Combination of Carvacrol and Thymol: Antimicrobial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus and Antioxidant Activity

Background. The investigation of volatile oils used in traditional medicine is vital to enhance the quality of healthcare. This study is aimed at screening the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Micromeria fruticosa serpyllifolia volatile oils from three different regions in Palestine (north, middle, and south). Methods. Volatile oils of three samples of M. fruticosa serpyllifolia were extracted using the microwave-ultrasonic apparatus. The antioxidant activity of the volatile oils was assessed by inhibition of DPPH free radical. The antimicrobial activity was examined using the broth microdilution method. Assessment of antifungal activity was achieved using the agar dilution method. Results. Screening the biological activity of plant extracts revealed that the sample from Ramallah (middle region) possessed the most potent antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 0.45 μg/mL. The three samples exhibited broad antimicrobial activity and showed potential antifungal activity. The sample from the southern region showed the highest potency against Shigella sonnei with the lowest reported MIC; the sample from the northern region demonstrated the least potency against clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus and “methicillin”-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions. The study showed that Micromeria fruticosa serpyllifolia volatile oil samples from different regions in Palestine possess different potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities that were in line with traditional uses of the plant extracts.

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Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anticholinesterase Activities of Plant Seed Extracts from Brazilian Semiarid Region

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/510736 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Davi Felipe Farias ◽

Terezinha Maria Souza ◽

Martônio Ponte Viana ◽

Bruno Marques Soares ◽

Arcelina Pacheco Cunha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Plant Seed ◽

Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽

Hemolytic Assay ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Seed Extracts

The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of ethanolic seed extracts of twenty-one plant species from Brazilian semiarid region were investigated. The extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against six bacteria strains and three yeasts. Six extracts presented activity against the Gram (−) organismSalmonella choleraesuisand the Gram (+) organismsStaphylococcus aureusandBacillus subtilis. The MIC values ranged from 4.96 to 37.32 mg/mL. TheTriplaris gardnerianaextract presented activity against the three species, with MIC values 18.8, 13.76, and 11.15 mg/mL, respectively. Five extracts presented antioxidant activity, with EC50values ranging from 69.73 μg/mL (T. gardneriana) to 487.51 μg/mL (Licania rigida). For the anticholinesterase activity, eleven extracts were capable of inhibiting the enzyme activity. From those,T. gardneriana,Parkia platycephalaandConnarus detersuspresented the best activities, with inhibition values of 76.7, 71.5, and 91.9%, respectively. The extracts that presented antimicrobial activity were tested for hemolytic assay against human A, B, and O blood types and rabbit blood. From those, only theMyracrodruon urundeuvaextract presented activity (about 20% of hemolysis at the lowest tested concentration, 1.9 µg/mL). Infrared spectroscopy of six representative extracts attested the presence of tannins, polyphenols, and flavonoids, which was confirmed by a qualitative phytochemical assay.

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Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of aqueous and methanolic extract of Rosmarinus eriocalyx Jord. & Fourr.

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.4314/ijbcs.v14i1.21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 254-262

Author(s):

Nouioua Wafa ◽

Gaamoune Sofiane

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Stabilization Method ◽

Membrane Stabilization ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Rosmarinus eriocalyx Jord. & Fourr is a well-known aromatic and medicinal plant whose consumption serves to remedy a number of disorders, evergreen bush endemic to Algeria. The present study aimed it investigating the in-vitro anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial for two extracts of Rosmarinus eriocalyx. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and the reducing power essay, anti-inflammatory activity with the Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method. However, the antimicrobial activity was tested with three bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633. The results show an excellent antioxidant and an interesting inflammatory activities but a weak power against the used strains therefore. © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Rosmarinus eriocalyx Jord. & Fourr, DPPH, reducing power, HRBC, antimicrobial

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Study of white frangipani flower and bitter grape stem ethanol extract combination on antibacterial and antioxidant activities

Jurnal Natural ◽

10.24815/jn.v20i3.17175 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 74-79

Author(s):

KRISHNA PURNAWAN CANDRA ◽

WIJAYANTI KUSUMA WARDHANI ◽

ANTON RAHMADI ◽

MIFTAKHUR ROHMAH Rohmah ◽

YULIANI YULIANI

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Stem Extract ◽

Inhibition Index

Frangipani flower (Plumeria acuminata) and bitter grape (Tinospora crispa L. Miers) stem extract alone shows antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. However, there is a limited report about the actions from the combination of both extracts. Combinations of ethanol extract of white frangipani flower (EFF) and ethanol extract of the bitter grape stem (EBS), each of 0, 1, 2, and 3% were tested for inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus growth and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals. A yield of 3.17 and 2.62 g of EFF and EBS, respectively, were resulted from 100 g of dried powdered of the white frangipani flower and bitter grape stem using 200 mL of absolute ethanol. The antimicrobial test was assayed using a 10% stock solution of extract diluted in water. The combination of EFF and EBS showed a synergistic effect on antimicrobial activity, but it proved an antagonistic effect on antioxidant activity. The combination of EFF 3% and EBS 3% showed the highest inhibition index on the S. aureus growth , i.e. 2.02±0.06, which is higher than the inhibition index of Amoxycillin 2%, i.e. 1.85±0.09. The highest antioxidant activity showed by 1% EFF alone (57.5 ± 0.60%), while the lowest was from the combination of EFF 1% and EBS 3% (23.4±0.30%).

