scholarly journals Flower-visiting insects to Coffea arabica flower at different temperatures and the production of the fruit of arabica coffee

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012046
Author(s):  
H Hafsah ◽  
I Iriawati ◽  
T S Syamsudin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Coffee Plantation ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Fruit Mass

Abstract Temperature change may affect insect activity, including flower-visiting insects. Flower-visiting insects, particularly pollinators, have an impact on the fruits produced. This research aimed to study the relationships of flower-visiting insects at different temperatures and coffee production. The gauze experiment was carried out on the coffee plantation that consists of two sites, shaded and unshaded. The study involved 30 arabica inflorescences. The number of flower-visiting insects was recorded and captured. The results showed that the diversity of flower-visiting insects was related to the temperature differences. The flower-visiting insect on the unshaded site was more diverse than the shaded site. The formation of peaberries and the productivity of coffee fruit were also different. Peaberry production was lower (6.24 %) while the fruit mass was heavier (0.15±0.096 g/cherry) in unshaded than shaded sites. However, at the unshaded, the percentage of coffee beans defect was 0.56 % greater than the shaded one. According to these findings, more flower-visiting insects lead to the lower peaberry formation, the heavier fruit mass but potentially causing higher defective coffee beans. The increase in temperature due to climate change can be detrimental because these phenomena will increase the number of coffee fruit defects and insect pests.

scholarly journals The Influence of Strata on the Nutrient Recycling within a Tropical Certified Organic Coffee Production System

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mamani-Pati ◽  
D. E. Clay ◽  
S. A. Clay ◽  
H. Smeltekop ◽  
M. A. Yujra-Callata
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Green Coffee Beans ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Middle Strata ◽  
Organic Coffee

In tropical Bolivia coffee plantations, the plant community can be separated into high (trees), middle (coffee), and low (weed) strata. Understanding the importance of each stratum is critical for improving the sustainability of the system. The objective of this study was to determine the importance of strata on nutrient recycling. Litter falls from the upper and middle strata were collected monthly using cone-shaped traps and divided by species into leaves, branches, flowers, and fruits. Dry biomass additions to the soil from high and middle strata totaled 12,655 kg (ha yr)−1 annually. About 76% of the biomass was provided by plants of the genus Inga (I. adenophylla and I. oerstediana). The middle stratum (Coffea arabica L.) provided 24% litterfall biomass. This stratum also produced 1,800 kg coffee bean per ha (12% moisture) which sold for $2.94 kg−1. In the lower stratum, Oxalis mollissima returned 36 kg N ha−1, while Solanum nodiflorum returned 49 kg K ha−1, and Urtica sp. returned 18 kg Ca ha−1. The nutrients recycled through plants in three strata exceeded the amount of nutrients removed in green coffee beans.

scholarly journals Preservation of roasted and ground coffee during storage. Part 2: Bulk density and intergranular porosity

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 666-671
Author(s):  
Paulo C. Corrêa ◽  
Gabriel H. H. de Oliveira ◽  
Wander L. Vasconcelos ◽  
Guillermo A. Vargas-Elías ◽  
Fábio L. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Intergranular Porosity ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT The determination of physical properties is an important factor in the design of machinery and the scaling of post-harvest operations. The present study evaluates the influence of the level of roasting and the size of grinding on the physical properties of coffee during storage. The following physical properties were evaluated: true and bulk density, and intergranular porosity. Raw coffee beans (Coffea canephora and Coffea arabica), hulled and dried, were roasted to two different levels: medium light (SCAA#65) and moderately dark (SCAA#45). The beans were then grinded into three different sizes: fine (0.59 mm), medium (0.84 mm) and coarse (1.19 mm). An additional coffee lot was kept whole. Following grinding, samples were stored at two different temperatures (10 and 30 ºC) and analyzed after five different storage durations (0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 days). The medium light roast had higher values for each of the measured physical properties. Finely ground samples had higher true and bulk densities, and porosities. It is concluded that the size of grinding, level of roasting and duration of storage significantly affect the physical properties of coffee.

scholarly journals Análisis bibliométrico sobre el cambio climático y la producción de Coffea arabica

UVserva ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Heinrich Marx Sánchez Díaz ◽  
Carlos Roberto Cerdán Cabrera ◽  
Gustavo Ortíz Ceballos ◽  
Robert Hunter Manson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

