scholarly journals Bed Load Distribution Analysis of Pondo Poboya River to The Hydraulics Flow Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 930 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
N B Rustiati ◽  
V M Andiese ◽  
S R Oktavia
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Meandering Channels ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Maximum Coefficient ◽  
Bedload Sediment ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract The aim is to know the effect of bedload sediment to river hydraulics parameters. The research was conducted by taking samples in three-part of the river. Each location is taken ten cross-sections with left, middle, and right parts of the river. Bedload sediment is calculated by the grain analysis method. There are several approaches in determining the roughness: Manning, Raudkivi, Subramanya, Meyer, and Muller roughness. From the analysis results, sediment in the form of fine sediment (d ≤ 0.15 mm) located in the middle of the cross-section does not settle due to high velocity. In contrast, in the wet area, the velocity is smaller so that grain material is deposited. The relationship of bedload sediment to the morphological form of the river shows that the middle part has the most material content in grain sediment (d ≤ 0.15 mm). The wet edge has the most content in gravel and sand (d < 6 mm). The Manning equation obtained a minimum roughness of 0.0257 and a maximum coefficient of 0.0365 with an average value of 0.0311. This value is matched with the coefficient of roughness on the Manning table does not differ much, i.e., natural, straight, and meandering channels.

THE EFFECT OF EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITY TOWARD ENGLISH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF NURSING STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Juliana Juliana ◽  
Novi Afrianti
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
English Language ◽  
Extracurricular Activity ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Banda Aceh

This research is a descriptive correlative study. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and relationship of English extracurricular activities (English Club) on the English learning achievement of nursing students. This research took place at the Academy of Nursing Kesdam Iskandar Muda Banda Aceh. The population in this study were all students of the Academy of Nursing Kesdam Iskandar Muda Banda Aceh. The samples are students of 2018/2019 who take part in English extracurricular activities as many as 50 students. Data collection methods in this study are the documentation and the questionnaire. Documentation is used to obtain data about the names and number of students who become research respondents. The questionnaire was used to find out students' opinions about English extracurricular activities. The data was analysed in term of percentage by using statistic descriptive SPSS 16.0 and Ms Excel 2013. The results of this study are the researchers found that the average value of students' perceptions reached 82.3% which means students strongly agree with the existence of English language extracurricular activities to support the improvement of their English learning achievement. The data is strengthened by the results of documentation of students' English grades. From the results of the analysis showed that English extracurricular activities proved to have an effect on students' English learning achievement.

scholarly journals Diatom Algae-Indicators of Water Quality in the Lower Zarafshan River, Uzbekistan

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Sophia Barinova ◽  
Karomat Mamanazarova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
State Monitoring ◽  
Ecological Mapping ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Toxicity Indices

This work is the first, the purpose of which was a comprehensive assessment of the ecological state of the lower reaches of the Zarafshan River using bioindication of water quality by diatoms based on species’ ecological preferences, pollution indices, statistics, and ecological mapping. A total of 198 species and subspecies of diatoms were first identified from 195 samples collected four times a year at six sites in the lower reaches of the Zarafshan River in 2009–2015. The richest species were Cymbella, Navicula, and Nitzschia. Pleurosira laevis, resistant to salinity, was first found in aquatic habitats in Uzbekistan. Bioindicators of nine environmental variables make up 91% of the list. Distribution analysis of variables, pollution indices (SLA—SládečDek index of saprobity), and toxicity indices (WESI—Water Ecosystem State Index) show increases in salinity, turbidity, and decreases in organic pollution downstream. The source of acidification can be the Navoi region. We found an increase in the ability to self-purify with an increase in species richness and abundance of diatoms in the lower part of Zarafshan. Thus, the ecosystem of the studied part of the river successfully copes with the incoming pollution from the middle part of Zarafshan and demonstrates some stability and successful self-purification with a water quality class of 2–3. The first studied lower reaches of the ecosystem of the Zarafshan River using bioindicators, statistics, and ecological mapping show that the problem of aridization in Central Asia does not necessarily lead to degradation of the river ecosystem and an increase in pollution, but with rational water use can improve water quality and self-purification processes. Hence, diatoms can be good indicators of river water quality in a semi-arid region and reflect the climate and anthropogenic load change. We recommend that attention be paid to nutrient and turbidity management and to expand state monitoring points to the lower part of the river up to the Karakul region.

scholarly journals Combined electrokinetic and shear flows control colloidal particle distribution across microchannel cross-sections

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Lochab ◽  
Shaurya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Shear Flow ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Lift Force ◽  
Shear Flows ◽  
Colloidal Particle ◽  
Particle Distribution ◽  
Particle Migration ◽  
Flow Parameters

We quantify and investigate the effects of flow parameters on the extent of colloidal particle migration and the corresponding electrophoresis-induced lift force under combined electrokinetic and shear flow.

scholarly journals On Newcomb's method of investigating periodicities and its application to Brückner's weather cycle

