scholarly journals Novel Miscanthus genotypes selected for different drought tolerance phenotypes show enhanced tolerance across combinations of salinity and drought treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Stavridou ◽  
Richard J Webster ◽  
Paul R H Robson
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Moderate Salinity

Abstract Background and Aims Water deficit and salinity stresses are often experienced by plants concurrently; however, knowledge is limited about the effects of combined salinity and water deficit stress in plants, and especially in C4 bioenergy crops. Here we aim to understand how diverse drought tolerance traits may deliver tolerance to combinations of drought and salinity in C4 crops, and identify key traits that influence the productivity and biomass composition of novel Miscanthus genotypes under such conditions. Methods Novel genotypes used included M. sinensis and M. floridulus species, pre-screened for different drought responses, plus the commercial accession Miscanthus × giganteus (M×g.). Plants were grown under control treatments, single stress or combinations of water deficit and moderate salinity stress. Morphophysiological responses, including growth, yield, gas exchange and leaf water relations and contents of proline, soluble sugars, ash and lignin were tested for significant genotypic and treatment effects. Key Results The results indicated that plants subjected to combined stresses showed more severe responses compared with single stresses. All novel drought-tolerant genotypes and M×g. were tolerant to moderate salinity stress. Biomass production in M. sinensis genotypes was more resilient to co-occurring stresses than that in M×g. and M. floridulus, which, despite the yield penalty produced more biomass overall. A stay-green M. sinensis genotype adopted a conservative growth strategy with few significant treatment effects. Proline biosynthesis was species-specific and was triggered by salinity and co-occurring stress treatments, mainly in M. floridulus. The ash content was compartmentalized differently in leaves and stems in the novel genotypes, indicating different mechanisms of ion accumulation. Conclusions This study highlights the potential to select novel drought-tolerant Miscanthus genotypes that are resilient to combinations of stress and is expected to contribute to a deeper fundamental knowledge of different mechanistic responses identified for further exploitation in developing resilient Miscanthus crops.

scholarly journals The role of soluble sugars during drought in tropical tree seedlings with contrasting tolerances

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J O’Brien ◽  
Annabelle Valtat ◽  
Samuel Abiven ◽  
Mirjam S Studer ◽  
Robert Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Pulse Labelling ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Tolerant Species

Abstract Aims Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are plant storage compounds used for metabolism, transport, osmoregulation and regrowth following the loss of plant tissue. Even in conditions suitable for optimal growth, plants continue to store NSCs. This storage may be due to passive accumulation from sink-inhibited growth or active reserves that come at the expense of growth. The former pathway implies that NSCs may be a by-product of sink limitation, while the latter suggests a functional role of NSCs for use during poor conditions. Methods Using 13C pulse labelling, we traced the source of soluble sugars in stem and root organs during drought and everwet conditions for seedlings of two tropical tree species that differ in drought tolerance to estimate the relative allocation of NSCs stored prior to drought versus NSCs assimilated during drought. We monitored growth, stomatal conductance, stem water potential and NSC storage to assess a broad carbon response to drought. Important Findings We found that the drought-sensitive species had reduced growth, conserved NSC concentrations in leaf, stem and root organs and had a larger proportion of soluble sugars in stem and root organs that originated from pre-drought storage relative to seedlings in control conditions. In contrast, the drought-tolerant species maintained growth and stem and root NSC concentrations but had reduced leaf NSCs concentrations with a larger proportion of stem and root soluble sugars originated from freshly assimilated photosynthates relative to control seedlings. These results suggest the drought-sensitive species passively accumulated NSCs during water deficit due to growth inhibition, while the drought-tolerant species actively responded to water deficit by allocating NSCs to stem and root organs. These strategies seem correlated with baseline maximum growth rates, which supports previous research suggesting a trade-off between growth and drought tolerance while providing new evidence for the importance of plasticity in NSC allocation during drought.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the economic effectiveness in pepper production in drought conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
B. Arnaoudov ◽  
H. Boteva ◽  
Y. Arnaoudova Y. Arnaoudova
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Conditions

