scholarly journals Differences of Curing Effects between a Human and Veterinary Bone Cement

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kallol ◽  
M. Motalab ◽  
M. Parvej ◽  
P. Konari ◽  
H. Barghouthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Interface Fracture ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference

The goal of the study is to understand how the curing characteristics of a human bone cement (HBC) and veterinary bone cement (VBC) influence the mechanical behavior of each cement and cement bonding with an implant. This study hypothesizes that the curing temperature and time influence the mechanical properties of the cement adjacent to the implant, which resulted in the variability in bonding strength between the implant and cement. To test this hypothesis, this study measured the exothermic temperature, flexural strength, hardness, and morphology of a HBC and VBC at different curing times. In addition, this study measured shear strength at the interfaces of implant/HBC and implant/VBC samples during static and stepwise cyclic tests at different curing times. This study used Stryker Simplex P and BioMedtrix 3 poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as an HBC and VBC, respectively. This study cured HBC and VBC cement for 30 and 60 min and then conducted flexural, hardness, and interface fracture tests to evaluate the curing effect on mechanical behavior of each of the cements. This study found that the curing time significantly increases the values of flexure and hardness properties of each cement and shear strength of implant/HBC and implant/VBC (p < 0.05). This study observed a difference of curing time and temperature between HBC and VBC. This study also observed a significant difference of surface porosity at the interface of implant/HBC and implant/VBC interfaces. The variability of mechanical properties between HBC and VBC due to the differences of curing conditions may influence the bonding of cement with the implant.

scholarly journals Optimization of Manufacturing Parameters of 3D Printed Solid Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Kenan Muhamedagić ◽  
Amina Tucak ◽  
Merima Sirbubalo ◽  
Ognjenka Rahić ◽  
Lamija Hindija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Fracture Tests ◽  
Manufacturing Parameters

Microneedles (MNs) have been manufactured using a variety of methods from a range of materials, but most of them are expensive and time-consuming for screening new designs and making any modifications. Therefore, stereolithography (SLA) has emerged as a promising approach for MN fabrication due to its numerous advantages, including simplicity, low cost, and the ability to manufacture complex geometrical products at any time, including modifications to the original designs. This work aimed to print MNs using SLA technology and investigate the effects of post-printing curing conditions on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed MNs. Solid MNs were designed using CAD software and printed with grey resin (Formlabs, UK) using a Form 3 printer (Formlabs, UK). MNs dimensions were 1.2 × 0.4 × 0.05 mm, arranged in 6 rows and 6 columns on a 10 × 10 mm baseplate. MNs were then immersed in an isopropyl alcohol bath to remove unpolymerized resin residues and cured in a UV-A heated chamber (Formlabs, UK). In total, nine samples were taken for each combination of curing temperature (35, 50, and 70 °C) and curing time (5, 20, and 60 min). Fracture tests were conducted using a hardness apparatus TB24 (Erweka, Germany). MNs were placed on the moving probe of the machine and compressed until fracture. The optimization of the SLA process parameters for improving the strength of MNs was performed using the Taguchi method. The design of experiments was carried out based on the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Experimental results showed that the curing temperature has a significant influence on MN strength improvements. Improvement of the MN strength can be achieved by increasing the curing temperature and curing time.

Effects of Cure State on the Ultrasonic Nonlinear Parameter in Adhesive Joints

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoli Liu ◽  
Jianmin Qu ◽  
Laurence J. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Band ◽  
Harmonic Signal ◽  
Adhesive Joints ◽  
Nonlinear Parameter ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Polymer Adhesive ◽  
Ultrasonic Techniques ◽  
Transmitted Signal

Abstract The objective of this paper is to characterize the cure state of polymer adhesive joints using nonlinear ultrasonic techniques. To this end, through transmission tests were carried out on joint samples that had been subjected to various curing conditions. In these tests, a 40-cycle harmonic signal was generated by a 2MHz narrow-band PZT transducer as the incident wave. The wave transmitted through the adhesive joint was received with a 4MHz narrow-band PZT transducer. The magnitude of the second order harmonics in the transmitted signal was measured and the corresponding nonlinear parameter β was calculated. A fairly good correlation was observed between the nonlinear parameter and the cure state. It was found that under-curing (lower curing temperature or short curing time) tends to increase the nonlinear parameter.

