Association of plasma FGF21 levels with muscle mass and muscle strength in a national multicentre cohort study: Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study

Abstract Background despite of the beneficial effects of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 in several metabolic diseases, the association of plasma FGF21 with muscle mass and muscle strength is still unclear. Methods a total of 386 community-dwelling older adults aged 70–84 years were analysed. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and normalised to the square of height (ASM/ht2). Muscle strength was assessed using the hand grip strength (HGS) test. The definitions of low muscle mass (LMM) and low muscle strength (LMS) were based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Results plasma FGF21 was significantly lower in participants with LMM than in those with normal muscle mass (289.7 [192.4–448.3] vs. 345.6 [238.6–503.2] pg/ml, P = 0.008). In contrast, the LMS group had a significantly higher plasma FGF21 level than the normal muscle strength group (369.7 [244.4–591.1] vs. 309.7 [205.3–444.8] pg/ml, P = 0.006). In the partial correlation analysis, following adjustment for age, sex and body mass index, FGF21 levels had no significant association with ASM/ht2, but were negatively associated with HGS (r = −0.112, P = 0.029). Furthermore, after multivariate adjustment for confounding variables, the odds ratio for the risk of LMS was 2.32 (95% confidence interval 1.20–4.46) when comparing the highest with the lowest FGF21 quartile. Conclusions circulating FGF21 levels are negatively associated with muscle strength but are not independently correlated with muscle mass.

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Prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults using the definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2: findings from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afz091 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 910-916 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Miji Kim ◽

Chang Won Won

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Older People ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Working Group ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

European Working ◽

Definition Of ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background in October 2018, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) updated their original definition of sarcopenia to reflect the scientific and clinical evidence that has accumulated over the last decade. Objective to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in a large group of community-dwelling older adults using the EWGSOP2 definition and algorithm. Design a cross-sectional study. Setting the nationwide Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). Subjects a total of 2,099 ambulatory community-dwelling older adults, aged 70–84 years (mean age, 75.9 ± 4.0 years; 49.8% women) who were enrolled in the KFACS. Methods physical function was assessed by handgrip strength, usual gait speed, the five-times-sit-to-stand test, the timed up-and-go test, and the Short Physical Performance Battery. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results according to the criteria of the EWGSOP2, the sarcopenia indicators of combined low muscle strength and low muscle quantity were present in 4.6–14.5% of men and 6.7–14.4% of women. The severe sarcopenia indicators of combined low muscle strength, low muscle quantity and low physical performance were present in 0.3–2.2% of men and 0.2–6.2% of women. Using the clinical algorithm with SARC-F as a screening tool, the prevalence of probable sarcopenia (2.2%), confirmed sarcopenia (1.4%) and severe sarcopenia (0.8%) was low. Conclusions the prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older individuals varied depending on which components of the revised EWGSOP2 definition were used, such as the tools used to measure muscle strength and the ASM indicators for low muscle mass.

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Augmentation Index Is Inversely Associated with Skeletal Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Anaerobic Power in Young Male Adults: A Preliminary Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11073146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 3146

Author(s):

Dongmin Lee ◽

Kyengho Byun ◽

Moon-Hyon Hwang ◽

Sewon Lee

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Increased Risk

Arterial stiffness is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that there is a negative correlation between arterial stiffness and variables such as skeletal muscle mass, muscular strength, and anaerobic power in older individuals. However, little research has been undertaken on relationships in healthy young adults. This study presents a preliminary research that investigates the association between arterial stiffness and muscular factors in healthy male college students. Twenty-three healthy young males (23.9 ± 0.5 years) participated in the study. The participants visited the laboratory, and variables including body composition, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, blood parameters, grip strength, and anaerobic power were measured. Measurements of augmentation index (AIx) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were performed to determine arterial stiffness. There were significant positive correlations among skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and anaerobic power in healthy young adult males. AIx was negatively associated with a skeletal muscle mass (r = −0.785, p < 0.01), muscular strength (r = −0.500, p < 0.05), and anaerobic power (r = −0.469, p < 0.05), respectively. Likewise, AIx@75 corrected with a heart rate of 75 was negatively associated with skeletal muscle mass (r = −0.738, p < 0.01), muscular strength (r = −0.461, p < 0.05), and anaerobic power (r = −0.420, p < 0.05) respectively. However, the baPWV showed no correlation with all muscular factors. Our findings suggest that maintaining high levels of skeletal muscle mass, muscular strength, and anaerobic power from relatively young age may lower AIx.