The aim of the study is to select pepper genotypes with increased drought tolerance based on an economic assessment of productivity in conditions of water deficit. The experiments were conducted during 2018-2019 in glasshouse Venlo type in the MVCRI. Two variants of irrigation regime are applied: 100% irrigation norm and 50% irrigation norm according to the technology adopted for this production in eight pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes - lines № 1966, 1917, 1931, 1936, 1928, 1930, C41 and C45, which were cultivated as a substrate culture (PE bag 16 L) without heating. In assessing the economic indicators in greenhouse production of pepper in order to select drought-tolerant genotypes of pepper according to the summary indicator rate of return with the highest economic effect of drought achieved with reduced to 50% irrigation regime are distinguished lines № 1928, № 1966 and № 1931.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Deficit on Morphoagronomic and Physiological Traits of Common Bean Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Leonardo Godoy Androcioli ◽  
Douglas Mariani Zeffa ◽  
Daniel Soares Alves ◽  
Juarez Pires Tomaz ◽  
Vânia Moda-Cirino
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Influence Of Water

Water deficit is considered one of the most limiting factors of the common bean. Understanding the adaptation mechanisms of the crop to this stress is fundamental for the development of drought-tolerant cultivars. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the influence of water deficit on physiological and morphoagronomic traits of common bean genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance, aiming to identify mechanisms associated with tolerance to water deficit. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, arranged in a randomized complete block 4 × 2 factorial design, consisting of four common bean genotypes under two water regimes (with and without water stress), with six replications. The morphoagronomic and physiological traits of four cultivars, two drought-tolerant (IAPAR 81 and BAT 477) and two drought-sensitive (IAC Tybatã and BRS Pontal), were measured for 0, 4, 8, and 12 days, under water deficit, initiated in the phenological stage R5. Water-deficit induced physiological changes in the plants, altering the evaluated morphoagronomic traits. The drought tolerance of cultivar BAT 477 is not only a direct result of the low influence of water deficit on its yield components, but also a consequence of the participation of multiple adaptive physiological mechanisms, such as higher intrinsic water use efficiency, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration, carboxylation efficiency, stomatal conductance, and intracellular concentration of CO2 under water deficit conditions. On the other hand, cultivar IAPAR 81 can be considered drought-tolerant for short water-deficit periods only, since after the eighth day of water deficit, the physiological activities decline drastically.

scholarly journals Screening for drought tolerance in cultivars of the ornamental genusTagetes(Asteraceae)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca Cicevan ◽  
Mohamad Al Hassan ◽  
Adriana F. Sestras ◽  
Jaime Prohens ◽  
Oscar Vicente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Components Analysis

Drought tolerance was evaluated in twelve cultivars of three ornamentalTagetesspecies (T. patula,T. tenuifoliaandT. erecta). A stress treatment was performed by completely stopping watering of plants maintained in controlled greenhouse conditions. After three weeks, several plant growth parameters (stem length (SL), fresh weight (FW) and water content (WC)), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids (Car)), osmolytes (proline (Pro), glycine betaine (GB) and total soluble sugars (TSS)), an oxidative stress maker (malondialdehyde (MDA)) and antioxidants (total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total flavonoids (TF)) were measured. Considerable differences in the evaluated traits were found among the control and drought-stressed plants. Drought stress generally caused a marked reduction in plant growth and carotenoid pigments, and an increase in soluble solutes and oxidative stress. For most cultivars, proline levels in stressed plants increased between 30 and 70-fold compared to the corresponding controls. According to the different measured parameters, on averageT. erectaproved to be more tolerant to drought thanT. patulaandT. tenuifolia. However, a considerable variation in the tolerance to drought was found within each species. The traits with greater association to drought tolerance as well as the most tolerant cultivars could be clearly identified in a principal components analysis (PCA). Overall, our results indicate that drought tolerant cultivars ofTagetescan be identified at early stages using a combination of plant growth and biochemical markers.

scholarly journals Study of Some Mechanisms of Tolerance and Avoidance of Water Deficit in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1503-1512
Author(s):  
Mimouna Zerrouki ◽  
Zineb Regagba ◽  
Ahmed Adda
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Some mechanisms of drought tolerance and avoidance have been studied in eight barley genotypes. These include three local cultivars (Ttichedrett, Beldi, Saida) and five introduced (Malouh, Seg09, Mari29, Awblack, Beecher) which were grown under three different water supply (100% FC, 60% FC, 30% FC). The increase in intensity of the water deficit reduces differently the relative water content among tested genotypes. Thus, in the treatment of 60% FC, this reduction varies between 1% (Beldi) and 6% (Tichedrett, Beecher), while in the lot of 30% FC it reaches the limits of 3% (Beldi) and 18% (Seg09). The results show that plants grown under water deficit (60% CC, 30% FC) accumulate significantly soluble sugars (r = 0.54**) and K+ (r = 0.26**) compared to control plants (100% CC). Thus, under 30% FC, the accumulation of soluble sugars reached values of 195% and 208% observed at Mari29 and Awblack. The accentuation of the water deficit causes a significant reduction of the RWL particularly after 120 mn (r = -0.27**) which is accompanied by an increase of the stomatic resistance (r = 0.53**). To limit dehydration under the water deficit, tested genotypes were distinguished into three groups by adopting avoidance, tolerance or by combining the two strategies.

