scholarly journals Apple, Campylomma Control on ‘Golden Delicious’, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-30
Author(s):  
M. E. Reding ◽  
E. H. Beers
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fruit Damage

Abstract The experiment was performed in a ‘Golden Delicious’ orchard containing trees 4 to 5 m tall. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with seven treatments and four single-tree replicates. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer to point of drip at 300 psi. Application rates were based on 400 gpa. The Lorsban 4E + dormant oil treatment was applied at half-inch green (29 Mar). All other treatments were applied at pink (7 Apr). MPB nymphs were sampled from 2 limbs of each replicate tree on each sampling date with the mean of the 2 samples representing that replication. A beating tray with black cloth (45 cm × 45 cm) was held beneath a limb that was struck sharply three times and the number of nymphs was then counted. Fruit damage evaluations were conducted 16 Jun and 2 Sep, just before commercial harvest. Eighty fruit per replicate were examined visually on the tree for MPB damage. Fruit with one or more stings were classed as damaged.

scholarly journals Insecticide Evaluation, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Henry W. Hogmire ◽  
Tim Winfield ◽  
Chris Grove ◽  
Kate Collins ◽  
Jill Jilek
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Binocular Microscope ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Old Trees

Abstract This experiment was conducted in a 5.4 acre block of 39-yr-old trees, which measured 16.5 ft. in height antl 23 ft. in width and were planted 20 × 40 ft. apart. The experimental design for the first 7 treatments and the check consisted of 6 single-tree plots (3 ‘Rome Beauty’, 3 ‘Golden Delicious’) in a randomized block design. The experimental design for treatments of S-71639 and Fenoxycarb consisted of 3 replications of 9-tree plots (3 rows × 3 trees/row) in a randomized block design, with insect data taken from the center tree (‘Rome Beauty’) in each plot. Insecticides were applied with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer which traveled at 2.4 mph. A spray volume of 300 gpa was used in the delayed dormant application of oil in the first treatment, with all other treatments applied at 100 gpa. Dates of application were 14 Apr (delayed dormant [DD]), 24 Apr (prepink [PP]), 14 May (petal fall [PFJ), 27 May (first cover [1C]), 14 Jun (second cover [2C]), 29 Jun (third cover [3C]), 15 Jul (fourth cover [4CD, 30 Jul (fifth cover [5C]), 12 Aug (sixth cover [6C]), 26 Aug (seventh cover [7C]), and 8 Sep (eighth cover [8C]). Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Bayleton, Captan, Dodine, Kocide, NAA, Nova, Streptomycin, Topsin-M, and Ziram. Control of SA was evaluated by counting aphids on the most infested leaf on each of 10 terminals from the periphery of each tree. Treatment effect against STLM was determined by counting mines observed on the periphery of trees during a 5 min period. Effect of treatments against RLH and WALH was determined by counting nymphs on 25 leaves selected from the tree periphery. ERM control was evaluated by sampling 25 leaves from the periphery of each tree, removing mites with a mitebrushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. Control of fruit-feeding insects was determined by scoring for injury 100 picked apples/replication plus up to 100 drop apples/replication on 22 Sep. Fruit picked (100/tree) from 3 replications of ‘Golden Delicious’ trees were rated for finish as 0 (no russet), 1 (enlarged and raised lenticels), 2 (1-10% russeted surface), 3 (11-25% russeted surface), 4 (26-50% russeted surface), or 5 (>50% russeted surface).

