On the Pinna Illusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baingio Pinna
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Illusion ◽  
Illusory Motion ◽  
Local Motion ◽  
Rotation Effect ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Motion Signal ◽  
First Case ◽  
Counter Rotation ◽  
The One

The Pinna illusion is the first case of visual illusion showing a rotating motion phenomenon. Squares, arranged in two concentric rings, show a strong counter-rotation effect. The inner ring of the squares appears to rotate counterclockwise and the outer ring clockwise when the observer’s head is slowly moved toward the figure while the gaze is kept fixed in the center of the stimulus pattern. The direction of rotation is reversed when the observer’s head moves away from the stimulus. The speed of the illusory rotation is proportional to the one of the motion imparted by the observer. While the way each individual check receives a local illusory motion signal can be explained by the response of direction-selective neurons at the earliest cortical stage of visual processing, the whole illusory rotational motion can be thought to be sensed by the higher cortical area, which collates all the signals provided by the local motion checks.

scholarly journals Assessing Environmental Factors within the One Health Approach

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Sarah Humboldt-Dachroeden ◽  
Alberto Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
First Case ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
The One

Background: One Health is a comprehensive and multisectoral approach to assess and examine the health of animals, humans and the environment. However, while the One Health approach gains increasing momentum, its practical application meets hindrances. This paper investigates the environmental pillar of the One Health approach, using two case studies to highlight the integration of environmental considerations. The first case study pertains to the Danish monitoring and surveillance programme for antimicrobial resistance, DANMAP. The second case illustrates the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk in dairy-producing ruminants in Italian regions. Method: A scientific literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science to locate articles informing the two cases. Grey literature was gathered to describe the cases as well as their contexts. Results: 19 articles and 10 reports were reviewed and informed the two cases. The cases show how the environmental component influences the apparent impacts for human and animal health. The DANMAP highlights the two approaches One Health and farm to fork. The literature provides information on the comprehensiveness of the DANMAP, but highlights some shortcomings in terms of environmental considerations. The AFM1 case, the milk metabolite of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1, shows that dairy products are heavily impacted by changes of the climate as well as by economic drivers. Conclusions: The two cases show that environmental conditions directly influence the onset and diffusion of hazardous factors. Climate change, treatment of soils, water and standards in slaughterhouses as well as farms can have a great impact on the health of animals, humans and the environment. Hence, it is important to include environmental considerations, for example, via engaging environmental experts and sharing data. Further case studies will help to better define the roles of environment in One Health scenarios.

V. Observations and experiments relating to the motion of the sap in vegetables

1714 ◽  
Vol 29 (349) ◽  
pp. 486-490 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Local Motion ◽  
The One

Of Plants in general we may first observe, that they are either Terrestrial, Amphibious , or Aquatick ; and so nearly do Vegetables agree with Animals in most points, except Local Motion and its Consequences, that from the Knowledge of the one we are reasonably led to the Discovery of the other.

Upgraded Railway Front Searchlight Design Plastic Deformations by its Vibrations with Resonance Frequencies

2016 ◽  
Vol 684 ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Rafaelevich Abulkhanov ◽  
Dmitrii Sergeevich Goryainov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Vibration Resistance ◽  
First Case ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
The One ◽  
Electric Lamp

Natural frequencies of the four upgraded front searchlight designs were received in ANSYS software environment. In the first case serial front searchlight incandescent electric lamp was replaced by a LED group which was mounted on the one-piece cylinder backing. The second front searchlight design had the backing which was upgraded by a radial ribs and concentric rigidity ferrules. Analyze of the backing deformation character by vibrations with the natural frequencies established a number of design solutions which make it possible to raise front searchlight vibration resistance. By the front searchlight model were established that the natural frequencies of the searchlight with the one-piece backing appertain to the whole range of the train vibrations. Natural frequencies of the backing with perforation, rigidity ferrules, and radial ribs appertain to the low frequencies of the railway locomotive vibrations spectrum. On basis of devised methodology of analyze of the deformation and natural frequencies of the surface carrying a LED group the vibration-proof searchlight design was introduced and researched.