scholarly journals Novolac/Phenol-Containing Phthalonitrile Blends: Curing Characteristics and Composite Mechanical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanqi Zhang ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Yanna Wang ◽  
Heng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Rheological Analysis ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Ft Ir

The phenol-containing phthalonitrile resin is a kind of self-curing phthalonitrile resin with high-temperature resistance and excellent properties. However, the onefold phthalonitrile resin is unattainable to cured completely, and the brittleness of the cured product is non-negligible. This paper focuses on solving the above problems by blending novolac resin into phenol-containing phthalonitrile. Under the action of abundant hydroxyl group, the initial curing temperature and gelation time at 170 °C decrease by 88 °C and 2820 s, respectively, monitored by DSC and rheological analysis. FT-IR spectra of copolymers showed that the addition of novolac increased the conversion rate of nitrile. When the novolac mass fraction is 10%, the peak of nitrile group disappears, which means the complete reaction. The mechanical test of blends composites shows that the maximum fracture strain of 10 wt% novolac addition is 122% higher than those of neat phthalonitrile composites on account of the introduction of flexible novolac chain segments. The mechanical properties are sensitive to elevated post-cured temperature; this is consistent with the result of morphological investigation using SEM. Finally, the dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature heightened with the increase of novolac content and post-curing temperature.

Effect of Curing Regimes on Metakaolin Geopolymer Pastes Produced from Geopolymer Powder

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 931-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liew Yun Ming ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Mohammed Binhussain ◽  
Luqman Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Metakaolin Geopolymer ◽  
Geopolymer Paste

The properties of metakaolin geopolymer paste are affected by the alkali concentration, the initial raw materials, solidification process, and amount of mixing water as well as the curing conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of curing temperature (room temperature, 40°C, 60°C, 80°C and 100°C) and curing time (6h, 12h, 24h, 48h and 72h) on the geopolymer pastes produced from geopolymer powder. The results showed that curing at room temperature was unfeasible. Heat was required for the geopolymerization process, where strength increased as the curing temperature was increased. Moderate elevated curing temperature favored the strength development of geopolymer pastes in comparison with those treated with extreme elevated curing temperature. When geopolymer paste was subjected to extreme elevated curing temperature, shorter curing time should be used to avoid deterioration in strength gain. Similarly, longer curing time was recommended for moderate elevated curing temperature. The microstructure of geopolymer paste cured at moderate curing temperature showed obvious densification of structure. In contrast, the structure formed was weak and less compact at very high elevated curing temperature.

Effects of Curing Systems on the Strength and Microstructure of Reactive Powder Concrete with Iron Tailing Sands

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Zhu ◽  
Bei Xing Li ◽  
Jin Cheng Liu ◽  
Xing Dong Lv
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Reactive Powder Concrete ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Submicroscopic Structure ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reactive Powder ◽  
Curing Systems

To produce 130MPa reactive powder concrete with iron tailing sands as aggregation in an economic hot curing system, the effects of curing temperature, curing time and curing conditions on the reactive powder concrete was studied, the reasons of the strength of reactive powder concrete in different curing systems has the difference from the submicroscopic structure point of view was analyzed. The results show that use 90°C hot water to cure reactive powder concrete for 48h can lead it’s 28 day compressive strength reaches 140MPa, the flexural strength reaches 28MPa.

Laboratory Experimental Research on Mix Ratio Test of Cement Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 438-439 ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Xian Hua Yao ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Jun Feng Guan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Cement Soil

Based on the generalization and analysis of laboratory experimental results on mix ratio, the effects of various factors such as cement content, water-cement ratio, curing time, curing conditions and types of cement on the mechanical properties of unconfined compressive strength of cement soil are presented. Results show that the unconfined compressive strength of cement soil increases with the growing curing time, and it is greatly affected by the cement content, water-cement ratio, cement types and curing time, while the effect of curing conditions is weak with a cement content of more than 10%. Moreover, the stress-strain of the cement soil responds with the cement content and curing time, increasing curing time and cement content makes the cement soil to be harder and brittle, and leads to a larger Young's modulus.

