scholarly journals Maintaining the economic safety of environmental activities in agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 915 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
Yu Krasovska ◽  
T Kuznietsova ◽  
V Kostrychenko ◽  
O Lesniak
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Price Risks ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

Abstract This article is devoted to the study of directions to ensure a sufficient level of economic safety of farms. The multifactorial nature of threats to the external environment and internal factors determining various aspects of economic safety of agricultural enterprises is determined by their wide range and complexity of influence. The high level of risk that results from such influence, on the one hand, makes the activities of such enterprises economically vulnerable but, on the other hand, makes this business attractive. Calculations on the basis of empirical agricultural data confirm that from 40 to 60% of income (depending on location and weather conditions) they can lose from inappropriate groundwater table and not sufficient meliorative state of soils. To substantially reduce this figure and to increase the level of economic safety, it is proposed to optimise the parameters of drainage systems and achieve land reclamation improvement by constructing a water discharge justification model as a key factor for achieving necessary drainage rates. In addition, the use of crop diversification model within justified crop rotations will allow to significantly increase the level of economic safety of farms by optimizing price risks.

scholarly journals Thoughts Unlocked by Technology—a Survey in Germany About Brain-Computer Interfaces

NanoEthics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Schmid ◽  
O. Friedrich ◽  
S. Kessner ◽  
R. J. Jox
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Classic Form ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA brain-computer interface (BCI) is a rapidly evolving neurotechnology connecting the human brain with a computer. In its classic form, brain activity is recorded and used to control external devices like protheses or wheelchairs. Thus, BCI users act with the power of their thoughts. While the initial development has focused on medical uses of BCIs, non-medical applications have recently been gaining more attention, for example in automobiles, airplanes, and the entertainment context. However, the attitudes of the general public towards BCIs have hardly been explored. Among the general population in Germany aged 18–65 years, a representative online survey with 20 items was conducted in summer 2018 (n = 1000) and analysed by descriptive statistics. The survey assessed: affinity for technology; previous knowledge and experience concerning BCIs; the attitude towards ethical, social and legal implications of BCI use and demographic information. Our results indicate that BCIs are a unique and puzzling way of human–machine interaction. The findings reveal a positive view and high level of trust in BCIs on the one hand but on the other hand a wide range of ethical and anthropological concerns. Agency and responsibility were clearly attributed to the BCI user. The participants’ opinions were divided regarding the impact BCIs have on humankind. In summary, a high level of ambivalence regarding BCIs was found. We suggest better information of the public and the promotion of public deliberation about BCIs in order to ensure responsible development and application of this potentially disruptive technology.

scholarly journals Prospects for the introduction of intellectual resources in the digital environment of commercial entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Galina N. Chernukhina ◽  
◽  
Alisa V. Khramova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Significance ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Information Chain ◽  
High Level ◽  
Commercial Entrepreneurship

The relevance and practical significance of the research is determined by the increasing role of intellectual resources in the conditions of digitalization of entrepreneurship. Along with other types, intellectual resources determine the competitiveness of trade enterprises and act as a key factor in their development. One of the main features that characterize the modern economy is a high level of competition, which ultimately leads to the need to maximize the use of all available resources, actively introduce innovative technologies, and quickly adapt to changing market conditions. The scope of the study is expanded by the fact that during the coronavirus pandemic, commercial entrepreneurship in Russia was greatly transformed. suffered and transformed. The pandemic has pushed commerce to online platforms, and contributed to the development of a favorable environment for e-commerce. Currently, a wide range of digital innovations are used in commercial entrepreneurship. The COVID-19 crisis has accelerated the spread of e-commerce to new firms, customers, and products. This allowed the trade enterprises to continue working, despite the limitations of contacts. At the same time, the possession of intellectual capital has a significant impact on the competitiveness of firms. The importance of intangible assets as a source of competitive advantages is growing rapidly. Blockchain and related technologies are currently relevant, many industries are exploring their capabilities, and new ways to use it are constantly emerging. Since the distributed ledger technology creates a secure, verified, and immutable information chain, it finds application in brand protection and enforcement, and is used to track.