INHERITED FACTOR-VII DEFECT IN A NEGRO FAMILY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-213
Author(s):  
Helen I. Glueck ◽  
James M. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Homozygous State ◽  
Control Value ◽  
One Stage ◽  
First Case ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

A case of factor-VII deficiency of a congenital nature in a Negro male child has been reported. As far as can be determined, this is the first case reported in this race. The defect was detected at 6 hours of age. Prothrombin, as contrasted to factor VII, after initially low levels normally found in infants, rose to adult levels. The patient's one-stage prothrombin time has ranged between 25 to 35 second (normal 11 to 12 seconds). In spite of this, he has never shown any manifestations of hemorrhage. The patient's family was studied and the findings indicate that the patient's defect represented a homozygous state and that both parents with a less severe deficiency were heterozygous for the trait. The defect is an autosomal disorder directly inherited. It is clinically apparent and easily detected only in the homozygous state. The heterozygous state is characterized by a very slight prolongation of the one-stage prothrombin time, the difference from the control value being so minimal as to be overlooked. In one subject studied, an aunt of the propositus, the quantitative defect (42% of normal) could not be regularly detected by the usual methods. Only by using the plasma of the propositus as the test plasma, was the defect in her plasma detected, thus explaining the transmission of the trait to her offspring. These findings explain the difficulties previously encountered in understanding the inheritance of the disorder.

scholarly journals Midbody: From the Regulator of Cytokinesis to Postmitotic Signaling Organelle

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieva Antanavičiūtė ◽  
Paulius Gibieža ◽  
Rytis Prekeris ◽  
Vytenis Skeberdis
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Intercellular Bridge ◽  
Large Protein ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
First Case ◽  
Tumorigenic Potential ◽  
The One ◽  
And Function ◽  
Protein Rich

Faithful cell division is crucial for successful proliferation, differentiation, and development of cells, tissue homeostasis, and preservation of genomic integrity. Cytokinesis is a terminal stage of cell division, leaving two genetically identical daughter cells connected by an intercellular bridge (ICB) containing the midbody (MB), a large protein-rich organelle, in the middle. Cell division may result in asymmetric or symmetric abscission of the ICB. In the first case, the ICB is severed on the one side of the MB, and the MB is inherited by the opposite daughter cell. In the second case, the MB is cut from both sides, expelled into the extracellular space, and later it can be engulfed by surrounding cells. Cells with lower autophagic activity, such as stem cells and cancer stem cells, are inclined to accumulate MBs. Inherited MBs affect cell polarity, modulate intra- and intercellular communication, enhance pluripotency of stem cells, and increase tumorigenic potential of cancer cells. In this review, we briefly summarize the latest knowledge on MB formation, inheritance, degradation, and function, and in addition, present and discuss our recent findings on the electrical and chemical communication of cells connected through the MB-containing ICB.

The M/G/1 queue with negative customers

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 540-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Harrison ◽  
Edwige Pitel
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Solution ◽  
Single Server ◽  
Negative Customers ◽  
Poisson Arrival ◽  
First Case ◽  
Full Study ◽  
Service Times ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One ◽  
Iterative Solution Method

We derive expressions for the generating function of the equilibrium queue length probability distribution in a single server queue with general service times and independent Poisson arrival streams of both ordinary, positive customers and negative customers which eliminate a positive customer if present. For the case of first come first served queueing discipline for the positive customers, we compare the killing strategies in which either the last customer in the queue or the one in service is removed by a negative customer. We then consider preemptive-restart with resampling last come first served queueing discipline for the positive customers, combined with the elimination of the customer in service by a negative customer—the case of elimination of the last customer yields an analysis similar to first come first served discipline for positive customers. The results show different generating functions in contrast to the case where service times are exponentially distributed. This is also reflected in the stability conditions. Incidently, this leads to a full study of the preemptive-restart with resampling last come first served case without negative customers. Finally, approaches to solving the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind which arises, for instance, in the first case are considered as well as an alternative iterative solution method.

scholarly journals Gazing at the partner in musical trios: a mobile eye-tracking study

