the nanofiller and screw speed on the properties were evaluated. SEM images revealed that at highest screw speed, the higher nano-ZrPOct dispersion was achieved. In WAXD diffractrograms, some nanofiller diffraction peaks disappeared and a new peak was observed at low angle. There was evidence of increase of thermal stability although only discrete increasing in initial degradation temperature has been noticed. Melting and crystallization temperatures were invariable but crystallinity degree was influenced with a decreasing behavior at highest screw speed. The results strongly evidenced that the intercalation of the PP chains inside the nano-ZrPOct galleries and some degree of delamination of the nanofiller platelets have been achieved.

Crystallization Behaviours of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) Nanocomposites with MoS2 Nanosheets with Different Surface Functional Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 7535-7543
Author(s):  
Guihai Gan ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Pengpeng Chen ◽  
Jichang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Cold Crystallization ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Mos2 Nanosheets ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The crystallization behaviours of amorphous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanocompositesmodified with two different kinds of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) at different filler loadings were investigated in detail in this work. The crystallinity, melting temperature and crystallization temperature of the PVDF/MoS2 nanocomposites were transformed from α-phase to β-phase with the addition of MoS2, MoS2-COOH and MoS2-NH2. During isothermal cold crystallization, the overall crystallization rate of PVDF was slowed with increased MoS2 loading relative to that of neat PVDF. Moreover, the crystallization temperature of the PVDF nanocomposites increased with the addition of MoS2 despite the cooling rate during nonisothermal cold crystallization. DMA tests showed that the storage modulus of PVDF was decreased with the addition of MoS2, while those of PVDF/MoS2-COOH and PVDF/MoS2-NH2 were enhanced to different degrees. The decomposition of the PVDF/MoS2 nanocomposites were also discussed. Relative to neat PVDF, the thermal stability of PVDF was obviously improved with the addition of MoS2, MoS2-COOH and MoS2-NH2, which could be ascribed to the increased degree of crystallinity.

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