Lexicalization in Morphology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hilpert
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Holistic Processing ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Cognitive Treatment ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Analytic Processing ◽  
Open Class ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Grammatical Functions

The term lexicalization describes the addition of new open-class elements to a repository of holistically processed linguistic units. At the basis of lexicalization are word-formation processes such as affixation, compounding, or borrowing, which are a necessary precondition for lexicalization. Still, lexicalization goes beyond word formation in important respects. First, lexicalization also involves multi-word expressions and set phrases; second, it includes a range of processes that follow the coinage of a new element. These processes conjointly lead to holistic processing, that is, the cognitive treatment of a linguistic element as a unified whole. Holistic processing contrasts with analytic processing, which is the cognitive treatment of a linguistic unit as a complex whole that is composed of several parts. Lexicalization is usefully contrasted with grammaticalization, that is, the emergence of new linguistic units that fulfill grammatical functions. Finally, lexicalization is also a concept that lends itself to the study of cross-linguistic differences in the types of meaning that are lexicalized in specific domains such as, for example, motion.

His Lordship's -ship and the King of Golfdom. Against a purely functional analysis of suffixhood

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Baeskow
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Distributed Morphology ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Grammatical Morphemes ◽  
Independent Model

For many decades there has been a consensus among linguists of various schools that derivational suffixes function not only to determine the word-class of the complex expressions they form, but also convey semantic information. The aspect of suffix-inherent meaning is ignored by representatives of a relatively new theoretical direction – Neo-Construction Grammar – who consider derivational suffixes to be either purely functional elements of the grammar or meaningless phonological realizations of abstract grammatical morphemes. The latter view is maintained by adherents of Distributed Morphology, who at the same time emphasize the importance of conceptual knowledge for derivational processes without attempting to define this aspect. The purpose of this study is first of all to provide support for the long-standing assumption that suffixes are inherently meaningful. The focus of interest is on the suffixes -ship, -dom and -hood. Data from Old English and Modern English (including neologisms) will show that these suffixes have developed rich arrays of meaning which cannot be structurally derived. Moreover, since conceptual knowledge is indeed an important factor for word-formation processes, a concrete, theory-independent model for the representation of the synchronically observable meaning components associated with -ship, -dom and -hood will be proposed.

ABOUT PROJECTIONS OFTHE MENTAL STRUCTURE INTO LANGUAGE AND SPEECH (on the example ofthe concept-proposition)

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
N.A. Iliukhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Propositional Logic ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Linguistic Activity ◽  
Structuring Knowledge ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Linguistic Units

The author examines, using the example of a concept-proposition, multiple manifestations of the connection between a mental unit and units of a language system, argues that the principle of structuring knowledge, characteristic of a proposition, is found in the semantic structure of a sentence, a word-formation nest, in the logic of lexical metonymy, in the logic of transferring definitions, as well as in the ability of a noun to represent knowledge of a propositional nature in speech, concludes that there is a deep commonality of mental and linguistic activity. The semantic structure of the sentence and the structure of the syntactic proposition are isomorphic to the structure of the mental proposition. The vectors of the transfer of the definition from one term of the sentence to another, as well as to the designation of the entire situation, often have propositional logic and are closed by the framework of one sentence. Propositional logic is observed in many word-building nests, especially consistent with the structure of nests organized by a polyactant verb. Among the verbal derivatives in the nest, the percentage of lexemes that name the components of the corresponding situation is significant, in some cases - all the main components of the situation. At the lexico-semantic level, the projection of a proposition on the phenomenon of metonymy is described. Among the models of transference, a variety is highlighted, called propositional metonymy. It includes transfers of the name, the vectors of which (shift of the focus of attention) reflect the structure of the proposition. Another manifestation of the connection between a proposition and linguistic units, considered in the article, is the facts of using a single noun in speech of any lexical and grammatical semantics to represent all situations of any structural complexity. The realized perspective of the research (from the mental unit to linguistic units and processes that reveal with it a certain isomorphism in the logic of categorization and conceptualization of knowledge) allows us to reveal an important line of interaction between the mental and linguistic levels.

Translanguaging sequel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriko Sato
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
Political Dispute ◽  
Japanese Translation

Abstract The paper examines the products of interlingual and intralingual translanguaging and qualitatively analyzes three origin-based lexical varieties in Japanese, wago (native Japanese words), kango (Sino-Japanese words), and gairaigo (foreign loanwords other than kango) in terms of how they have been complementing, competing against, or being in conflict with each other, how they engage word-formation processes as deep as morpheme-levels, and how they are perceived and manipulated by language users, including translators. This study shows that translanguaging has been practiced recursively and multi-directionally over a long period of time, yielding the phenomenon ‘translanguaging sequel’. The qualitative study of a Japanese translation of a Korean poem reveals a translator’s ideology-driven translanguaging practice that crosses not only interlingual but also intralingual boundaries, causing an international socio-political dispute. This study supports the view that translanguaging has been shaping and reshaping the norms of languages and language use. It also suggests the benefits of analyzing the products and traces of translanguaging in translated texts as well as the process of translanguaging during translation activities that can be promoted and implemented in language classrooms.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF SLANG WORDS FORMATION FOUND IN THE LYRICS OF DRAKE’S SONGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.P.A. Bhuwana ◽  
I.G. Budasi ◽  
G. Mahendrayana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Music Film ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The development of music, film, and other industry of entertainment is stated to contribute to the existence of slang words. There are so many slang words that become popular after they are included in the lyrics of songs. One of them is YOLO (You Only Live Once) which is popularized by Drake. In relation to that, this descriptive qualitative research attempts to find out the types and word formation processes of slang words found in the lyrics of Drake’s songs. By taking the model of document analysis by Bowen (2009) and Qualitative data analysis by Miles and Hubberman (1994), it is found out that there are 190 slang words existing in the lyrics of Drake’s songs. They are respectively categorized into Clipping type (62 slangs), Fresh and Creative type (44 slangs), Compounding type (44 slangs), Imitative type (36 slangs), and Acronym type (4 slangs).