1914 ◽  
Vol 90 (619) ◽  
pp. 349-355
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Numerical Work ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Great Simplicity

During the last few years of his life Prof. Simon Newcomb was keenly interested in the problem of periodicities, and devised a new method for their investigation. This method is explained, and to some extent applied, in a paper entitled "A Search for Fluctuations in the Sun's Thermal Radiation through their Influence on Terrestrial Temperature." The importance of the question justifies a critical examination of the relationship of the older methods to that of Newcomb, and though I do not agree with his contention that his process gives us more than can be obtained from Fourier's analysis, it has the advantage of great simplicity in its numerical work, and should prove useful in a certain, though I am afraid, very limited field. Let f ( t ) represent a function of a variable which we may take to be the time, and let the average value of the function be zero. Newcomb examines the sum of the series f ( t 1 ) f ( t 1 + τ) + f ( t 2 ) f ( t 2 + τ) + f ( t 3 ) f ( t 3 + τ) + ..., where t 1 , t 2 , etc., are definite values of the variable which are taken to lie at equal distances from each other. If the function be periodic so as to repeat itself after an interval τ, the products are all squares and each term is positive. If, on the other hand, the periodic time be 2τ, each product will be negative and the sum itself therefore negative. It is easy to see that if τ be varied continuously the sum of the series passes through maxima and minima, and the maxima will indicated the periodic time, or any of its multiples.

scholarly journals Premature destruction of two-span RC beams exposed to high temperature caused by a redistribution of shear forces

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert KOWALSKI ◽  
Michał GŁOWACKI ◽  
Marian ABRAMOWICZ
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Transverse Reinforcement ◽  
Shear Load ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Rc Beams ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity

When multi-span RC elements are exposed to fire one usually observes a yielding of span cross-sections while a safety reserve of support cross-sections is still significant. Due to this phenomenon a redistribution of bending moments occurs and the values of sagging moment in span cross-sections decrease while the values of hogging moment in support cross-sections increase. This paper shows the results of tests conducted on two-span RC beams in a situation when only one span has been exposed to high temperature from the bottom. The beams were 12×16 cm in their cross-section. The length of the span was 165 cm. The load has been applied by two forces put on each span. The beams were made of C25/30 concrete with siliceous aggregate. As a result of significant stiffness decrease of the heated span, redistribution of shear forces and bending moment occurs. Due to this redistribution the tested beams were prematurely damaged due to exhaust of the shear load bearing capacity in the middle part of the beam span where there was no transverse reinforcement.

Distribution Characteristics and Risk Evaluation of Cd and Hg in Sediments on the Zhenjiang Ancient Canal River

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 296-300
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Chen ◽  
An Ping Wei ◽  
Xiao Hong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Heavy Metal Element ◽  
Individual Potential ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of this paper is to study the speciation and contents of two types of heavy metals (Cd and Hg) in the sediments in Power Bridge (D1) and Nanshui Bridge (N2) in the middle part of the Ancient Canal in Zhenjiang. The relationship between the speciation of these heavy metals and their environmental factors were described. Morerover, the ecological hazard and trace to the source of these two types of heavy metals was also determined preliminarily. The results showed that (1) the main heavy metal contamination in the sediments of Power Bridge and Nanshui Bridge is Cd, and the average value is 20 mg/Kg, 17 mg/Kg, respectively, which were higher than environmental background value;(2) The peak value of Hg and Cd were near equilibrium in the 0.1-0.2m depth of Sediments; (3) Calculate the individual potential ecological risk index in the sediments of heavy metal element of two sample points both quantity of contents are Cd>Hg. And visible ecological threat of heavy metals were from Cd. After removing the Cd value, the RI value showed that ecological harm index basically below mild ecological harm degree.

Structure, strain and AMS of the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet (Talas Range, Kyrgyz North Tian Shan)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Kushnareva ◽  
Artem Moskalenko ◽  
Alexander Pasenko
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Initial Shape ◽  
Thrust Sheet ◽  
Structural Style ◽  
Thrust Sheets ◽  
Tian Shan