Comment on “Three Aspects of Cognitive Development”

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Asher
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regression Toward The Mean ◽  
Two Age Groups

In Exp. 2 of Siegler's 1976 study a faulty quasi-experimental design was used. The stated results, that older and younger children with apparently equal initial performance derived different benefits from identical experience, can also be explained by a confounding with regression toward the mean. These effects are a result of a selective matching of subjects from two age groups on a fallible variable correlated with age.

scholarly journals SPRAY APPLICATIONS TO TOMATO PLANTS IN GREENHOUSES. PART 2: EFFECT OF SPRAY LANCE TYPE

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Cerruto ◽  
Giuseppe Emma ◽  
Giuseppe Manetto
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Internal Layer ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Mean

The present paper reports the results of some spray application trials carried out in a greenhouse with full developed tomato plants to assess foliar deposition, ground losses, and dermal operator exposure when using handheld high pressure spray lances and when walking backwards during treatments. Two spray lance types (conventional with one nozzle and Yamaho C-6 with two steel nozzles, each with two orifices) and two working pressures (10 and 20 bar) were taken into consideration. An experimental design with two factors (spray lance and pressure) was adopted, arranged according to a randomised block design with three replicates. Volume application rates ranged from 775 up to 1252 L/ha, but all data were normalised to 1000 L/ha. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the mean foliar deposition between the two spray lances and the two working pressures. However, the higher pressure improved significantly the deposit into the internal layer of the canopy (+57%), whereas the Yamaho C-6 spray lance produced a higher deposit on the external layer at any pressure. The greatest differences between external and internal layer were mainly concentrated in the middle and high parts of the canopy, where there were 55 007_Cerruto(557)_49 18-11-2009 11:59 Pagina 55 the highest values of LAI and number of foliar layers. The fraction of the applied volume rate on the ground was on average 25 percent and it was affected only by the pressure value: it increased from 21.7 to 28.7 percent when the pressure increased from 10 to 20 bar, due mainly to the contribution of the conventional spray lance under the sprayed twin-rows. Finally, neither pressure nor spray lance type affected significantly the dermal operator exposure. Upper limbs accounted for 51 percent of the total exposure, while trunk and lower limbs accounted for 24 percent each. The body parts more exposed were the left arm and the hands, but also relatively high was the deposit on the respirator, so operators should ever wear appropriate personal protective equipment.

scholarly journals Teaching Wh-Question To Young Learners Through Picture For Sekami Of Paroki Roh Kudus Tomohon

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Tuilan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Objective Test ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean

This study intends to find out the effectiveness of using picture as teaching media in teaching WH-Question. The Subject consisted of 10 young aged students attending SEKAMI during the period November 2018 – February 2019. The data were collected through objective test pre-experimental design of one group pre-test post-test. The data were analyzed based on descriptive statistics, in which the mean of pre-test was compared to the mean of post-test. The finding shows that students improved their achievement after being treated with picture. The mean of post-test is higher than the mean of pre-test (X2 is higher than that of X1 = 82.5 > 61.5). This indicates that the use of picture as a teaching media was interesting and made the students easy to understand the situation that had been explained to them. Keywords: WH-Question, Young learners, teaching through picture.

scholarly journals The Use of Crossword Puzzle towards the Students Vocabulary

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Dewi Nopitasari ◽  
Nurteteng Nurteteng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
First Grade ◽  
T Test ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Crossword Puzzle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Crossword Puzzles

Vocabulary is an important one of the language components that should be learnt by students, so they can master the English well. This research is conducted to know the student vocabulary improving after taught using crossword puzzles. The research used pre-experimental design which is need an experimental class. The sample of this research is the first grade of SMAN 5 Makassar which consist of 20 students. In collecting the data, the researcher used vocabulary test that has administered in pretest and posttest. The result showed that the mean score in posttest was 76.75 that is higher than the mean score in pre-test was 55.5. The score of t-test was 0.02 was smaller than α (0.05). It can be said that using puzzles can improve the students’ vocabulary mastery.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING METHOD TO REDUCING STUDENTS ANXIETY IN LEARNING MATH AT GRADE VII SMP NEGERI 1 BAUBAU

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwarni La Usa
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Round Numbers ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Research Show

