Diffusion Theory in Integrative Approaches

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Kreps
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
General Process ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Doi Model

Diffusion is the process through which new ideas, technologies, products, or processes are spread through communication among members of a social system via communication channels over time. Diffusion is a specialized form of communication that focuses on disseminating information about new ideas, products, technologies, services, or regulations. It is an especially important form of communication because it promotes social progress in the evaluation and adoption of important new ideas to address social issues. Diffusion helps to reduce uncertainty about how to address difficult issues and provides direction for achieving social goals. A large body of research has been conducted from many disciplines on the diffusion of innovations since the original publication of Everett M. Rogers’ seminal book The Diffusion of Innovations in 1962, which is now in its fifth edition (2003). In this book, he introduced the Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) model, which describes a general process of adopting new ideas across multiple populations, cultures, and applications. This research has examined innovations in fields such as agriculture, engineering, sales, education, architecture, technology, public policy, and health care, and has been applied to a range of different issues, such as the adoption of new technologies, consumer purchasing behaviors, and public support for political issues and candidates, but has been especially influential in guiding strategic health promotion. The DOI model has contributed to a greater understanding of health behavior change, including adoption of health promotion recommendations. The model has led to a broad scope of practical applications for promoting public health.

DOI Theoretical Framework

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-166
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Structured Means

Change is not easy! People adhere to old routines and habits tenaciously. Most people are slow to accept new ideas, new products, in short, innovations. When it comes to new technologies that can aid in adaptation to climate change, there is fierce resistance from farmers (to sustainable agriculture), from the fossil fuels industries (to sustainable energy), from developers (to going green), and the list goes on. While a new technology does involve a certain investment of time and money at first, it is cost effective and profitable in the long term. When it comes to sustainability, nothing less than the future of our planet is at stake, so it is incumbent upon us to find a way to “sell” the innovations to the masses. The Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) Theoretical Framework provides an effective, structured means of doing this; its efficacy has been established for hundreds of innovations, and it is particularly suited to technologies.

scholarly journals The Nordic @geing Online project: Co-creating a social application together with older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Nordmyr ◽  
A K Forsman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Online Services ◽  
Online Application ◽  
Development Fund

Abstract Background Online resources present various possibilities for health promotion, also in the growing older adult population. Tailored online services aiming to support social participation among users could potentially promote older adults’ psychosocial health. In the @geing Online project an online application is developed, focusing on access to meaningful social activities among older adults in rural areas in Finland and Sweden. The innovation project (2017-2020) is funded by the Interreg Botnia-Atlantica programme (European Regional Development Fund). Methods A collaborative, user-centred design approach is applied when developing the online application, allowing older potential users and personnel groups from the social and health care sector to evaluate application features in a step-wise process. The inclusion of personnel groups allows for the exploration of the feasibility of introducing the tool in home care services and similar relevant contexts from an organizational perspective. Further, the inclusion of regional IT-companies presents opportunities for them to develop their competence regarding eHealth tools and older adults as a target group. Results An advanced prototype of the application and its core features is presented. Promising approaches and outcomes regarding the co-creation methods applied to ensure the involvement of stakeholders in the development process are elaborated upon. Challenging issues related to the project theme, such as stereotypical and negative views of older adults’ competences and motivation related to application use are also discussed. Conclusions The project highlights possibilities - but also challenges - when co-creating a social application together with older adults, some of whom have no experience in internet use. The gathered project outcomes will provide lessons on the potential of new technologies for delivering health promotion initiatives among older adults. Key messages Tailored online services aiming to support social participation among users provide possibilities for promoting psychosocial health in the growing population of older adults. Application development utilizing a user-centered design approach can be implemented even if the end-users are not familiar with the internet or application use.

scholarly journals Technology and Corporate Social Responsibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8658
Author(s):  
Vojko Potocan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Interdisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Corporate Social

This study examined the importance of technologies in advancing modern organizations’ corporate social responsibility (CSR). Drawing upon environmentalist and technological theories, we analyzed the shift from the traditional development of technology to the development of sustainable technologies for the further sustainable advancement of organizations. Technology has decisively influenced the development of humankind, but its research has traditionally excluded sustainable development issues. Newer technological visions have addressed the incorporation of technologies in all industries more comprehensively to solve social issues related to environmental protection and sustainable economic development. Such an orientation is followed by several conceptual solutions, such as the sustainable use of traditional technologies, development of sustainable technologies, and interdisciplinary treatment of sustainable technology to extend the CSR model. The results of our study have theoretical implications, highlighting the effects of technological development and new technologies on the course of further societal sustainable development. Practical implications include extending CSR’s Triple Bottom model with a technological dimension to improve organizations’ further sustainable operating and behavior.

scholarly journals Contrasting Medical and Legal Standards of Evidence: A Precision Medicine Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Marchant ◽  
Kathryn Scheckel ◽  
Doug Campos-Outcalt
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Standards Of Evidence ◽  
The Individual

As the health care system transitions to a precision medicine approach that tailors clinical care to the genetic profile of the individual patient, there is a potential tension between the clinical uptake of new technologies by providers and the legal system's expectation of the standard of care in applying such technologies. We examine this tension by comparing the type of evidence that physicians and courts are likely to rely on in determining a duty to recommend pharmacogenetic testing of patients prescribed the oral anti-coagulant drug warfarin. There is a large body of inconsistent evidence and factors for and against such testing, but physicians and courts are likely to weigh this evidence differently. The potential implications for medical malpractice risk are evaluated and discussed.