scholarly journals Hydrological responses of a watershed to historical land use evolution and future land use scenarios under climate change conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Quilbé ◽  
A. N. Rousseau ◽  
J.-S. Moquet ◽  
S. Savary ◽  
S. Ricard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Hydrological Responses ◽  
Land Use Scenario ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Land Use Scenarios ◽  
Key Factor

Abstract. Watershed runoff is closely related to land use but this influence is difficult to quantify. This study focused on the Chaudière River watershed (Québec, Canada) and had two objectives: (i) to quantify the influence of historical agricultural land use evolution on watershed runoff; and (ii) to assess the effect of future land use evolution scenarios under climate change conditions (CC). To achieve this, we used the integrated modeling system GIBSI. Past land use evolution was constructed using satellite images that were integrated into GIBSI. The general trend was an increase of agricultural land in the 80's, a slight decrease in the beginning of the 90's and a steady state over the last ten years. Simulations showed strong correlations between land use evolution and water discharge at the watershed outlet. For the prospective approach, we first assessed the effect of CC and then defined two opposite land use evolution scenarios for the horizon 2025 based on two different trends: agriculture intensification and sustainable development. Simulations led to a wide range of results depending on the climatologic models and gas emission scenarios considered, varying from a decrease to an increase of annual and monthly water discharge. In this context, the two land use scenarios induced opposite effects on water discharge and low flow sequences, especially during the growing season. However, due to the large uncertainty linked to CC simulations, it is difficult to conclude that one land use scenario provides a better adaptation to CC than another. Nevertheless, this study shows that land use is a key factor that has to be taken into account when predicting potential future hydrological responses of a watershed.

scholarly journals Satisfaction With the Collaboration Between Families and Schools – The Parent’s View

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Paccaud ◽  
Roger Keller ◽  
Reto Luder ◽  
Giuliana Pastore ◽  
André Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Educational Decisions ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Educational Partnership ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

Families and schools are two of the central living environments of children. Their collaboration is therefore seen as an important factor in education, having a high impact on learning outcomes, motivation, and children’s health. Nevertheless, current research also shows potential tensions in the educational partnership of families and schools, as different opinions and expectations about goals, competences and roles in education can result in conflicts. Based on a nationwide survey of Swiss parents who assessed the school situation of their children (N = 1275), this study examined parent’s experiences, needs and expectations regarding collaboration with schools, with a focus on important issues such as involvement in educational decisions, inclusion, and health. Results show a generally high level of satisfaction among parents, which is particularly related to the emotional well-being of their children at school, the quality of collaboration, and the trust in schools and teachers, both for parents of children with and without special educational needs (SEN). Nevertheless, involvement in educational decisions is perceived as rather marginal. Furthermore, the results indicate that parents of children with SEN are less confident about their children’s future. They are also less optimistic about their children’s academic self-concept and slightly more dissatisfied with their children’s school. Parents’ attitudes toward inclusion showed a wide range of opinions: on the one hand, inclusion is seen positively in terms of developing students’ social skills or promoting a more inclusive society. On the other hand, however, the resources of the school and the skills of the teachers were sometimes considered as insufficient. Our findings provide important insights regarding the further development of the educational partnership between schools and families. Good collaboration between schools and families can create an environment that promotes students’ emotional well-being as well as their academic skills. The positive impact of this partnership has been demonstrated in numerous studies and contributes to the implementation of an inclusive healthy school.

scholarly journals Manifestation tendencies of deep and surface learning of mathematics at KTU

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Novikienė ◽  
Rasa Matiukaitė
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Gifted Child ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Surface Learning ◽  
Deep And Surface Learning ◽  
The One