The problem of this research is whether the application of cooperative learning method is effective in reducing student’s anxiety in learning Math at grade VII at the topic of round numbers. The objective of the research is to know the effectiveness of cooperative learning in reducing student’s anxiety in learning Math at the topic of round numbers at grade VII SMP Negeri 1 Baubau. This research is descriptive quantitative by applying quasi experimental design. The sample taken consisted of 54 students which is each group consisted of 27 students. The instrument used in this research is test. The result of the research show that (1)The mean score of students learning in Math in experimental group before treatment is 56,48 with standard of deviation is 18,65 and after treatment is 83,70 with standard of deviation is 15,54. (2)The mean score of students learning in Math in control group before treatment is 56,67 with standard of deviation is 17,26 and after treatment is 73,51 with standard of deviation is 17,58. (3)Based on the mean score of students result in learning who is taught through those model of learning and seeing the result of statistic inferential of t test shows that learning through cooperative learning method is more effective to reduce students anxiety in learning Math.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of employing the enrichment activities of mental thinking on the development of thinking and mathematical achievement among the students of the second cycle Education has been essential: فاعلية توظيف الأنشطة الإثرائية للتفكير الذهني في تنمية التفكير والتحصيل الرياضي لدى طلاب الحلقة الثانية من التعليم الأساسي

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salim Ahmed Saif Al-rashdi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Mathematical Thinking ◽  
Achievement Test ◽  
Cognitive Achievement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

    The present study aimed at uncovering the effectiveness of employing the enrichment activities for mental thinking on the development of mathematical thinking and achievement among Grade 7 students. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the semi experimental design known as the design of the control group with the tribal and remote tests. In light of the experimental design, the average Grade 7 students tested the sample of the study in the second semester of 30 students who were divided into 15 students for the experimental group and 15 students for the control group after checking the validity and stability of the tools. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference at (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the cognitive achievement test related to the unit of Engineering in the second semester and the mathematical thinking test for the average of the experimental group. The results also showed a statistically significant difference) between the average scores of the experimental group students in the tribal and remote applications in the cognitive achievement test and the mathematical thinking test, and in favor of the average post-implementation. In the light of these results, the study presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.   ، ، ، ،

scholarly journals Aplikasi Web Cek Riska sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Ibu Mendeteksi Dini Risiko Tinggi Kehamilan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Putu Martini ◽  
Irna Nursanti ◽  
Giri Widakdo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Web Application ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Pregnancy

This study aimed to determine the effect of the risk checks web application on the knowledge of mothers to detect high risk early in pregnancy. The research design used in this study was a quasi-experimental design with one group design without control. The results showed that the mean difference before and after the intervention was 13.00, with a p-value of 0.000. In conclusion, the risk check web application can increase mothers' knowledge to detect high risk early in pregnancy.   Keywords: Web Application, High-Risk Pregnancy

scholarly journals Effects of repeated phosphorus fertilisation on field crops in Finland 2.Sufficient phosphorus application rates on silty and sandy soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SAARELA ◽  
H. HUHTA ◽  
P. VIRKAJÄRVI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Yield ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Application ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilisation ◽  
Annual Application

In order to update fertilisation recommendations for Finnish silty and sandy soils, the effects of repeated phosphorus (P) fertilisation on the yields of cereals, grasses and other crops were measured at ten sites for 9 to 18 years. Results of some earlier studies were also used in examining the relationships of the yield responses to applied P and to the soil test values measured by the Finnish ammonium acetate method (PAc). Significant effects of P fertilisation were observed at all sites that had low or medium PAc values; in the case of potatoes, even at sites with fairly high values. The mean relative yield without applied P divided by yield with 60 or 45 kg P ha-1 of the ten sites was 81% (mean PAc 11.6 mg dm-3) varying from 55% at the PAc value of 4.7 mg dm-3 to 100% at the highest PAc values. In order to achieve a relative yield of 97%, which is considered the optimum for cereals and leys, the required mean annual application of P in the later parts of the experiments was 25 kg ha-1 (variation 0-42 kg ha-1). On the six soils that had low or medium PAc values (4.5-9.1 mg dm-3, mean 8.0 mg dm-3), relative yield was 97% at the P application rate of 35 kg ha-1 (variation 22-42 kg ha-1), while 11 kg P ha-1 (variation 0-25 kg ha-1) sufficed on the four soils that had higher PAc values (mean 20.8 mg dm-3, variation 11.7-35.2 mg dm-3). Reasons for the poor availability of P in silty and sandy soils were discussed.;

