Phenolic Composition, Toxicity Potential, and Antimicrobial Activity of Licania rigida Benth (Chrysobalanaceae) Leaf Extracts

Background:Plant extracts are important products in the world and have been widely used for isolation of important biologically active products. Because of their significant environmental impact, extensive research has been explored to determine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts.Methods:Acetone extracts of the bark and leaf of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus phoenicea, collected from three different altitudes (125, 391, and 851 m high of sea level) at Al- Jabel Al-Akhdar area, Libya were obtained and analyzed by GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was further evaluated against plant bacteria Rhizobium radiobacter, Erwinia carotovora, Rhodococcus fascians and Ralstonia solanacearum and fungus Botrytis cinerea.Results:The impact of the altitude from the sea level on the quantity and chemical constituents of the extracts was investigated. The yield was largely dependent on tree species and the highest yield (6.50%) was obtained with C. sempervirens L bark of altitude III (851 m of the sea level), while the lowest (1.17%) was obtained with the leaf extract of C. sempervirens L from altitude I (125 m). The chemical composition analyzed by GC/MS confirmed that the leaf extracts of C. sempervirens and J. phoenicea contained a complex mixture of monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, diterpenoids, terpenophenolic, steroids and phthalates. However, the bark extracts of both trees contained a mixture of sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, diterpenoids, terpenophenolics, phthalates, retinol and steroids. These constituents revealed some variability among the extracts displaying the highest interesting chemotype of totarol (terpenophenolic) in all extracts (14.63-78.19% of the total extract). The extracts displayed a noteworthy antifungal potency with varying degrees of inhibition of growth with EC50 values ranged from 78.50 to 206.90 mg/L. The extracts obtained from the leaves of C. sempervirens showed that the highest inhibitory activity was obtained with the extract of altitude II (391 m) with MIC 565, 510, 380 and 710 mg/L against E. carotovora, R. fascians, and R. radiobacter and R. solanacearum, respectively.Conclusion:Based on antimicrobial activity, raw plant extracts can be a cost-effective way to protect crops from microbial pathogens. Because plant extracts contain several antimicrobial compounds, the development of resistant pathogens can be delayed.

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Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity of DBD Air Plasma-Treated Banana Fabric Coated with Natural Leaf Extracts

ACS Omega ◽

10.1021/acsomega.0c02380 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (30) ◽

pp. 19034-19049

Author(s):

Mona Vajpayee ◽

Mumal Singh ◽

Lalita Ledwani ◽

Ram Prakash ◽

Sudhir Kumar Nema

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Air Plasma ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Natural Leaf

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Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extracts ofAmomum nilgiricum(Thomas) (Zingiberaceae)from Western Ghats, India

Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature ◽

10.1080/22311866.2017.1357502 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 311-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Narasimha Murthy Konappa ◽

Chandra Nayaka Siddaiah ◽

Soumya Krishnamurthy ◽

Brijesh Singh ◽

Niranjana Siddapura Ramachandrappa

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Western Ghats ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Leaf Extracts

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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.29073 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 474

Author(s):

Shobha Kl ◽

Amita Shobha Rao ◽

Pai Ksr ◽

Sujatha Bhat

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Culture Collection ◽

Anacardium Occidentale ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Leaf Extracts

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of leaves of Anacardium occidentale (A. occidentale) against microorganisms including multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Methods: Agar well diffusion method was employed to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of leaves A. occidentale. Ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves were used against microorganisms, which included American type culture collection strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans, MDR Escherichia coli, and MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results: The ethanolic extract of leaves of A. occidentale showed significant antimicrobial activity. Aqueous extract had mild antifungal activity. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of leaves of A. occidentale could be a good source for the antibacterials to combat MDR bacterial infections. Further studies are necessary for these potent plant extracts to evaluate the in vivo efficacy and toxicity.

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Antimicrobial activity of leaf and root extracts of tough lovegrass

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v7i4.1845 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 420 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adriana Favaretto ◽

Fabiana Tonial ◽

Charise Dallazem Bertol ◽

Simone Meredith Scheffer-Basso

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Reduced Pressure ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Xanthomonas Translucens ◽

Microdilution Broth

This study aimed to evaluate tough lovegrass leaf and root extracts antimicrobial activity. The extracts (plant material: solvent, 1:10) were prepared by maceration with methanol:water (1:1) during ten days followed by a concentration in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure. The extracts were resuspended in water containing 1% of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to obtain a final concentration of 100 mg/mL and then filtered through a sterilizing membrane with 0.22μm. The antibacterial activity of the leaf and root extracts were evaluated against pathogenic and phytopathogenic bacteria by agar well diffusion and microdilution broth methods for the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) determination. The antifungal activity of tough lovegrass leaf and root extracts were evaluated by micelial growth inhibition and conidial germination inhibition. The extracts presented low antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Xanthomonas translucens, but the leaf extracts presented significant antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Drechslera tritici-repentis. The results support the continuity of the study in improving the effectiveness of the active extract for a possible use in pharmacology and agronomy and in attempting to determine the probable active antimicrobial compound.

