scholarly journals Bio-ecological study of Culex quinquefasciatus as a potential vector of Japanese encephalitis in some provinces in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012036
Author(s):  
R Setiyaningsih ◽  
Y M Anggraeni ◽  
Mujiyono ◽  
A O Yanti ◽  
Mujiyanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Potential Habitats ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Culex quinquefasciatus is a mosquito known as Japanese encephalitis (JE) vector in several regions in Indonesia. The bioecological study is essential to optimize the vector control of JE. The purpose of the study was to obtain the ecological information of Cx. quinquefasciatus in 15 provinces in Indonesia: Aceh, West Sumatra, Lampung, Bangka Belitung, Banten, West and East Java, West and South Kalimantan, North and Southeast Sulawesi, East and West Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and North Maluku. Mosquitoes were collected using the human landing catches (HLCs), light trap, and morning resting collection. The larva survey was conducted in potential habitats of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The mosquito was detected for the JE virus using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The distribution of Cx. quinquefasciatus was recorded using a GPS tool and visualized using Global Mapper. The results showed that Cx. quinquefasciatus in 15 provinces had similar behavior. The Cx. quinquefasciatus sucked blood indoors and was found throughout the night. Peak density of Cx. quinquefasciatus varies by province. Cx. quinquefasciatus breeding places are found in most ecosystems in various altitudes. Based on PCR examination, the JE virus has not been detected, thus lowering the potential for JE transmission in some provinces in Indonesia.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN NYAMUK VEKTOR FILARIASIS LIMFATIK DI WILAYAH ENDEMIS KABUPATEN PELALAWAN PROVINSI RIAU

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Maya Arisanti ◽  
Anif Budianto ◽  
Rahayu Hasti Komaria ◽  
Katarina Sri Rahayu ◽  
Rizki Nurmaliani
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Brugia Malayi ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Net Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Mass Drug Administration (MDA ) for lymphatic filariasis (LF) control was completed in 2016, however, the result of the Transmission Assessment Survey-1 (TAS -1) with the Brugia Rapid Test confirmed that 17 children were positive. This shows that LF transmission is still going on in Pelalawan District. The study aimed to identify the diversity of mosquito species that responsible for LF transmission in Pelalawan District. Data were collected from Sialang Bungkuk Village and Ukui Village 1 in September and November 2017. Mosquitoes were captured using the modified human landing collection with a double net method for 12 hours from 6 pm to 6 am. Catching mosquitoes carried out twice with an interval of 1 month at two fishing locations. Detection of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) of Brugia malayi in all types of mosquitoes using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of 1,276 adult mosquitoes was caught in these two study locations. They consisted of 25 species. Mansonia dives was the predominant species in Sialang Bungkuk Village with outdoor Man Hour Density (MHD) 17.67 mosquitoes/person/hour, while Armigeres kesseli was the predominant species in Ukui 1 village with outdoor MHD 25.68 mosquitoes/person/hour. the estimated age of the mosquito in Sialang Bungkuk Village ranged from 4,24 to 32,83 days. Among them,  the oldest mosquito species was Culex gellidus, while Culex nigropunctatus was identified as the oldest mosquito in Ukui 1 village 0-7,82 days. DNAs were detected among  Ma. dives and Culex. quinquefasciatus. The potential mosquito habitats found in two locations were found at swamps, rubber soaking ponds, ripples in rubber gardens, unused pools. We concluded that these species were responsible for filariasis transmission in that habitats. Abstrak Pemberian Obat Pencegahan Massal (POPM) filariasis di Kabupaten Palalawan telah selesai dilaksanakan tahun 2016, akan tetapi setelah dilakukan survei Transmission Assesment Survey-1 (TAS-1), ditemukan tujuh belas anak positif mikrofilaria. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan masih adanya penularan filariasis di kabupaten tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman spesies nyamuk yang berpotensi menjadi vektor filariasis limfatik di Kabupaten Pelalawan. Data dikumpulkan dari Desa Sialang Bungkuk dan Kelurahan Ukui Satu pada bulan September dan November 2017. Penangkapan nyamuk dilakukan menggunakan metode modifikasi human landing collection, menggunakan double net selama dua belas jam, pada pukul 18.00-06.00 WIB. Penangkapan dilakukan dua kali dalam selang waktu satu bulan.  Deteksi Brugia malayi pada semua jenis nyamuk tertangkap dilakukan menggunakan metode  Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Jumlah nyamuk dewasa tertangkap di dua lokasi sebanyak 1.276 ekor, terdiri dari 25 spesies. Spesies nyamuk yang mendominasi di Desa Sialang Bungkuk adalah Mansonia dives dengan Man Hour Density (MHD) luar rumah 17,67 nyamuk/orang/jam, sedangkan di Kelurahan Ukui Satu, spesies nyamuk dominan adalah Armigeres kesseli dengan MHD luar rumah  25,68 nyamuk/orang/jam. Rentang  perkiraan umur nyamuk di Desa Sialang Bungkuk adalah 4,24-32,83 hari, spesies nyamuk yang mempunyai perkiraan umur paling panjang adalah Culex gellidus. Rentang perkiraan umur nyamuk di Kelurahan Ukui Satu adalah 0-7,82 hari, spesies nyamuk yang mempunyai perkiraan umur paling panjang adalah Culex nigropunctatus. Hasil pemeriksaan PCR menunjukkan B.malayi terdeteksi pada Ma. dives dan Culex  quinquefasciatus. Habitat potensial nyamuk di dua lokasi adalah rawa-rawa, kolam perendaman karet, kobakan di kebun karet, dan kolam yang tidak terpakai. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah jenis nyamuk di habitat tersebut berpotensi sebagai vektor filariasis