La cafeticultura veracruzana enfrenta diversos retos desde hace décadas que afectan principalmente a los productores. Los impactos del cambio climático en la producción de café se sumarán a la ya compleja situación. Diversos estudios hablan sobre impactos negativos, por lo que es necesario analizar toda la información disponible. Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico sobre cambio climático y café. Aun cuando existe información, mucha de ella no se encuentra accesible y por lo tanto no es útil para los productores.Palabras clave: Vulnerabilidad; generación de información; cambio climático; investigación agrícola; cafeticultura AbstractVeracruz coffee-growing had faced several challenges for decades, which they mainly affect producers. The impacts of climate change on the coffee production will add to the already complex situation. Various studies talk about negative impacts, so it is necessary to analyses all the available information. A bibliometric analysis on climate change and coffee was carried out. Although the information exists, most of it is useless and not accessible for the coffee producers.Keywords: Vulnerability; generation of information; climate change; agricultural research; coffee industry

scholarly journals Preservation of roasted and ground coffee during storage Part 1: Moisture content and repose angle

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo C. Corrêa ◽  
Gabriel H. H. de Oliveira ◽  
Ana P. L. R. de Oliveira ◽  
Guillermo A. Vargas-Elías ◽  
Fábio L. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Ground Coffee

ABSTRACT The present study evaluates the influence of the level of roasting and the grind size on the moisture content and repose angle of coffee during storage. Raw coffee beans (Coffea canephora and Coffea arabica), hulled and dried, were roasted to two different levels: medium light (SCAA#65) and moderately dark (SCAA#45). The beans were then ground into three different grind sizes: fine (0.59 mm), medium (0.84 mm) and coarse (1.19 mm). An additional coffee lot was kept whole. Following grinding, samples were stored at two different temperatures (10 and 30 ºC) and analyzed after five different storage durations (0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 days). The moderately dark roast was found to have a lower moisture content. Finely ground samples had higher angles of repose. It is concluded that the grind size, level of roasting and duration of storage significantly affect the moisture content and angle of repose of coffee.

Emergence of New Potential Insect Pests of Date Palm: Could Climate Change Be the Reason?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
Hamadttu A. F. El-Shafie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
South American ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
The Family ◽  
American Palm ◽  
Sorghum Chafer

Four insect species were reported as new potential pests of date palm in recent years. They are sorghum chafer (Pachnoda interrupta), the rose chafer (Potosia opaca), the sericine chafer beetle (Maladera insanablis), and the South American palm borer (Pysandisia archon). The first three species belong to the order Coleoptera and the family Scarabaeidae, while the fourth species is a lepidopteran of the family Castniidae. The injury as well as the economic damage caused by the four species on date palm need to be quantified. Due to climate change and anthropogenic activities, the date palm pest complex is expected to change in the future. To the author's knowledge, this article provides the first report of sorghum chafer as a pest damaging date palm fruit.

scholarly journals Calcium and Potassium Nutrition Increases the Water Use Efficiency in Coffee: A Promising Strategy to Adapt to Climate Change

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Victor Hugo Ramírez-Builes ◽  
Jürgen Küsters
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

Coffee (Coffea spp.) represents one of the most important sources of income and goods for the agricultural sector in Central America, Colombia, and the Caribbean region. The sustainability of coffee production at the global and regional scale is under threat by climate change, with a major risk of losing near to 50% of today’s suitable area for coffee by 2050. Rain-fed coffee production dominates in the region, and under increasing climate variability and climate change impacts, these production areas are under threat due to air temperature increase and changes in rainfall patterns and volumes. Identification, evaluation, and implementation of adaptation strategies for growers to cope with climate variability and change impacts are relevant and high priority. Incremental adaptation strategies, including proper soil and water management, contribute to improved water use efficiency (WUE) and should be the first line of action to adapt the coffee crop to the changing growing conditions. This research’s objective was to evaluate at field level over five years the influence of fertilization with calcium (Ca+2) and potassium (K+) on WUE in two coffee arabica varieties: cv. Castillo and cv. Caturra. Castillo has resistance against coffee leaf rust (CLR) (Hemileia vastatrix Verkeley and Brome), while Caturra is not CLR-resistant. WUE was influenced by yield changes during the years by climate variability due to El Niño–ENSO conditions and CLR incidence. Application of Ca+2 and K+ improved the WUE under such variable conditions. The highest WUE values were obtained with an application of 100 kg CaO ha−1 year−1 and between 180 to 230 kg K2O ha−1 year−1. The results indicate that adequate nutrition with Ca+2 and K+ can improve WUE in the long-term, even underwater deficit conditions and after the substantial incidence. Hence, an optimum application of Ca+2 and K+ in rain-fed coffee plantations can be regarded as an effective strategy to adapt to climate variability and climate change.