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS ANALGESIK DAUN GATAL (Laportea Decumana) PADA PENDERITA MYALGIA DI KAMPUNG ATSJ DISTRIK ATSJ KABUPATEN ASMAT PROVINSI PAPUA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Reni Ariastuti ◽  
Kairul Anam ◽  
Idris Yani Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Topical Dosage ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRAKDaun gatal (Laportea decumana) merupakan tanaman berkhasiat obat yang tumbuh subur di provinsi Papua. Efektivitas penggunaan L decumana sebagai antinyeri telah diteliti secara pra klinis maupun klinis. Namun demikian, penelitian dengan pemanfaatan langsung dari L decumana sebagai pereda myalgia pada masyarakat di kabupaten Asmat masih jarang dilakukan maka dari itu penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan melihat efektivitas pemanfaatan L decumana terhadap penderita myalgia  di kampung Atsj Distrik Atsj kabupaten Asmat Provinsi Papua. Desain penelitian menggunakan quasi experimental design, dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest with control design. Sampel sejumlah 40 subjek uji (total sampling) dibagi 2 kelompok : kontrol (tanpa perlakuan) dan perlakuan (daun gatal masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 20 subjek uji. Analisis efektivitas L decumana sebagai analgesik menggunakan uji statistik Mann-Whitney test dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Derajat myalgia yang dialami oleh masyarakat kampung Atsj tergolong sedang sebanyak 19 orang (47,5%) dan berat sebesar 21 orang (52,5%). Rata-rata derajat myalgia pada kelompok perlakuan sebelum pemanfaatan L. decumana sebesar 5,80 dan setelah perlakuan menurun hingga sebesar 2,70. Daya analgetik dari L. decumana sebesar 53,45 %. Rata-rata derajat myalgia pada kelompok kontrol (tanpa perlakuan) awal 5,65 dan akhir sebesar 5,50. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dalam pemanfaatan L decumana  sebagai analgesik pada penderita myalgia di kampung Atsj, distrik Atsj, kabupaten Asmat, provinsi Papua.Perlu dilakukan pengkajian lebih lanjut terkait kandungan zat aktif dan pembuatan sediaan topikal L decumana sebagai analgesik Kata Kunci: Laportea decumana, Myalgia, kampung AtsjANALGESIC EFFECTIVENESS OF LAPORTEA DECUMANA ON MYALGIA PATIENTS AT ATSJ VILLAGE ASMAT PAPUAABSTRACTBackground Laportea Decumana is a medicinal plant that thrives in Papua. Analgesic  effectiveness of L. Decumana has been studied pre-clinically and clinically yet the research with direct utilization of L. Decumana as myalgia patient in Asmat district is still rarely done. Therefore, this research aimed to see the effectiveness of the utilization of L. Decumana to myalgia patient in ATSJ Village, Asmat, Papua. Method The research design uses quasi experimental design, with one group pretest-posttest control design. The number of participants in this research were all 40 participants consisting of 20 participants for experimental group and 20 participants for control group. The effectiveness of L. Decumana as analgesic was measured by using statistical test Mann-Whitney with level of confidence 95%. Result The degree of myalgia experienced by the ATSJ village community was moderate (19 people) (47.5%) and severe (21 people) (52.5%). The mean degree of myalgia in the treatment group prior to the utilization of L. decumana was 5.80 and after treatment decreased to 2.70. The analgesic power of L. decumana was 53.45%. The pretest mean degree of myalgia in the control group was 5.65 and the posttest was 5.50. Conclusion There is a significant influence in the utilization of L decumana as an analgesic in myalgia patients in ATSJ Village, Asmat, Papua. It is necessary to conduct further study related to active substance content and topical dosage form of L decumana as analgesic.Keywords: Laportea Decumana, Myalgia, ATSJ Village

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