scholarly journals DETEKSI VIRUS JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS PADA MANUSIA DAN VEKTOR DI KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG, JAWA TIMUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Nova Pramestuti ◽  
Tri Wijayanti ◽  
Dyah Widiastuti ◽  
Tri Isnani
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Anopheles Vagus

Japanese encephalitis is a zoonotic disease transmitted by mosquitoes with pigs as the main reservoir. A small percentage of infected people experience acute encephalitis syndrome, with one in four cases fatal. Recently, the existence of a growing pig population has the potential to increase the risk of JE transmission in Tulung Agung, East Java, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to detect JE infection in humans and mosquitoes in Tulungagung Regency. A cross-sectional design was conducted from March to October 2016. Human blood screening was carried out in six hospitals in Tulungagung and the mosquitos survey was carried out using human landing collection, resting collection, and light trap around the pig farms in Kaliwungu District. Detection of JE infection was carried out by indirect immuno-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing of IgM/IgG in human serum samples and Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Transcription reaction in mosquitoes. The ELISA test showed that one of 19 human serum samples was confirmed positive with JE specific IgG. The result of the mosquito survey showed that Anopheles vagus was predominantly collected in Kaliwungu village, while Culex quinquefasciatus was was predominantly species collected in Pulosari Village. The analyses using molecular assays showed that all captured mosquitoes were negative Javanese encephalitis virus (JEV).  Abstrak Japanese Encephalitis (JE) merupakan penyakit zoonotik yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk dengan reservoir utama babi. Sebagian kecil orang yang terinfeksi mengalami radang otak (ensefalitis), sekitar satu dari empat kasus berakibat fatal. Peningkatan populasi ternak babi di Kabupaten Tulungagung berpotensi menyebarkan virus JE. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeteksi infeksi JE pada manusia dan nyamuk di Kabupaten Tulungagung. Penelitian dilakukan pada Bulan Maret-Oktober tahun 2016 dengan desain studi potong lintang. Survey darah manusia dilakukan pada enam rumah sakit di Kabupaten Tulungagung. Survei nyamuk dilakukan satu kali dengan metode umpan badan manusia dan perangkap cahaya, serta penangkapan nyamuk istirahat di sekitar peternakan babi di Kecamatan Kaliwungu. Deteksi infeksi JE dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) IgM/IgG pada sampel serum manusia dan Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) pada nyamuk. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium terhadap antibodi IgM/IgG JE menunjukkan satu kasus positif IgG JE dari 19 sampel serum manusia yang diperiksa. Spesies nyamuk yang tertangkap di Desa Kaliwungu didominasi Anopheles vagus, sedangkan di Desa Pulosari didominasi Culex quinquefasciatus. Hasil pemeriksaan RT-PCR terhadap semua sampel nyamuk yang tertangkap menunjukkan negatif virus JE. Satu pasien ditemukan positif antibodi IgG Japanese encephalitis di Kabupaten Tulungagung.

Investigation of duck plague virus in hoar areas of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
A Hossen ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
MZ Ali ◽  
MA Yousuf ◽  
MZ Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Duck Plague Virus ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Free Ranging

Duck plague (DP) is the most important infectious disease of geese, ducks and free-ranging water birds. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of duck plague virus followed by isolation and identification. For these purposes, a total of 155 cloacal swabs samples were collected randomly from duck of different haor areas of Bangladesh including 45 (41 surveillance and 4 clinical) samples from Netrokona; 42 (40 surveillance and 2 clinical) samples from Kishoregonj; 30 samples from Brahmanbaria and 38 samples from Sunamganj. The samples were processed and pooled (1:5 ratio) for initial screening of target polymerase gene of duck plague virus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. All the samples of a positive pool were then tested individually for identifying the individual positive samples. The result showed that out of 155 samples, 41 (26.45%) were found positive in which 17 were from Netrokona, where 15 (36.58%) were from surveillance samples and 2 (50%) were from clinical sample; 16 were from Kishoregonj, where 14 (35%) were from surveillance samples and 2 (100%) were from clinical sample; 2 (6.6%) were from Brahmanbaria and 5 (13.15%) were from Sunamganj. These positive samples were inoculated into 9-10 days embryonated duck eggs (EDE) through chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route for the isolation of virus. The EDE died earlier was also chilled, and in a similar way, the CAMs were collected and again performed PCR for id entification of virus. Out of 41 PCR positive samples, 26 samples were isolated and reconfirmed by PCR. Subsequently, DPV was isolated in primary duck embryo fibroblasts cell culture and confirmed by observing cytopathic effect (CPE). Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 73-78

Prevalence of SHV-extended spectrum β-lactamase producing carbapenem –resistantKlebsiellapneumoniae among patients with lower respiratory tractinfections in Babylon Province-Iraq.