&lt;p&gt;The Talas Range forms the northwest part of the Caledonides of the Northern Tian Shan. Based on differences in the structural style, metamorphism and sedimentary successions, three thrust sheets have been identified &amp;#8211; the Uzunakhmat, Talas, and Kumyshtag thrust sheets. The Talas and Kumyshtag thrust sheets consist of Neoproterozoic-Ordovician terrigenous and carbonate rock units, whereas the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet consists of Neoproterozoic terrigenous rocks metamorphosed up to greenschist facies. The Uzunakhmat thrust sheet is separated from the Talas and Kumyshtag thrust sheets by the southwest-dipping Central Talas thrust (CTT). The dextral strike-slip Talas-Fergana Fault bounds the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet in the southwest. The main deformation events occurred in the Middle-Late Ordovician.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Structural and strain studies were done along profiles normal to the strike of folds and faults and located in the northwest and southeast parts of the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet. We also incorporate in our study structural profile in the central part of the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet, documented by Khudoley (1993) and Voytenko &amp; Khudoley (2012).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The main strain indicators were detrital quartz grains in sandstones. Rf/&amp;#966; and Normalized Fry methods were used to identify the amount of strain. Oblate ellipsoids predominate with Rxz values varying mostly from 1,6 to 2,4. Long axes of strain ellipsoids are sub-horizontal with the southeast to east-southeast trend. Similar trends have long axes of the anisotropy magnetic susceptibility ellipsoid being parallel to fold axes, cleavage-bedding intersection and mineral lineation as well as the trend of the major thrusts, including CTT.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The modern shape of the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet is similar to an elongated triangle, pinching out northwest and expanding southeast. Cross-section balancing corrected for the amount of strain shows along-strike decreasing of shortening in the southeast direction. Total shortening varies from 35% to 55% between sections located about 15 km from each other. Such significant variation in shortening corresponds to variation in structural style with much more tight folds and more numerous thrusts for cross-sections with a higher amount of shortening. However, the restored length of all cross-sections is quite similar pointing to the approximately rectangular initial shape of the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet. Our interpretation is that during the Caledonian tectonic events, the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet was displaced in the northwest direction with accompanied thrusting and folding of rock units within the thrust sheet. These deformations formed the modern shape of the thrust sheet in accordance with the amount of shortening detected by cross-section balancing. This interpretation also implies that modern erosion did not significantly affect shape of the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet formed after the Caledonian deformation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Khudoley, A.K., 1993. Structural and strain analyses of the middle part of the Talassian Alatau ridge (Middle Asia, Kirgiystan). J. Struct. Geol. 6, 693&amp;#8211;706.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Voytenko N.V., Khudoley A.K. Structural evolution of metamorphic rocks in the Talas Alatau, Tien Shan, Central Asia: Implication for early stages of the Talas-Ferghana Fault. // C. R. Geoscience. 2012. V. 344. P. 138&amp;#8211;148.&lt;/p&gt;

Collaboration or Appropriation? Examining a 17th c. Panel by David Teniers the Younger and Jan Brueghel the Younger Using Confocal X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Mass ◽  
Arthur R. Woll ◽  
Noelle Ocon ◽  
Christina Bisulca ◽  
Tomasz Wazny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Bottom Left ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe 17th c. Flemish painting on panel, The Armorer's Shop, has long been attributed to David Teniers the Younger (1610-1690). The painting depicts an opulent pile of parade armor at the bottom left foreground, a seated armorer at the bottom right foreground, and a forge surrounded by workers in the middle ground. The Teniers attribution is derived from his signature at the bottom right as well as figural groups and other visual elements that are commonly associated with him and executed in his style. During dendrochronological examination of the painting, a portion of the oak plank comprising the overall structure was found to have been carved out so that a smaller plank (containing the parade armor) could be inserted into the resulting depression. This unusual construction, combined with the identification of several paintings by Jan Brueghel the Younger (1601-1678) depicting the same parade armor, raised questions about the attribution and chronology of construction of the painting. Art historical research suggests that the smaller plank with the armor was painted by Brueghel and that the remainder of the panel with the workers and forge was painted by his brother-in-law Teniers. While Brueghel writes of collaborating with Teniers in his journal, this appears to be the only identified collaboration of the two artists. Conventional microanalysis methods did not resolve the painting's construction chronology. However, confocal x-ray fluorescence microscopy (CXRF) revealed the composition and location of buried paint layers at the panel interfaces by combining depth scans at a number of adjacent lateral positions to produce virtual cross-sections over 20 mm in length. The relationship of the paint layers at the panel interfaces provided evidence for the armor panel having been painted separately and prior to the rest of the composition. This data, along with dendrochronological and IRR data, provided a chronology of construction for the painting that provided additional evidence for a Brueghel attribution. An overview of the CXRF technique will be provided along with a discussion of how CXRF data relates to data collected using SEM-EDS, FTIR, Raman, conventional XRF, x-radiography, IRR, and dendrochronology.

The Stability Analysis of Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall System and the Study of its Reinforcement Optimization

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 2389-2392
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Ju ◽  
Gui Qing Gao ◽  
Jian Hua Li ◽  
Jiang Qian Zhao ◽  
Zhang Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Reinforced Earth ◽  
Slope Treatment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
System Program

Because the relationship is not considered between physical behavior and cross sections of bars, the conventional reinforced earth retaining wall design based on constant value would lead to some limitations: the haul-resistant coefficient of the top wall is not enough, but it goes beyond at the bottom of retaining wall. In the paper, considering the SARMA method, based on computing formula of traditional slope stability, the detailed programme is realized by the language of FORTRAN, it can make up deficiency that lies in the tradition reinforced earth retaining wall by considering the relationship of physical behavior and cross sections, lengths and layers of bars. Finally, the system program has been applied to a slope treatment project in Guangzhou. Compared with the design method of traditional regulations, it is demonstrated that the optimum length required is obtained, the cross section and length of bars are fully used, and the design is simplified.

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