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Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Mahanintangtong and its constituent herbs, a formula used in Thai traditional medicine for treating pharyngitis

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12906-021-03274-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bhanuz Dechayont ◽

Pathompong Phuaklee ◽

Jitpisute Chunthorng-Orn ◽

Thana Juckmeta ◽

Onmanee Prajuabjinda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Essential Medicines ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Mahanintangtong is listed in the Thailand’s National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM). It is used to treat non-specific fevers and illnesses such as pharyngitis and chickenpox. In this study, we investigated the biological activities of the different medicinal plants used in the Mahanintangtong formula. Methods The plant materials were extracted by maceration and decoction. Antimicrobial activity, assessed by disc diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were compared with commercially available standard antibiotics. To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms, inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) production was tested by Griess and ELISA techniques. Antioxidant activity was measured by ABTS and DPPH scavenging assays. Results The extracts with the best antimicrobial activities were carbonized Tectona grandis showing against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ethanol extract of Dracaena loureiroi wood exhibited the highest NO and IL-6 inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 9.42 ± 1.81 and 12.02 ± 0.30 μg/mL, respectively. The ethanol extract of Pogostemon cablin had the highest TNF-α inhibitory with IC50 values of 10.68 ± 0.02 μg/mL. In anti-free radical testing, the ethanol extract of D. loureiroi displayed high antioxidant activity by both ABTS and DPPH assays. Conclusion The ethanol extracts from carbonized T. grandis and Mahanintangtong showed good antimicrobial activity, especially against S. pyogenes, and good anti-inflammatory activity. These findings are relevant to the pathogenesis of pharyngitis and justify additional studies to see if Mahanintangtong could have clinical utility.

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Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity from Sonneratia caseolaris Fruit Extract

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.967.28 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 967 ◽

pp. 28-33

Author(s):

Pagarra Halifah ◽

Hartati ◽

Rachmawaty ◽

Hala Yusminah ◽

A. Rahman Roshanida

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

Sonneratia Caseolaris

A study out to investigate the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Sonneratia caseolaris fruit, a mangrove plant from Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Sonneratia caseolaris extract was prepared by two different solvent: ethyl acetate and ethanol 70%. We tested the extract of Sonneratia caseolaris for antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The phytochemicals were extracted separately with ethyl acetate and ethanol 70% by maceration. The evaluation of antibacterial activity for different solvent with different concentration of Sonneratia caseolaris fruit was measurements of inhibitory power are measured by measuring the diameter of the clear zone formed. In phytochemical test Sonneratia caseolaris fruits extracted by ethyl acetate solvent confirmed the presence of flavanoids, saponin, tannin and phenolic and extracted by ethanol 70% solvent confirmed the presence of alkaloid, saponin and phenolic. The antioxidant activity as indicated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of the Sonneratia caseolaris fruits extract from the species was found to be quite appreciable. The antioxidant scavenging activity of Sonneratia caseolaris fruit extract by ethyl acetate solvent was 0.38% and by ethanol solvent was 0.08%. Antimicrobial activity of Sonnerati caseolaris fruits ethyl acetate extract obtained significant was from P<0.05 of Escherechia.coli and Candida albicans but not significant of Staphylococcus aureus. The Sonneratia caseolaris extracted by ethanol 70% solvents was highly promising among Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with level of significance was from P <0.05. The study suggests Sonneratia caseolaris fruits as a potential source of bioactive compounds with stable antioxidative and antimicrobial properties and can be used as natural antimicrobial/antioxidative agents in clinical, pharmaceutical and food processing industries.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF CINNAMON BARK (Cinnamomum burmannii) HYDROSOL IN VARIATIONS OPENING VALVE OF PILOT PLAN-SCALE STEAM DISTILLATION

Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Pertanian ◽

10.20961/jthp.v14i1.38064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Lia Umi Khasanah ◽

Rohula Utami ◽

Kawiji Kawiji ◽

Godras Jati Manuhara

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Distillation Process ◽

Cinnamon Bark

Cinnamon is one of the natural flavor commodities that has not been utilized optimally. One of its derivatives product is essential oil. Essential oils are obtained through the distillation process. The by-product of the distillation process is hydrosol. Hydrosol is an emulsion from essential oil which is bound by water molecules. The hydrosol used in this research was a by-product of processing of cinnamon bark essential oils using Pilot Plan-scale steam distillation. The Pilot Plant-scale steam distillation is using 50 % of destilation tank capacity, with a variety of valve openings (¼, ½, and ¾). The study aimed determine characterization of cinnamon bark hydrosols including total phenol, antioxidant activity of reducing power method, antioxidant activity of radical scavenging (DPPH) method, total flavonoids, and antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas fluorosence; Aspergillus niger; Bacillus plantarum; Staphylococcus aureus; and E.coli. The results showed that variety of valve openings effected the chemical characteristics of cinnamon bark hydrosols including total phenol, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH methods). The hydrosols of ¾ valve openings treatment showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. All hydrosol samples showed no antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus plantarum. This hydrosol characterization will be used for further recommendations related to the use of hydrosols in the food.

