Civil Service Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vainius Smalskys ◽  
Jolanta Urbanovič
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Service System ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Career Model

Civil service consists of civil servants and their activity when implementing the assigned functions and decisions made by politicians. In other words, it is a system of civil servants who perform the assigned functions of public administration. The corpus of civil servants consists of people who work in central and local public administration institutions. The concept and scope of civil service in a particular country depends on the legal framework that defines the areas of public and private sectors and their relationship. In many countries, civil service consists of an upper level, a mid-level, and civil servants who work for coordinating, independent, and auxiliary institutions. However, the scope of civil service in different countries varies. When analyzing/comparing civil service systems of different countries, researchers often categorize them as Western European, continental European, Anglo-American, Anglo-Saxon, Eastern European, Scandinavian, Mediterranean, Asian, or African.All European Union member states can be classified into two groups: the career system—dominant in continental Europe, with the prevalence of traditional-hierarchical public administration, rational bureaucracy, and formalized operational rules—and the position system—dominant in Anglo-Saxon countries, with the prevalence of managerial principles, pragmatic administration, and charismatic leadership. Neither of the two models exists in pure form. If features of the career model dominate in the civil service of a country, it is identified as a country with the career CS model; if elements of the position model dominate the country is identified as a country with the position civil service model. An intermediate version of this model, characteristic of a number of countries, is the mixed/hybrid model.Many civil service researchers claim that in the case of two competing systems of civil service—closed (the career model) and open (the position model)—reforms of the open civil service system win. It has been argued that the organizing principles of the open, result-oriented civil service system (the position model), which is under the influence of “new public management,” will permanently “drive out” the closed, vertically integrated and formal procedure-oriented career model. Scholars argue that civil servants of the future will have to be at ease with more complexity and flexibility. They will have to be comfortable with change, often rapid change. At the same time, they will make more autonomous decisions and be more responsible, accountable, performance-oriented, and subject to new competency and skill requirements.

Career Patterns in Administrations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Veit
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Service System ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Career Patterns ◽  
Central State ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Organizational Patterns ◽  
Democratic Systems

Administrative careers are careers of civil servants, who are the individuals working in public administration institutions at different levels (central, state or regional, local) of government. Characteristics of a country’s civil service system determine what administrative career patterns typically look like. In the literature, two ideal-types of civil service systems are distinguished: the career-based system and the position-based system. In countries with a position-based civil service system, administrative careers usually are more diverse than in countries with a career-based civil service system. In most countries, however, intersectoral career mobility of civil servants is rather low. In democratic systems, recruitment and promotion in the civil service is formally based on merit and (with decreasing significance) seniority, while in practice political criteria and representativeness can be important selection criteria, especially for promotion to senior-level positions. As a consequence of their influential role in policy-making in many countries, research on careers in public administrations is mainly focusing on top-level positions: by analyzing the career background of top officials, public administration scholarship aims to understand the determinants of career success in public administrations as well as processes of administrative elite (re-)production and politicization. Findings from empirical studies suggest that political criteria do not crowd out meritocratic criteria in recruitment in most established democracies but that politicization can have severe negative impacts on administrative outcomes in young democracies and developing countries. Comparative empirical studies on administrative careers based on common datasets are largely lacking so far. More systematic comparative studies (across countries and over time) on administrative careers would not only make it possible to understand how larger systemic developments (e.g., administrative reform movements, democratic backsliding) affect mechanisms of recruitment and promotion in the civil service, but also help to better understand the inner mechanisms in bureaucratic organizations (e.g., by identifying organizational patterns of inequality).

scholarly journals Features of personnel management in the public service system of the republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Yu. Kim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Personnel Management ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Service System ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Republic