Responses of insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plant species to climate change in the forests of northeastern North America: What can we predict?This article is one of a selection of papers from NE Forests 2100: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Forests of the Northeastern US and Eastern Canada.

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Dukes ◽  
Jennifer Pontius ◽  
David Orwig ◽  
Jeffrey R. Garnas ◽  
Vikki L. Rodgers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nuisance Species

Climate models project that by 2100, the northeastern US and eastern Canada will warm by approximately 3–5 °C, with increased winter precipitation. These changes will affect trees directly and also indirectly through effects on “nuisance” species, such as insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plants. We review how basic ecological principles can be used to predict nuisance species’ responses to climate change and how this is likely to impact northeastern forests. We then examine in detail the potential responses of two pest species (hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae Annand) and forest tent caterpillar ( Malacosoma disstria Hubner)), two pathogens (armillaria root rot ( Armillaria spp.) and beech bark disease ( Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind. + Neonectria spp.)), and two invasive plant species (glossy buckthorn ( Frangula alnus Mill.) and oriental bittersweet ( Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.)). Several of these species are likely to have stronger or more widespread effects on forest composition and structure under the projected climate. However, uncertainty pervades our predictions because we lack adequate data on the species and because some species depend on complex, incompletely understood, unstable relationships. While targeted research will increase our confidence in making predictions, some uncertainty will always persist. Therefore, we encourage policies that allow for this uncertainty by considering a wide range of possible scenarios.

Social Entrepreneurship and Arabica Coffee Production in the Northern Philippines: Navigating Opportunities and Constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
B. Lynne Milgram
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Green Coffee Beans ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Private Government

Private, government, and corporate sectors increasingly seek to mitigate the precarious economic and environmental conditions their businesses have caused. Given the shortcomings of conventional approaches to achieve meaningful social change, social entrepreneurship has emerged as an alternative approach to answer this call. Combining business, private investment, and social movement models, social entrepreneurs work collaboratively with communities to augment peoples’ livelihood and their social security. This article draws on social entrepreneurship scholarship to analyze entrepreneurs’ initiatives in the northern Philippines’ emergent specialty Arabica coffee industry. I explore the extent to which entrepreneurs can operationalize opportunities and mitigate constraints as they expand from their small start-up premises while maintaining their social mandate. Given that current demand for premium green coffee beans outstrips supply, entrepreneurs may find themselves in competition with one another. This situation coupled with the Philippine government’s inability to secure peoples’ subsistence needs means that farmers may betray their allegiance to the entrepreneurs who supported them. I ask: do social entrepreneurs’ efforts simply alleviate symptoms rather than address root causes of inequality? Entrepreneurs’ efforts to date have led to positive industry outcomes; this suggests that pursuing such cross-sector advocacy can potentially curtail challenges to enterprise sustainability.

A comparison of flower-visiting insects to rare Symphyotrichum sericeum and common Solidago nemoralis (Asteraceae)

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bizecki Robson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Visitation Rate ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Insect Visitors ◽  
Over Time

Flower-visiting insect activity to the rare Symphyotrichum sericeum (Vent.) G.L. Nesom and the common Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. longipetiolata (Mack. & Bush) Pal. & Steyerm. was examined to detect compositional and temporal similarities. A hand pollination experiment was conducted to determine whether pollen was limiting seed set. Of the 31 insect taxa that visited these plants, Bombus bifarius Cresson was the most common visitor to both species. More insect visitors of the Halictidae and Bombyliidae were received by S. sericeum than S. nemoralis, which received more visitors of the Syrphidae and Tachinidae. The insect visitation rate was not significantly different between the two plant species. Solidago nemoralis was visited by fewer insect taxa per day than S. sericeum, but the constancy of its visitors was higher. The insect visitor composition changed over time, with B. bifarius ignoring S. sericeum plants initially, then visiting them more frequently as the number of receptive S. nemoralis capitula declined. Hand pollination increased seed set in the earliest flowering capitula of S. sericeum, but not for those flowering during the peak. This research shows that the quantity of insect visits to the rare plant is comparable with that of the common plant but that pollination quality may be lower, particularly for early blooming capitula.

Global Warming and the Effects of Climate Change on Coffee Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-100
Author(s):  
Taís Rizzo Moreira ◽  
Samuel Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Nathan Bruno da Silva ◽  
Gleissy Mary Amaral Dino Alves dos Santos ◽  
Alexandre Rosa dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Coffee Production
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