scholarly journals Drought Tolerance and Application of Marker-Assisted Selection in Sorghum

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1249
Author(s):  
Andekelile Mwamahonje ◽  
John Saviour Yaw Eleblu ◽  
Kwadwo Ofori ◽  
Santosh Deshpande ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Qtl Pyramiding ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security ◽  
Marker Assisted Backcrossing

Sorghum is an important staple food crop in drought prone areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, which is characterized by erratic rainfall with poor distribution. Sorghum is a drought-tolerant crop by nature with reasonable yield compared to other cereal crops, but such abiotic stress adversely affects the productivity. Some sorghum varieties maintain green functional leaves under post-anthesis drought stress referred to as stay-green, which makes it an important crop for food and nutritional security. Notwithstanding, it is difficult to maintain consistency of tolerance over time due to climate change, which is caused by human activities. Drought in sorghum is addressed by several approaches, for instance, breeding drought-tolerant sorghum using conventional and molecular technologies. The challenge with conventional methods is that they depend on phenotyping stay-green, which is complex in sorghum, as it is constituted by multiple genes and environmental effects. Marker assisted selection, which involves the use of DNA molecular markers to map QTL associated with stay-green, has been useful to supplement stay-green improvement in sorghum. It involves QTL mapping associated with the stay-green trait for introgression into the senescent sorghum varieties through marker-assisted backcrossing by comparing with phenotypic field data. Therefore, this review discusses mechanisms of drought tolerance in sorghum focusing on physiological, morphological, and biochemical traits. In addition, the review discusses the application of marker-assisted selection techniques, including marker-assisted backcrossing, QTL mapping, and QTL pyramiding for addressing post-flowering drought in sorghum.

scholarly journals DT2008: A Promising New Genetic Resource for Improved Drought Tolerance in Soybean When Solely Dependent on Symbiotic N2Fixation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Sulieman ◽  
Chien Van Ha ◽  
Maryam Nasr Esfahani ◽  
Yasuko Watanabe ◽  
Rie Nishiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Genetic Network ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Research ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

Water deficit is one of the major constraints for soybean production in Vietnam. The soybean breeding research efforts conducted at the Agriculture Genetics Institute (AGI) of Vietnam resulted in the development of promising soybean genotypes, suitable for the drought-stressed areas in Vietnam and other countries. Such a variety, namely, DT2008, was recommended by AGI and widely used throughout the country. The aim of this work was to assess the growth of shoots, roots, and nodules of DT2008 versus Williams 82 (W82) in response to drought and subsequent rehydration in symbiotic association as a means to provide genetic resources for genomic research. Better shoot, root, and nodule growth and development were observed in the cultivar DT2008 under sufficient, water deficit, and recovery conditions. Our results represent a good foundation for further comparison of DT2008 and W82 at molecular levels using high throughput omic technologies, which will provide huge amounts of data, enabling us to understand the genetic network involved in regulation of soybean responses to water deficit and increasing the chances of developing drought-tolerant cultivars.

scholarly journals Yield components as indicators of drought tolerance of sugarcane

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo de Almeida Silva ◽  
Jorge Alberto Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Juan Enciso ◽  
Vivek Sharma ◽  
John Jifon
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Stalk Diameter ◽  
Stalk Weight

Water deficit is one of the major factors limiting the production of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). A study of the effects of limited water condition on yield components and their relationship with productivity can aid breeding programs in selecting for high yielding genotypes under this condition. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships among the parameters stalk number, stalk height, stalk diameter, and stalk weight with cane yield in sugarcane growing in a field under moderate water stress during its grand growth period, in order to provide information to help breeders in adopting traits for selecting drought tolerant varieties. Seventy-eight genotypes plus two controls, one drought-tolerant and one drought-susceptible, were grown under a moderate water deficit condition in the field in 2005/2006 at Weslaco, TX. Productivity and yield components were measured. Under stress, the tolerant control (TCP93-4245) showed higher productivity, stalk number, stalk height and stalk weight than the susceptible one (TCP87-3388). However, the susceptible control showed higher stalk diameter. Linear association was found between productivity and its yield components, but stalk diameter showed to be fairly unstable among genotypes. Stalk height showed significant correlation with stalk number, stalk diameter and stalk weight. Stalk diameter also showed positive correlation with stalk weight. Therefore, during the selection procedure, when one of these traits is enhanced by drought tolerance, the correlated trait should also increase, making it feasible to select genotypes with high productivity, stalk number, stalk height, and stalk weight under water deficit.