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Moeen Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Positive Results

This study was carried out to screen the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections in Babylon province.From December,2015 to the end of March,2016,a total of 100 sputum samples were collected from patients visited or hospitalized Merjan Teaching Hospital and Al- Hashimya General Hospital. Fifteenth (65%) isolates were identified as Klebsiellapneumoniae. All bacterial isolates were evaluated for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production phenotypically using disk combination method. Eleven (73.3%) isolates were detected as ESBL-producers. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was employed to determine resistance profile of ESBLs-positive isolates. Higher rates of resistance were observed for ampicillin and piperacillin antibiotics with (81.8%) and (72.7%) resistance rate, respectively, while the lowest rate was noticed for imipenem antibiotic (14.28%). Carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated for blaSHV gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method, 2 (100%) isolates gave positive results.

Identification of Bacteroides forsythus in Subgingival Dental Plaque with the Aid of a Rapid PCR Method

1997 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1376-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Meurman ◽  
J. Wahlfors ◽  
A. Korhonen ◽  
P. Alakuijala ◽  
P. Väisänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Subgingival Plaque ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Rapid Pcr ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Positive Results

Bacteroides forsythus has been shown to be prevalent among patients with periodontitis. Conventional microbiological methods used to identify this bacterium, however, are laborious and time-consuming and are therefore not well-suited for screening purposes. We have developed a polymerase chain-reaction (PCR) method which is rapid, specific, and simple to perform and does not require other sample pre-treatment except a brief centrifugation. This method was applied to the detection of B. forsythus in subgingival plaque of 58 periodontitis patients. When compared with the results of conventional culturing, the PCR method always confirmed the culture-positive results, while none of the PCR negative samples was shown to be culture-positive. The PCR method appeared to give more than double the number of samples positive for B. forsythus than culturing (89.7% vs. 37.9%). The analysis requires less than 4 hrs to perform, and is specific only to B. forsythus and sensitive enough to detect fewer than 5 bacteria.

scholarly journals Global spatial assessment of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus: a scenario of Zika virus exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto J. Alaniz ◽  
Mario A. Carvajal ◽  
Antonella Bacigalupo ◽  
Pedro E. Cattan
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
World Population ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Risk Zones

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Recent scientific evidence on Culex quinquefasciatus has suggested its potential as a vector for ZIKV, which may change the current risk zones. We aimed to quantify the world population potentially exposed to ZIKV in a spatially explicit way, considering the primary vector (A. aegypti) and the potential vector (C. quinquefasciatus). Our model combined species distribution modelling of mosquito species with spatially explicit human population data to estimate ZIKV exposure risk. We estimated the potential global distribution of C. quinquefasciatus and estimated its potential interaction zones with A. aegypti. Then we evaluated the risk zones for ZIKV considering both vectors. Finally, we quantified and compared the people under risk associated with each vector by risk level, country and continent. We found that C. quinquefasciatus had a more temperate distribution until 42° in both hemispheres, while the risk involving A. aegypti is concentrated mainly in tropical latitudes until 35° in both hemispheres. Globally, 4.2 billion people are under risk associated with ZIKV. Around 2.6 billon people are under very high risk associated with C. quinquefasciatus and 1 billion people associated with A. aegypti. Several countries could be exposed to ZIKV, which emphasises the need to clarify the competence of C. quinquefasciatus as a potential vector as soon as possible. The models presented here represent a tool for risk management, public health planning, mosquito control and preventive actions, especially to focus efforts on the most affected areas.

Levels of Ancylostoma infections and phylogenetic analysis of cox 1 gene of A. ceylanicum in stray cat faecal samples from Guangzhou, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hu ◽  
X.G. Yu ◽  
S. Wu ◽  
L.P. Tan ◽  
M.R. Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Stray Cat ◽  
A Minor

AbstractAncylostoma ceylanicum is a common zoonotic nematode. Cats act as natural reservoirs of the hookworm and are involved in transmitting infection to humans, thus posing a potential risk to public health. The prevalence of feline A. ceylanicum in Guangzhou (South China) was surveyed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In total, 112 faecal samples were examined; 34.8% (39/112) and 43.8% (49/112) samples were positive with hookworms by microscopy and PCR method, respectively. Among them, 40.8% of samples harboured A. ceylanicum. Twelve positive A. ceylanicum samples were selected randomly and used for cox 1 sequence analysis. Sequencing results revealed that they had 97–99% similarity with A. ceylanicumcox 1 gene sequences deposited in GenBank. A phylogenetic tree showed that A. ceylanicum isolates were divided into two groups: one comprising four isolates from Guangzhou (South China), and the other comprising those from Malaysia, Cambodia and Guangzhou. In the latter group, all A. ceylanicum isolates from Guangzhou were clustered into a minor group again. The results indicate that the high prevalence of A. ceylanicum in stray cats in South China poses a potential risk of hookworm transmission from pet cats to humans, and that A. ceylanicum may be a species complex worldwide.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document