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Vandemoortele ◽  
Kurt Feyaerts ◽  
Mark Reybrouck ◽  
Geert De Bièvre ◽  
Geert Brône ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contrasting Cases ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Gaze Behaviour ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The One ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking ◽  
Initial Exploration

Few investigations into the nonverbal communication in ensemble playing have focused on gaze behaviour up to now. In this study, the gaze behaviour of musicians playing in trios was recorded using the recently developed technique of mobile eye-tracking. Four trios (clarinet, violin, piano) were recorded while rehearsing and while playing several runs through the same musical fragment. The current article reports on an initial exploration of the data in which we describe how often gazing at the partner occurred. On the one hand, we aim to identify possible contrasting cases. On the other, we look for tendencies across the run-throughs. We discuss the quantified gaze behaviour in relation to the existing literature and the current research design.

scholarly journals Predictive accuracy of a hierarchical logistic model of cumulative SARS-CoV-2 case growth until May 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Kriston
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Epidemiological Models ◽  
First Case ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
The One ◽  
Models Of Disease

Abstract Background Infectious disease predictions models, including virtually all epidemiological models describing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, are rarely evaluated empirically. The aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive accuracy of a prognostic model for forecasting the development of the cumulative number of reported SARS-CoV-2 cases in countries and administrative regions worldwide until the end of May 2020. Methods The cumulative number of reported SARS-CoV-2 cases was forecasted in 251 regions with a horizon of two weeks, one month, and two months using a hierarchical logistic model at the end of March 2020. Forecasts were compared to actual observations by using a series of evaluation metrics. Results On average, predictive accuracy was very high in nearly all regions at the two weeks forecast, high in most regions at the one month forecast, and notable in the majority of the regions at the two months forecast. Higher accuracy was associated with the availability of more data for estimation and with a more pronounced cumulative case growth from the first case to the date of estimation. In some strongly affected regions, cumulative case counts were considerably underestimated. Conclusions With keeping its limitations in mind, the investigated model may be used for the preparation and distribution of resources during the initial phase of epidemics. Future research should primarily address the model’s assumptions and its scope of applicability. In addition, establishing a relationship with known mechanisms and traditional epidemiological models of disease transmission would be desirable.

scholarly journals The movement of motion-defined contours can bias perceived position

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szonya Durant ◽  
Johannes M Zanker
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Local Motion ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Object Properties ◽  
Accurate Position ◽  
Processing Steps ◽  
Over Time

Illusory position shifts induced by motion suggest that motion processing can interfere with perceived position. This may be because accurate position representation is lost during successive visual processing steps. We found that complex motion patterns, which can only be extracted at a global level by pooling and segmenting local motion signals and integrating over time, can influence perceived position. We used motion-defined Gabor patterns containing motion-defined boundaries, which themselves moved over time. This ‘motion-defined motion’ induced position biases of up to 0.5°, much larger than has been found with luminance-defined motion. The size of the shift correlated with how detectable the motion-defined motion direction was, suggesting that the amount of bias increased with the magnitude of this complex directional signal. However, positional shifts did occur even when participants were not aware of the direction of the motion-defined motion. The size of the perceptual position shift was greatly reduced when the position judgement was made relative to the location of a static luminance-defined square, but not eliminated. These results suggest that motion-induced position shifts are a result of general mechanisms matching dynamic object properties with spatial location.

Guiral Ot Et Le Mouvement. Autour De La Question De Motu Conservée Dans Le Manuscrit Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, 4229

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J.J.M. Bakker
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Local Motion ◽  
Mobile Objects ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article examines the authenticity of an anonymous question on local motion ( Utrum omne quod movetur ab alio moveatur ab eo distincto) extant in manuscript Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, 4229. This quaestio discusses the motion of three types of mobile objects, namely celestial bodies, heavy and light bodies, and projectiles. A comparison of this anonymous text with three questions from the Sentences commentary of Giraldus Odonis (Sent. II, d. 14, qq. 4, 7 and 8) shows that this Franciscan theologian is very likely to be the author of the anonymous question found in the Madrid manuscript, even if the precise relation between Giraldus's questions, on the one hand, and the anonymous question De motu, on the other, remains uncertain. An edition of the anonymous question is given in an appendix.

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