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DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF CHROMOLAENA SCABRA (L. F.) R.M. KING AND H. ROB.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i9.38835 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 53-56

Author(s):

PAULA ALEJANDRA GIRALDO VILLAMIL ◽

ANDRÉS CAMILO ANDRADE BURBANO ◽

LUIS POMBO OSPINA ◽

JANETH ARIAS PALACIOS ◽

ÓSCAR EDUARDO RODRÍGUEZ AGUIRRE

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Petroleum Ether Extract ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Positive Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of leaf and flower extract in Chromolaena scabra (L. f.) R.M. King and H. Rob., against selected strains of bacteria and fungi. Methods: The agar diffusion method with plate perforation was developed; the microorganisms used were strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium digitatum. Rifampicin was used as a positive control. The evaluation was performed by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zones around the holes. The inhibitory effect of the plant extracts was obtained by its efficiency compared to the positive control. A comparison with fluconazole and ketoconazole was performed to determine how much of the extract is required to cause inhibition of fungal growth from the standard. Results: IC50 was determined by relating the ln of mass evaluated with respect to the square of the inhibition halo; ethanolic extracts of leaves and flowers of petroleum ether with IC50 values of 85.8 mg/ml and 50.3 mg/ml showed the highest inhibitory effect against S. aureus; the extract of petroleum ether and ethanol from leaves with IC50 of 64 mg/ml and 60 mg/ml, respectively. They were effective with A. niger. Leaf petroleum ether extract showed the best relative antifungal activity against A. niger with respect to fluconazole equivalent to 459.51 when fluconazole is 1.0. Conclusion: The extracts with high potential to inhibit the growth of microorganisms were determined to be ether flowers of petroleum and ethanol leaf extracts.

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In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Zodia (Evodia suaveolens) Leaf Extract on Pathogenic Agents Dragon Fruit Plant

Jurnal Biota ◽

10.19109/10.19109/biota.v6i2.6236 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 78-85

Author(s):

Trio Ageng Prayitno ◽

Nuril Hidayati

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Dragon Fruit ◽

Fruit Plants ◽

Pathogenic Agents

The use of antimicrobials from plant extracts has not been used optimally to control pathogenic agents in dragon fruit plants. The purpose of this research was to determine the antimicrobial activity of zodia (Evodia suaveolens) leaf extracts on pathogenic agents of dragon fruit plants in vitro. The research method is laboratory research with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The antimicrobial concentrations of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract used six types including 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% with four replications. The research sample was the leaf of zodia (E. suaveolens), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fusarium oxysporum strain Malang. Test the antimicrobial activity of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extracts on the growth of P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum using the disc-diffusion method and wells method. The research instrument was used the observation sheet of the diameter of inhibition zone indicated by the clear zone. The diameter of inhibition zone data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract significantly inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum (P <0.05). These results recommend zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract as an antimicrobial agent for dragon fruit plant pathogens.

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Antimicrobial, antioxidant and quantitative phytochemical evaluation of the dichloromethane and methanolic leaf extracts of Solenostemon monostychus P. Beauv

World Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences ◽

10.53346/wjapls.2021.1.1.0014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 008-013

Author(s):

Ere Diepreye ◽

Eboh Abraham Sisein ◽

Ovuru German Salvation

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacillus Species ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Microbial Infections ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Dpph Scavenging ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

Solenostemon monostachyus P. Beauv (Lamiaceae family) is an important herb that is widespread in West and Central Africa.The leaves are used in various decoctions traditionally to treat diseases most especially microbial infections associated with the foot. In this study, the phytochemicals (qualitative and quantitative) of the plant were determined. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the plant were also evaluated by standard methods. Results showed alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins phenolics in the methanolic extract of Solenostemon monostachyus. Cardiac glycosides and steroids absent in the methanolic extract were found present in the dichloromethane extract. The quantitative phytochemicals recorded were alkaloids (18.05 ± 0.87%), saponins (11.3 ± 0.56 %), tannins (3.3 ± 0.19 GAE). The antioxidant activity testing showed that the methanolic extract has higher DPPH scavenging ability over dichloromethane extract and standard ascorbic acid. In the antimicrobial activity testing, the cup-plate diffusion method was used and the result showed that the dichloromethane extract inhibited the growth of Bacillus species at concentrations 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml while methanolic extract inhibited the growth of bacillus species only at 100 mg/ml with 5 mm zone of inhibition. However, both methanol and dichloromethane extract showed no antimicrobial activity on the other test organisms such as Psudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion both methanolic and dichloromethane extracts of Solenostemon monostachyus are potential sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant.

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IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CYNODON DACTYLON (L.) PERS. LEAF EXTRACTS. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY BY ZONE OF INHIBITION ESTIMATION

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.52.04.10125 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (04) ◽

pp. 37-41

Author(s):

S. M Pawaskar ◽

◽

K. C. Sasangan

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity

The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of the successive leaf extracts of Cynodon dactylon in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water, against various gram positive & gram negative bacterial strains using zone of inhibition. Both Agar well diffusion method & Agar disc diffusion method were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. The microorganisms used in the test were – Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerac and Enterobacter aerogenes. Two fungal strains - Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were also tested to evaluate the antifungal potential of the said plant extract. The reference antibiotics chloramphenicol & ampicillin (antibacterial); nystatin & clotrimazole and (antifungal) were also tested against these standard microorganisms used in the assay and the results were compared with that of the plant extracts.The results of the study revealed that all the seven successive extracts of the leaf powder of Cynodon dactylon ( L.) Pers. exhibited prominent antimicrobial and antifungal activity against all microorganisms used in the study. The nonpolar extracts i.e. petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and acetone showed the most significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against all tested organisms. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts showing maximum inhibition in the range of 8 mm - 15 mm. This was closely followed by, acetone extract, which showed the inhibition in the range of 9 mm - 13 mm.

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