Researchers [5] state that a gifted child is the one who early understood how to learn and applies analysis-based learning style. Therefore, the faculty to learn might be treated as the key factor of student’s success. The article seeks to examine how widely the strategy of deep learning is spread among the students of Kaunas University of Technology (KTU) and what external and internal factors impede the learning.

scholarly journals Tariff Regulation on the base of Weather and Seasonal Changes in Transportation Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1331-1336
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cargo Transportation ◽  
Economic Imbalances ◽  
High Level

One of the most promising areas for the development of the domestic economy is the agricultural sector which is characterized by a high level of volatility due to a wide range of business risks including weather and seasonal changes. There are significant economic imbalances despite the active processes of automation of the agricultural sector as well as the desire of farmers to reduce the cost of production while simultaneously improving its quality. And it’s largely due to imperfect approaches to price formation. One of these problematic areas is the sphere of cargo transportation of agricultural products. Now the usual ways of supporting entrepreneurs in the form of preferential loans, special tax regimes, and aid grants are no longer fully able to create optimal conditions for agricultural producers. The reason of this is the complex, multi-faceted nature of production and financial and economic relations in the agricultural sector. Above-listed tools are able to harmonize the sphere of agriculture as an economic system, however, a number of issues require the development of effective organizational and economic measures in a rather tight range. So, it is advisable to review the pricing conditions for cargo transportation of agricultural products taking into account both the weather conditions and the factor of seasonality. The authors give reasons for the need to introduce a flexible approach to the application of trade surcharges (tariff schedule) in this area. The rationale for the feasibility of correcting prices for carriers’ services taking into account these factors is presented since the proposed measures reduce the surface damage of agricultural products during transportation. It leads to a longer period of sell-by-date and, that is why, obtaining additional income which more than compensates of the transportation costs increasing.

scholarly journals A New Typology to Describe the Regional Differences in Swiss Labor Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Antonini
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Methodological Challenge ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Swiss Cantons ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

Abstract The analysis of the Swiss labor market poses a methodological challenge. On the one hand, Switzerland is too diversified to be analyzed as a single socio-economic space. On the other hand, a high level of territorial fragmentation makes the use of administrative divisions methodologically weak. In this paper, we classify Swiss cantons into three types of labor markets: attractive, multicenter, and marginal. Our typology is based on a wide range of economic and labor market parameters, and can be a ready-to-use tool for further researches.

Relevant issues of land reclamation development in Non-black Earth area

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Aleksey Ivanov ◽  
Yuri Yanko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Edible Roots ◽  
Social Economic Development

Current situation and agricultural management on the non-black earth area of Russia arebeing gradually worsen by the negative natural factors such as a significant increase of weather based climatic abnormal risks, deterioration of agro-meliorative conditions of agricultural lands because of colonization by tree and shrubbery vegetation and secondary bog formation, hidden degradation of soil fertility. When combined with functional loss of ameliorative complex and meliorative systems amortization, regional agriculture adaptation possibilities were rapidly limited. Production shortfall due no abnormal weather conditions for particular field crops was 19…48% during last five years, level of business realization of bioclimatic potential on a field was decreased by 7…12%.The complete realization of regional agricultural adaptive potential to weather based climatic changes and limitation of greenhouse gases emissions is possible on a basis of regeneration ofalll functions and aspects of ameliorative complex management. Toward this goal the coordinated actions of federal and regional management of Agricultural Complex, Scientific and Educational institutions, project foundations and managers are needed in a relation to human resources, scientific and regulatory supply. Any incomplete treatment in these fields inherent in visual negative consequences for food security and social economic development of rural areas of non-black earth zones not only at the current historical moment, but in a future also. Fundamental influence of solving of these problems deserves to scientific supply of innovative ameliorative complex, renewal of which should be based on principals of resources and energy preservation, nature management, computerization and digitalization management. During a long term research it was established that increase of average vegetation period temperature by lоСhas increased productivity of winter wheat, barley and summer wheat in average on 0,7 tons per ha, winter wheat and oat on 0,4 tons per ha, potatoes – 8,2 tons per ha, edible roots-6,4 tons per ha, cabbage 9,8 tons per ha, dry basis of herbage of multi and one age grasses–0,5 and 0,7 tons per ha. Increase of СО2 Concentration from 0,35 to 0,45% during last twenty years contributed into grow of yield in regional agriculture which can be estimated as 0,3 tons per ha per measure; searching remedy for agroclimatical risks decreasing production became drainage and irrigation systems (decrease 3…5 times);new method of reclamation of abandoned areas with transformation of biomass of tree and shrubbery vegetation into biochar makes it possible to decrease СО2 emissions up to times and get an adverse balance of СО2;secondary reclamation of lands covered by trees and shrubbery on area of 22ha used for vegetables and area of 37ha used for forage crops could supply a farmer with work and revenue sufficient for maintenance of one child what is on the major facts of population declaim in rural areas.