scholarly journals Word-Formation Process on COVID-19 Related Terms as Japanese Language Variation

IZUMI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
Nadya Inda Syartanti
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Disease Information ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Observation Method

This research aims to identify the types of vocabulary in Japanese, to explore the word-formation process, and to analyse the function of COVID-19 related terms conveyed by various content creators on YouTube channels, from Japan and Indonesia. The seven YouTube channel accounts are Aki no Sora (Indonesia), po.n.go_id or Pocket Nihongo (Indonesia), Sakura Pinku (Indonesia), Wagomu (Indonesia), Omoshiroi Nihongo (Japan), Japanese Ammo with Misa (Japan), and Coto Academy (Japan that used as the data source. Data were collected using the observation method and analysed by the distribution method. The results showed that the COVID-19 related terms are dominated by the type of vocabulary kango as the form or type of vocabulary that is most widely used in matching the COVID-19 related term. Among all word-formation processes, the COVID-19 terms in Japanese identified as borrowing, compounding, and multiple processes. However, the multiple word-formation processes are dominated on COVID-19 terms in Japanese. It related to the domination of the type of kango used. From that, there are multiple functions that are included in COVID-19 terms in Japanese, namely disease information, preventive action, symptom, and announcement. Therefore, this research can be contributed to data analysis, which used morphological analysis in Japanese terms.

scholarly journals SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF COGNATE WORD COMBINATIONS IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-71
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Root Word ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Speech Situation

This article describes the derivational potential of root word combinations belonging to the noun, adjective and verb groups in the English and Uzbek languages and their grammatical functional features on the basis of comparative-typological, comparative and distributive methods at the lexical and syntactic levels of the language. Structural models of derivation of verbs, nouns and adjectives in the English and Uzbek languages and their features are considered based on component analysis, as well as morphological factors that ensure the completeness of derivation, their distinctive and similar features in both languages, the role and importance in the formation of verbal compounds is analyzed in detail. The article also identifies the factors that ensure the transposition of root verbs, nouns and adjectives in English and Uzbek, and describes their structural-functional and contextual-semantic analysis at the required level. Until today’s period of development of linguistics, many problematic processes related to the language system have been studied and researched. This situation can be observed both in the context of world linguistics and in the context of Uzbek linguistics. Linguistics, like all sciences, is constantly evolving. Due to this, it is natural that there are still problematic processes in this sphere today. The fact that the phenomenon of derivation less researched in the context of root words can be related to such problems, because in both English and Uzbek linguistics the problem of derivation of root words is not studied at the required level. Any new word that exists in a language takes its initial form from speech, and thus the speech dependence of the word formed ends, because the next life of a derived word goes on in a language. That is, the derived word takes its place in the paradigm of its own analogical forms after being tested in social speech activity for a certain period of time. Only derivatives that have fully passed such tests will receive the status of a language unit and, like their other paradigms, will begin to function as a means of enriching the language with new constructions. It is well known that the derivational sequence of linguistic units cannot be fully understood only on the basis of grammatical research, because word formation in its extralinguistic basis is a product of speech activity. Since related words are considered not as a finished product of the language, but as a product of speech, since they are artificial words, in speech they are activated only in the form in which they are adapted for communication. In some places, depending on the need for speech, we can also observe cases where two or more related words are involved in the process of communication or in context. In this article, the works of English and Uzbek writers are selected as a source, as well as the degree of influence of the speech situation of both languages on the choice of words is studied and scientifically substantiated on the examples taken for analysis. As a result of syntactic-semantic analysis of root word combinations in the English language, on the basis of a detailed analysis, it was shown that root words can be combined with other words in speech, forming various models.

scholarly journals English Slang: a word-formation perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Lucia Gallová ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Individual Word ◽  
The Individual

This paper examines the word-formation processes which are used in English slang. It does so by presenting the word-formation analysis of a sample of words selected from the online Urban Dictionary (UD). The words under investigation come from three semantic groups from the UD, specifically COLLEGE, DRUGS and FOOD. The focus is also on the comparison of the use of word-formation processes in this sample of slang words and in Standard English. The results propose an overview of the individual word-formation processes occurring in the sample. They also suggest that, to some extent, in this sample, slang uses word-formation processes in the same way as Standard English, however, in certain cases it diverges from the language’s traditional use.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document