Object: It is a social relations, developing in the sphere of formation of the civil service in the Republic of Kazakhstan. National and other countries experience indicate that it is impossible to create an effective public service system without developing scientifically based and verified concepts and features of personnel management in the public service system, which would eliminate systemic contradictions in the legal regulation. The growth of scientific interest in the problems of theory and practice of public service has objective grounds of the study. Methods: Methods of grouping and classification, as well as methods of mathematical modeling, were used in the processing and systematization of data. An econometric model was constructed. Findings: While investigating the features of personnel management in the system of civil service of Kazakhstan, it was revealed that the civil service is based on certain principles, on the basis of which it is possible to carry out personnel planning to respond to changes in the needs of the public service. The authors hypothesized, there is a relationship between the indicator "Services in the field of public administration; services in the field of mandatory social security" and the factor "The list number of employees in the field, mandatory social security" and "The average monthly salary of civil servants". A regression analysis was performed to prove or disprove this hypothesis. Conclusions: Based on the analysis we can say with confidence, the hypothesis put forward about the relationship between the indicators in previous stage are confirmed. The authors comes to the conclusion that the staffing of civil servants is a necessary management process, since the effectiveness of the activities of public authorities is largely determined by the quantity and quality of resources for effective public administration

scholarly journals The Dutch Decentralized Unitary State and Its Effects on Civil Service Systems in the Period of the Night Watch, Welfare and Enabling States 1814–2016

Administory ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-154
Author(s):  
Frits van der Meer ◽  
Gerrit Dijkstra ◽  
Toon Kerkhoff
Keyword(s):  
Civil Service ◽  
Service System ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
World War ◽  
Unitary State ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second World ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The central question on our article is: to what extent were the nature and content of merit principles for Dutch civil service systems influenced by the (changing) decentralized unitary state, during the periods of the Night Watch, Welfare and Enabling State between 1814 and 2016? In accordance with the decentralized unitary structure as originally devised by the 19th century Dutch statesman Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, personnel management and regulations were (and are) considered the prime responsibility of each (level of) government. Our article shows how neither in past nor present have there been hierarchical relationships in this area, with the exception of centralized wage settlements after the Second World War until the 1990s. In addition, we argue that civil service requirements have altered due to societal and public sector change. Those changes have become visible in a transition from a Night Watch to a Welfare State and more recently an Enabling State. This transition not only influenced what was expected of the role and position of civil servants at different levels of government in the decentralized unitary state. It also had an effect on what has over time been required of civil servants in terms of knowledge, capabilities, attitude, skills and experience. The article explains how the Thorbeckian decentralized unitary state provided a lasting but flexible format to accommodate these civil service system adjustments.

scholarly journals General characteristics of civil service systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
S.V. Lyubich
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Service Organization ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Transient Model ◽  
Contractual Relationship ◽  
Career Model

The article is devoted to highlighting the general features of different systems of civil service organization. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that Ukraine's participation in globalization and European integration processes reflects the need to study the experience of states that make up the Western legal tradition, which should focus on civil service systems, based on the tasks of the state in democratic societies. Ukraine. It is noted that in the postmodern era there is a need to rethink the classical models of civil service organization, analysis of modern systems of such organization and the formulation of generalized conclusions, their systematization. The purpose of the article is to systematize and generalize the various systems of civil service organization: classical, mixed and modern, available in the European political space. The focus is on the identification of three classic systems of civil service organization that are immanent to the states of the European community: career, job and mixed. The prevalence of the career model in these states is indicated, however, the states do not focus on the characteristics of such a model, using the contamination of individual features of each of these systems. There are such features of the career system of the civil service as strict compliance with the statutory requirements as a condition for career growth of the employee; disregard for experience in the private sector; features of remuneration and pension provision of civil servants; regulation of subordination relations; normative consolidation of rules of conduct for civil servants, etc. The defining feature of the modernization model of the civil service is the management of purely public interests and demands. The transient model assumes belonging to models with open orientation. The postmodernist model is an excellent vision, illuminating a new categorical apparatus (individual values, humanistic principles, openness). A characteristic feature of the mixed model is the contractual relationship between a public employee and a government agency. The significance of the main provisions and conclusions of the study is determined by the possibility of their use in public administration in Ukraine.