Brief history and ways of further development of the department of hydraulic engineering and hydraulics FSBI «VNIIGiM named after A.N. Kostyakov»

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Alexey Shcherbakov ◽  
Valentin Zhezmer
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Construction Operation

Department of hydraulic engineering and hydraulics FGBNU «VNIIGiM them. A.N. Kostyakova «has a long history. For many years, the department’s staff has been such scientists and water engineers with extensive experience as M.A. Volynov, V.S. Verbitsky, S.S. Medvedev, N.V. Lebedev, B.C. Panfilov, T.G. Voynich-Syanozhentsky, V.A. Golubkova, G.V. Lyapin and others. The department solved a wide range of tasks, the main areas of research were the following: – theoretical and applied hydrodynamics and hydraulics, with reference to the open channel flows that affect the state and level of safety of the hydraulic structures; – integrated use and protection of water bodies – water sources and water sources of water resources used in land reclamation; – development of measures and technical solutions for the protection of objects from the negative effects of water; – theoretical substantiation of works to improve the safety level of the GTS (declaration); – development and implementation of digitalization methods for solving design, construction, operation and control of landreclamation facilities. Currently, promising areas of research is the development of a decision-making algorithm in the designation of measures to rationalize the provision of resources to water amelioration. The algorithm is developed on the basis of a detailed study, systematization and processing of data both on safety and on the efficiency of systems and structures, ensuring the delivery of irrigation water of the required quality and in sufficient quantity from a water source to the field.

Vulnerability of sweet cherry cultivars to continuous periods of spring frosts in Plovdiv, Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
S. Malchev ◽  
S. Savchovska
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Form ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Abstract. The periods with continuous freezing air temperatures reported during the spring of 2020 (13 incidents) affected a wide range of local and introduced sweet cherry cultivars in the region of Plovdiv. They vary from -0.6°C on March 02 to -4.9°C on March 16-17. The duration of influence of the lowest temperatures is 6 and 12 hours between March 16 and 17. The inspection of fruit buds and flowers was conducted twice (on March 26 and April 08) at different phenological stages after continuous waves of cold weather conditions alternated with high temperatures. During the phenological phase ‘bud burst’ (tight cluster or BBCH 55) some of the flowers in the buds did not develop further making the damage hardly detectable. The most damaged are hybrid El.28-21 (95.00%), ‘Van’ (91.89%) and ‘Bing’ (89.41%) and from the next group ‘Lapins’ (85.98%) and ‘Rosita’ (83.33%). A larger intermediate group form ‘Kossara’ (81.67%), ‘Rozalina’ (76.00%), ‘Sunburst’ (75.00%), ‘Bigarreau Burlat’ (69.11%) and ‘Kuklenska belitza’ (66.67%). Candidate-cultivar El.17-90 ‘Asparuh’ has the lowest frost damage values of 55.00% and El.17-37 ‘Tzvetina’ with damage of 50.60%.

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