scholarly journals The Value of the Stay-green Traits with Grain Yield of Post Flowering Drought Tolerance in Rabi Sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 059-063
Author(s):  
D. Dev Kumar ◽  
◽  
V. Padma ◽  
H. S. Talwar ◽  
Farzana Jabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Indian Institute ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Plot Design

An experiment was conducted during rabi 2012-13 at research farm of Indian Institute of Millet Research (IIMR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana State, India. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design, replicated thrice, with 10 Sorghum genotypes as main treatment Well-watered (WW) and Water-stress (WS) conditions) to examine the potential of Sorghum genotypes to adapt to the post flowering drought. 10 genotypes are sub-treatments CRS 4, CRS 19, CRS 20, PEC 17, CSV 18, M 35-1, Phule chitra, Phule moulee, EP 57 and CRS 1). Among the four stages viz., 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after flowering (DAF), the GLAR (stay green trait) at 10 DAF had a positive and higher significant correlation with grain yield (r=0.66). So, GLAR at 10 DAF is most appropriate stage to screen for post flowering drought tolerance. Among the yield components, number of grains per panicle, grain weight panicle-1 and harvest index (HI) are significantly and positively correlated with grain yield and therefore it can be ascribed that the genotypes, which partitioned more assimilates into economic parts and in which grain filling is high, recorded more grain yield. The overall yield reduction due to moisture stress during the post flowering drought was 10% and it ranged between 8-12% among the genotypes. This indicates that the genotypes used in the present study are relatively drought tolerant. The genotypes CSV 18 and Phule moulee registered least yield reduction (8%) in grain yield due to post flowering drought followed by PEC 17 and M 35-1 which registered 9% yield reduction. However, the overall grain yield of PEC 17 and M 35-1 was more than CSV 18 and Phule moulee even under moisture stress conditions.

scholarly journals DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF THE NEW SELF-POLLINATED LINES OF MAIZE AND THE METHODS OF ITS ESTIMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
G.Ya. Krivosheev ◽  
◽  
N.A. Shevchenko ◽  
A.S. Ignatiev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Tolerance Index

More than half of the maize crops in the Russian Federation are located in areas with insufficient and unstable moisture. With this in mind, Z. mays breeding for drought tolerance is extremely important. The purpose of the current study is: investigate the drought tolerance of self-pollinated maize lines by various methods, identify the best samples for further breeding, establish indirect criteria for estimating drought tolerance. The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” located in the southern part of the Rostov region, which is characterized by unstable moisture. The years of the study turned out to be dry (Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) = 0.32–0.89). The new self-pollinated lines of maize were used as initial material and studied for resistance to water stress (41 pcs. in 2011–2013, 39 pcs. in 2015–2017, 25 pcs. in 2018–2020). According to the guidelines for maize breeding, the following indicators of productivity were taken into account: number of ears per plant, weight of one ear, 1000-grain weight, number of grains per ear, etc. In 2011–2013, based on the comprehensive estimation, new middle-early drought-tolerant self-pollinated lines of maize ‘DK47111’, ‘SP203’, ‘KS211’, ‘S204’ and ‘S238’ were identified. They were characterized by the low values of residual water deficit both in the flowering (6.9 – 12.8%) and milk-wax (9.0 – 13.4%) stage, high drought tolerance index (68.6 – 85.6%), deep root system (force of uprooting the plants from the ground was 54.0–67.7 kgf), minimum gap in the flowering of male and female inflorescences (1–2 days). In 2015–2017, according to the method of residual water deficit (RWD), the following lines were identified ‘KV334’, ‘RD6’, ‘DS498/217-4’, ‘DS257/85-3’, ‘DS257/85-1’, ‘DS257/85-6’, ‘DS257/85-4’. In 2018–2020, the new self-pollinated lines of maize ‘KS317A’, ‘KV240’, ‘LSh16’, ‘S86’, ‘LSh17’ and ‘LSh2’ showed high resistance to water stress. We recommend the following selection criteria when creating new lines: absence of infertility and kernel percentage of the ears.

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