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Correlation between Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass, and Their Association with Walking Speed, in Community-Dwelling Elderly Japanese Individuals

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0111810 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e111810 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Itsushi Hayashida ◽

Yoshimi Tanimoto ◽

Yuka Takahashi ◽

Toshiyuki Kusabiraki ◽

Junko Tamaki

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Elderly Japanese

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Association between appendicular skeletal muscle mass and depressive symptoms: Review of the cardiovascular and metabolic diseases etiology research center cohort

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 238 ◽

pp. 8-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ji Eun Heo ◽

Jee-Seon Shim ◽

Bo Mi Song ◽

Hye Yoon Bae ◽

Ho Jae Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Research Center ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass

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Assessment of appendicular skeletal muscle mass by bioimpedance in older community-dwelling Korean adults

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics ◽

10.1016/j.archger.2013.11.002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 303-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Jung Hee Kim ◽

Sung Hee Choi ◽

Soo Lim ◽

Ki Woong Kim ◽

Jae Young Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Korean Adults ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass

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Effects of physical activity interventions in frail and prefrail community-dwelling people on frailty status, muscle strength, physical performance and muscle mass—a narrative review

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift ◽

10.1007/s00508-019-1484-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 131 (11-12) ◽

pp. 244-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sandra Haider ◽

Igor Grabovac ◽

Thomas E. Dorner

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Frailty Status ◽

Physical Activity Interventions

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Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Valencia, Spain

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17239130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (23) ◽

pp. 9130

Author(s):

Carlos Guillamón-Escudero ◽

Angela Diago-Galmés ◽

Jose M. Tenías-Burillo ◽

Jose M. Soriano ◽

Julio J. Fernández-Garrido

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

European Working ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽

Different Populations

This study is an observational and cross-sectional study on the prevalence of sarcopenic disease in 202 autonomous older adults; 18.8 and 81.2% were men and women, respectively, living in their own homes in Valencia, Spain. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the criteria and cutting points for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), using the tests: SARC-F, grip strength, sit-to-stand, gait speed, appendicular skeletal muscle mass and short physical performance battery. According to the EWGSOP2 criteria, probable sarcopenia was present in 21.1% and 18.3% of men and women, respectively, and the sum of confirmed and severe sarcopenia was 7.9% and 7.3% in men and in women, respectively. A relationship was shown between the prevalence of the disease and the age of the participants, but no significant differences were found between the sum of confirmed and severe sarcopenia between the sexes, nor a relationship between the amount of muscle mass and the strength of grip. The SARC-F questionnaire diagnosed 40% of the sarcopenia cases present in the study. More thorough research is needed to continue using the EWGSOP2 criteria in different populations to establish a correct prevalence of sarcopenic disease in different populations of the world.

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Nutritional Intervention to Prevent the Functional Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092820 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2820

Author(s):

Julie Mareschal ◽

Laurence Genton ◽

Tinh-Hai Collet ◽

Christophe Graf

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Health Concern ◽

The Impact ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Aging is a global public health concern. From the age of 50, muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance tend to decline. Sarcopenia and frailty are frequent in community-dwelling older adults and are associated with negative outcomes such as physical disability and mortality. Therefore, the identification of therapeutic strategies to prevent and fight sarcopenia and frailty is of great interest. This systematic review aims to summarize the impact of nutritional interventions alone or combined with other treatment(s) in older community-dwelling adults on (1) the three indicators of sarcopenia, i.e., muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance; and (2) the hospitalization and readmission rates. The literature search was performed on Medline and included studies published between January 2010 and June 2020. We included randomized controlled trials of nutritional intervention alone or combined with other treatment(s) in community-living subjects aged 65 or older. In total, 28 articles were retained in the final analysis. This systematic review highlights the importance of a multimodal approach, including at least a combined nutritional and exercise intervention, to improve muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, in community-dwelling older adults but especially in frail and sarcopenic subjects. Regarding hospitalization and readmission rate, data were limited and inconclusive. Future studies should continue to investigate the effects of such interventions in this population.

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