Evolution of public administration in the post-Soviet. Turkmenistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 98-118
Author(s):  
ALYM K. ANNAMURADOV ◽  
◽  
OVEZDURDY B. MUKHAMMETBERDIEV ◽  
MURAD O. HAITOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Independent States ◽  
World Class ◽  
New Independent States

The article examines the formation of the statehood of modern Turkmenistan through the prism of historical changes that have occurred in the post-Soviet countries. It is noted that after 1991 all former republics of the USSR built new independent states on a fundamentally different basis – interaction between government and society. The authors emphasize that the establishment of trust between the state as an institution and citizens is possible under certain conditions, among which a special place is occupied by a clear organization of civil service and the professionalism of civil servants. The measures that have already been implemented and are being taken by the leadership of Turkmenistan at the present time to solve these problems are considered. It is noted that Turkmenistan acts within the framework and in accordance with the key world-class standards regarding the requirements for the organization of civil service. The measures taken in the country to combat corruption are analyzed.

scholarly journals Kleinstaaterei im Dienstrecht der deutschen Bundesländer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai Dose ◽  
Felix Wolfes ◽  
Carolin Burmester
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Human Resource Managers ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
German Federal States

With the federalism reform of 2006, the German federal states gained legislative power over their civil servants. This did not only lead to a substantial difference in pay levels but also to fragmented civil service regulations with different degrees of attractiveness. Requests to move to another state have created various problems in the different areas of the civil service. They are partly caused by the fragmented regulations and partly by an informal agreement between the states. By making use of an online survey among human resource managers in the different areas of public administration and 32 case studies of civil servants who either aspire to move to or have moved to another state, this book systematically identifies and analyses civil servants’ motivations for and hindrances to doing so. In this way, it reveals both obstructive and conducive factors which explain mobility. Moreover, the authors put forward some reform proposals.

scholarly journals Structuring the civil service in the context of intergenerational transformation

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Nurgissa KUSHEROV
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Staff Turnover ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic

The article highlights the problems of deep intergenerational transformation in the civil service of the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past decade, offers a new approach to public administration in accordance with the theory of generations, formulating solutions based on the value of each generation. At the same time, frequent staff turnover, self-determination of civil servants, efficiency of civil service and other issues are analyzed in accordance with the concepts of the theory of generations. The article developed empirical recommendations that will serve as the basis for improving some functions of the civil service.

TERMINATION OF CIVIL SERVICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 98-100
Author(s):  
Samira Eldar Mehraliyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The Law

The responsibility of civil servants in public administration in a democratic environment is one of the central issues. The responsibility of civil servants and the grounds and conditions of termination are specified in the Law on Civil Service, which is the main legislative act implementing sectoral regulation, which emphasizes the importance of this issue. The article briefly analyzes the civil service position and civil servant, the legal basis, the concept of responsibility as a legal phenomenon, and the grounds for termination. Key words: civil service position, civil servant, termination, responsibility, restrictions

Evolution of public administration in the post-Soviet countries. The Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-118
Author(s):  
YERLAN ABIL ◽  
◽  
AIGUL KOSHERBAYEVA ◽  
MARIAN ABISHEVA ◽  
AIDANA ALDIYAROVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Training System ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Personnel Training ◽  
Service Personnel ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
The Republic

The article examines and analyzes the process of the formation and development of the public administration system in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Attention is paid to the period after Kazakhstan declared its independence and the Republic’s secession from the USSR in 1991. The article provides a detailed analysis of the three stages of administrative reform aimed at the formation of a modern system of public administration in Kazakhstan; the work also contains a detailed description of the regulatory documents adopted at each stage. The system of training and education of civil servants in the Republic of Kazakhstan is described in detail; the main element is universities, which are the foundation in the system of training civil servants. The system of civil service and civil service personnel training is shown in the context of the socio-economic and political transformations of the Republic, its fundamental legislative acts and regulations, decisions of the country’s authorities, strategies, and state programs. The authors emphasize the close interconnection between the civil service and civil service personnel training system with the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan as an integral and most important part of the state. At the beginning of the article, there is a comparative analysis of the socio-economic development of Kazakhstan, based on information from the official international indices of economic and social development.

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