Survey of Information Technologies in the User Environment

2015 ◽  
pp. 84-119
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Interactive Tools ◽  
New Information ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Digital Formats

Along with the shift from print to digital formats, information technologies are significantly affecting today’s libraries. New technologies and concepts such as mobile devices, social networking sites, communication and interactive tools, and other Internet technologies are changing how libraries serve their patrons as well as how users interact with libraries and each other. Each technology has impacted the library user and the user environment so much so that today’s library is said to be everywhere. Wherever the user can go with their mobile device and access the Internet, and therefore the library OPAC, it can functionally be said that they are at the library, for the collection, user services, and library databases is where the library is located, not the brick and mortar structure. This increased access also raises concerns over online information security and privacy, and the conscious Internet user needs to be aware of the dangers and take the necessary steps to mitigate them. The concept of change is another element of these new information technologies—embracing it, for technology is always changing as new ideas spark new revolutions in development and libraries must change along with them. All information institutions must learn to ride these waves of change instead of being pulled along, half drowning, by the undertow. Learning to both integrate and inform patrons on how best to use these technologies becomes an important part of being an information expert. Surveyed in this chapter is a selection of those important and driving technologies and changes.

Ethics of New Technologies

2011 ◽  
pp. 1450-1453
Author(s):  
Joe Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Personal Computers ◽  
Telephone System ◽  
Processing Data ◽  
Network Dissemination

Information processing has been done through telling stories, drawing on cave walls, writing on parchment, printing books, talking on telephones, sending messages via telegraphs, broadcasting on radio and television, processing data in computers, and now by instantaneous network dissemination. Since the mid-1990’s, personal computers have been the instrument of choice for sending and receiving information, and for processing much of it. The technology is the latest in a long series, but social issues involved have not really changed. Issues of content (is it true? obscene?), ownership (whose picture/text/idea? whose parchment/telephone system/ computer?), and impact (anti-government, anti-social, harmful to children) appear today just as they did hundreds or thousands of years ago.

Positive Technology for Helping People Cope with Stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 787-814
Author(s):  
Daniela Villani ◽  
Pietro Cipresso ◽  
Andrea Gaggioli ◽  
Giuseppe Riva
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
General Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
The One

The emerging convergence of new technologies and health care is offering a new approach to support effective interventions. This chapter aims to describe how Positive Technology can help people cope with stress in several contexts. On the one hand, the potential capacity of sensor technologies to offer individuals the technology with which to monitor certain biological signals known to be associated with stress might serve to promote engagement with a mediated experience for stress management. On the other hand, the chapter focuses on the hedonic and eudaimonic experiences supported by technology in terms of inducing positive affective states and supporting personal growth by teaching strategies to reduce stress and enhance well-being. To further connect mediated experiences with real ones, the Interreality approach (IR) allows for the combination of assessment and intervention as inseparable parts of the general process of coping with stress.

Beliefs as Motivational Influences at Stages in Behavior Change

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Baranowski
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Education Practice

A problem for health education practice is how to interest people in making a health behavior change and maintain that interest throughout the behavior change process. Beliefs can provide motivational force for people to perform health behaviors. Five theories: 1) Diffusion of Innovations (DIT); 2) Health Belief Model (HBM); 3) Reasoned Action (TRA); 4) Locus of Control (LOC); and 5) Social Learning (SLT), are reviewed for motivational factors in promoting health behavior changes at each of six stages in the behavior change process: precontemplation, decision, training, initiation, and maintenance. A degree of overlap and complementariness are identified among the theories resulting in a syntheoretical model of beliefs as motivators in the behavior change process. The common emphasis among the theories on expectancies or cost-benefit calculations is highlighted, suggesting several strategies for employing these considerations in health education campaigns. The paucity of motivational ideas for promoting change among the externally controlled—late majority is noted. Further research must be conducted before these ideas should be generally implemented in practice.

scholarly journals A Review of the Evidence for and against a Role for Mast Cells in Cutaneous Scarring and Fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9673
Author(s):  
Traci A. Wilgus ◽  
Sara Ud-Din ◽  
Ardeshir Bayat
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Mast Cell Activation

Scars are generated in mature skin as a result of the normal repair process, but the replacement of normal tissue with scar tissue can lead to biomechanical and functional deficiencies in the skin as well as psychological and social issues for patients that negatively affect quality of life. Abnormal scars, such as hypertrophic scars and keloids, and cutaneous fibrosis that develops in diseases such as systemic sclerosis and graft-versus-host disease can be even more challenging for patients. There is a large body of literature suggesting that inflammation promotes the deposition of scar tissue by fibroblasts. Mast cells represent one inflammatory cell type in particular that has been implicated in skin scarring and fibrosis. Most published studies in this area support a pro-fibrotic role for mast cells in the skin, as many mast cell-derived mediators stimulate fibroblast activity and studies generally indicate higher numbers of mast cells and/or mast cell activation in scars and fibrotic skin. However, some studies in mast cell-deficient mice have suggested that these cells may not play a critical role in cutaneous scarring/fibrosis. Here, we will review the data for and against mast cells as key regulators of skin fibrosis and discuss scientific gaps in the field.

Use of Diffusion of Innovations Theory in Medical Informatics Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred K. Weigel ◽  
R. Kelly Rainer ◽  
Benjamin T. Hazen ◽  
Casey G. Cegielski ◽  
F. Nelson Ford
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations Theory ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Content Analysis Method

The authors examine the use of tenets of diffusion of innovations theory in the medical informatics literature to reveal how the theory has and can continue to provide a basis for scholars seeking to align their research with the theory. A content analysis method was used to examine over 2,000 journal articles from the fields of medical informatics, medicine, and information systems. The authors found that tenets of diffusion of innovations theory were prevalent in the literature. Although several theories are useful in explaining phenomenon in the domain of medical informatics, diffusion of innovation is one such theory that can be applicable to a vast amount of medical informatics research that is focused on new technologies or work processes.

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