Research about the Effect of Polypropylene Fiber on Mechanical Properties of Curing Sludge

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 788-794
Author(s):  
Shu Lin Zhan ◽  
Shu Sen Gao ◽  
Jun Ying Lai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Different Content

In order to study the influence of modified polypropylene (PP) fiber on the physical and mechanical properties of curing sludge, the same amount of cement and different content of polypropylene fiber were mixed into the sludge. Unconfined compressive strength tests, water content tests and shear strength tests were carried out on different specimens with different curing time. The results show that the sludge curing effect is markedly improved by the addition of the polypropylene fiber. As to the curing sludge with the same curing time, when the content of the polypropylene fiber increases, the unconfined compressive strength and the cohesive strength greatly increase, and the internal frictional angle decreases.

Simulation of Mechanical Properties of Light-Burned Magnesium Oxide-Containing Concrete for Historical Dam Temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Yong Min Yang ◽  
Zhao Heng Li ◽  
Tong Sheng Zhang ◽  
Qi Jun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Mgo Concrete ◽  
Curing Regime

Previous studies showed that curing regime has a significant influence on mechanical properties of light-burned magnesium oxide (MgO) concrete. However, research has been limited mostly to constant-temperature studies, whereas dams manufactured from concrete exist in variable-temperature environments. In order to achieve material performance parameters that agree more closely with engineering practice, the development of mechanical properties of light-burned MgO concrete curing at constant temperature and simulated dam body temperature was studied. The compressive strength, elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strain of light-burned MgO concrete increased with the increase of curing temperature, MgO content and curing age. These constant-temperature properties were similar to those under simulated dam body temperature curing conditions. A comparison of experimental results of simulated dam body temperature curing and constant temperature curing showed that a thermostatic curing system was suitable for calculating the laws of mechanics development for dam concrete.

scholarly journals Multiscale Characterization of Nanoengineered Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on the Out-of-Plane Mechanical Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Medina ◽  
Eduardo Fernandez ◽  
Alexis Salas ◽  
Fernando Naya ◽  
Jon Molina-Aldereguía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Matrix Interface ◽  
Short Beam ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fiber Matrix Interface ◽  
Fiber Matrix

The mechanical properties of the matrix and the fiber/matrix interface have a relevant influence over the mechanical properties of a composite. In this work, a glass fiber-reinforced composite is manufactured using a carbon nanotubes (CNTs) doped epoxy matrix. The influence of the CNTs on the material mechanical behavior is evaluated on the resin, on the fiber/matrix interface, and on the composite. On resin, the incorporation of CNTs increased the hardness by 6% and decreased the fracture toughness by 17%. On the fiber/matrix interface, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) increased by 22% for the nanoengineered composite (nFRC). The influence of the CNTs on the composite behavior was evaluated by through-thickness compression, short beam flexural, and intraply fracture tests. The compressive strength increased by 6% for the nFRC, attributed to the rise of the matrix hardness and the fiber/matrix IFSS. In contrast, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) obtained from the short beam tests was reduced by 8% for the nFRC; this is attributed to the detriment of the matrix fracture toughness. The intraply fracture test showed no significant influence of the CNTs on the fracture energy; however, the failure mode changed from brittle to ductile in the presence of the CNTs.

scholarly journals The use of illite in function of filler applied in rubber blend

2021 ◽  
Vol 1199 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
M Pajtášová ◽  
B Pecušová ◽  
S Ďurišová ◽  
D Ondrušová ◽  
Z Mičicová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Rate Coefficient ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
Rubber Blend ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The presented work was dealing with the study of the commercial filler influence change in rubber blend by an alternative filler based on the clay mineral - illite. The focus of the presented work was aimed at the study of selected curing characteristics of rubber blend with addition of clay mineral filler and physico-mechanical properties of prepared vulcanizates. Curing characteristics, the processing safety, minimum and maximum torque, optimal curing time and curing rate coefficient were determined during the curing experiment phase. Selected physico-mechanical properties were given by the determination of hardness, tensibility and tensile strength. The obtained results proved the possibility of partial commercial filler replacement by an alternative filler and the positive effect of clay mineral on resulting important properties in rubber industry.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document