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Phytochemical Profile, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Cistus clusii Essential oil From Algeria

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407214666180802125128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 109-114

Author(s):

Souad Khebri ◽

Naima Benkiki ◽

Mouloud Yahia ◽

Hamada Haba

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Positive Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Β Carotene

Objective: In this work, we investigated the chemical composition and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the Algerian Cistus clusii Dunal essential oil. Methods: Cistus clusii essential oil has been extracted using hydrodistillation method and characterized by GC/MS. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by two different methods DPPH free radical scavenging, and β-carotene bleaching test. The antimicrobial activity was carried out using disc diffusion method against reference strains; Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27865), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), clinical bacterial (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal (Candida albicans) isolates. Results: The chemical profile of the oil showed 31 compounds. This profile was dominated by the presence of monoterpene hydrocarbons (78.4%), oxygenated derivatives (18.8%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as minor constituents of this essential oil (1.9%). The major constituents were Camphene (20.6%), γ-Terpinene (16.5%), Sabinene (12.8%), and Terpineol-4 (13.5%). Other compounds were found in moderately good amounts like α-Terpinene (8.9%), α-Thujene (5.9%), α-Pinene (4.2%), and α- Terpinolene (3.1%). The results of the antimicrobial activity showed that the highest activity was observed against C. albicans and it was higher than positive control Fluconazole. The essential oil exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, especially in the β-carotene system. Conclusion: This study indicates that Cistus clusii essential oil showed potent antioxidant and moderate antimicrobial activities which could be used to explain the use of this species in traditional medicine.

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Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the leaves and flowers of Tabebuia aurea and Cordia glabrata

Scientific Electronic Archives ◽

10.36560/1352020918 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

E. C. Tomazeli ◽

D. M. S. Valladão ◽

C. R. Andrighetti ◽

M. Magalhães ◽

L. D. Battirola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Potential

The search for new compounds of plant origin with antimicrobial activity has been the goal of many research groups, due to the increase in the number of microorganisms resistant to antimicrobials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of two plant species, Tabebuia aurea (“paratudo”) and Cordia glabrata (“louro branco”), present in the state of Mato Grosso. The plant material (leaves and flowers) was extracted by maceration in 70% ethanol (Et) and polar hexane (Hex) (non-polar solvent). The determination of the antimicrobial activity was carried out by broth microdilution technique, and the antioxidant potential determined by the DPPH free radical method. In the evaluation of the antibacterial activity, the ethanolic extract of C. glabrata leaves presented better antibacterial potential for Staphylococcus aureus, revealing a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 μg / mL. However, for strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium, all extracts of C. glabrata showed MICs of 2000 μg / mL or higher. The ethanolic and hexanic extracts of T. aurea flowers and leaves did not show promising antibacterial potential for any of the tested strains. In the evaluation of antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis, the hexanic extract of C. glabrata leaves presented weak to moderate activity only for the C. albicans strain (MIC = 1000 μg / mL). The remaining extracts of C. glabrata and the extracts of T. aurea were not promising against the tested yeasts, showing inhibitory concentrations equal to or greater than 2000 μg / mL. In the determination of the antioxidant potential, the polar extracts (Et 70%) had a higher capacity to sequester the DPPH radical than the capacity obtained for the apolar extracts (Hex). The tests revealed promising antibacterial activity for Staphylococcus aureus and high antioxidant potential of the hydroethanolic extracts of leaves and flowers of C. glabrata, respectively.

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Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxic Potentials of Agave americana

Nepal Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/njb.v7i1.26948 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 30-38

Author(s):

Binayak Raj Pandey ◽

Angela Shrestha ◽

Nisha Sharma ◽

Bhupal Govinda Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Agave Americana ◽

Mcf 7

Ethnomedicinal plants are being used as a source of medicine from ancient time but they lack the proof of modern scientific evidence for their effectiveness. This study focuses on the evaluation of phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties of one of the ethnomedicinal plant Agave americana from Dhulikhel region of Nepal. The plant extract was prepared using solvent-based warm soxhlet extraction from the leaves of the plant and antimicrobial activity against six different non-resistant clinical isolates of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Salmonella paratyphi) was evaluated using agar disc diffusion method along with qualitative analysis for presence/absence of phytochemicals. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH assay and the cytotoxicity was evaluated using MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cancer cell. Presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugars and saponins were detected in the plant extract. The extract was found to show some level of antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus thuringiensis at 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml. The IC50 value of the extract was found to be 7.68 μg/ml. The extracts of Agave americana showed 50 % cell-death of MCF-7 in 12 h at 5 μg/ml. Although this study provided some scientific evidence for the medicinal value of Agave americana, further studies are still needed for the detailed evaluations of every molecule present in this plant along with screening in larger geographical area of Nepal.

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