scholarly journals A-244 Examining the Effects of Computer Operating Configuration on Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics V 4.0 (ANAM4) Reaction Time: A Repeated Measures Approach with Clinical and Research Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1039
Author(s):  
Cole W ◽  
Arrieux J ◽  
Ivins B
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Reaction Time Measurement ◽  
Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Objective Computerized cognitive tests are vulnerable to measurement error due to hardware and software configurations of the administration computer. Though automatic score corrections are often provided to account for this, they may mask subtle individual variations in test performance. We investigated the group and individual impact of correcting for measurement error while accounting for possible order effects using data from a larger study of computer platform effects on reaction time measurement. Methods ANAM4 TBI Military’s Simple Reaction Time (SRT) subtest was administered repeatedly on three different computer platforms. We compare two of those platforms: Platform 1, a Dell D630 configured for ANAM4 TBI Military administration; Platform 3, a Dell E6540 with default settings. A mechanical arm with a preset RT was first used to capture measurement error on each platform. SRT was then administered to healthy US Army soldiers in a randomly selected administration order, such that platform 1 was first and platform 3 was third for n = 58 and platform 3 was first and platform 1 second for n = 53. Results Platform 3 was on average 43.06 ms slower than Platform 1. Group analyses suggested applying a 43.06 ms correction to Platform 3 scores resulted in scores similar to Platform 1. However, it appears there were subtle practice and fatigue effects for some individuals that were possibly masked by the score correction. Conclusion Correcting for error due to computer configurations is important in RT measurement, though there may be subtle individual statistical and clinical implications that are lost at a group analysis level.

scholarly journals Measurement of Reaction Time in the Home for People With Dementia

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Cole ◽  
Mark Mennemeier ◽  
James E. Bost ◽  
Laura Smith-Olinde ◽  
Diane Howieson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Reaction Time Measurement ◽  
Cardinal Symptom

Background: Cognitive decline is the cardinal symptom of dementia. Accurate measurement of changes in cognition, while essential for testing interventions to slow cognitive decline, can be challenging in people with dementia (PWD). For example, the laboratory environment may cause anxiety and negatively affect performance. Material and Method: In healthy people, researchers measure one aspect of cognition, attention, via assessing reaction times in a laboratory environment. This repeated-measures study investigated the feasibility of reaction time measurement in participants' homes using the computerized psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) for PWD. Research questions were (a) Can laboratory controls be replicated in the home? (b) Where do PWD perform PVT trials optimally? and (c) What are the preferences of PWD and their caregivers? Two groups that differed by sequence of testing location completed 12 reaction time assessments over 2 days. Caregiver and person with dementia dyad preferences were examined in a follow-up phone interview. Results: Complete data were collected from 14 dyads. Although there were slight differences in lighting between settings, the time of day, temperature, and sound did not differ. There were no significant differences in PVT performance between the two locations, but the group who tested in the home on Day 1 performed better than the group who tested in the lab on Day 1. All participants preferred home examination. Discussion: It is feasible to measure reaction times in the home. Home testing contributes to optimal performance and participants preferred the home.

Integration of statistical and administrative agricultural data from Namibia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Emily Berg ◽  
Johgho Im ◽  
Zhengyuan Zhu ◽  
Colin Lewis-Beck ◽  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Extension Programs ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Administrative Agencies ◽  
Crop Area ◽  
Using Data

Statistical and administrative agencies often collect information on related parameters. Discrepancies between estimates from distinct data sources can arise due to differences in definitions, reference periods, and data collection protocols. Integrating statistical data with administrative data is appealing for saving data collection costs, reducing respondent burden, and improving the coherence of estimates produced by statistical and administrative agencies. Model based techniques, such as small area estimation and measurement error models, for combining multiple data sources have benefits of transparency, reproducibility, and the ability to provide an estimated uncertainty. Issues associated with integrating statistical data with administrative data are discussed in the context of data from Namibia. The national statistical agency in Namibia produces estimates of crop area using data from probability samples. Simultaneously, the Namibia Ministry of Agriculture, Water, and Forestry obtains crop area estimates through extension programs. We illustrate the use of a structural measurement error model for the purpose of synthesizing the administrative and survey data to form a unified estimate of crop area. Limitations on the available data preclude us from conducting a genuine, thorough application. Nonetheless, our illustration of methodology holds potential use for a general practitioner.

scholarly journals Developmental Delays in Executive Function from 3 to 5 Years of Age Predict Kindergarten Academic Readiness

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Willoughby ◽  
Brooke Magnus ◽  
Lynne Vernon-Feagans ◽  
Clancy B. Blair ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Academic Readiness ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Academic Impairment ◽  
Using Data

Substantial evidence has established that individual differences in executive function (EF) in early childhood are uniquely predictive of children’s academic readiness at school entry. The current study tested whether growth trajectories of EF across the early childhood period could be used to identify a subset of children who were at pronounced risk for academic impairment in kindergarten. Using data that were collected at the age 3, 4, and 5 home assessments in the Family Life Project ( N = 1,120), growth mixture models were used to identify 9% of children who exhibited impaired EF performance (i.e., persistently low levels of EF that did not show expected improvements across time). Compared to children who exhibited typical trajectories of EF, the delayed group exhibited substantial impairments in multiple indicators of academic readiness in kindergarten (Cohen’s ds = 0.9–2.7; odds ratios = 9.8–23.8). Although reduced in magnitude following control for a range of socioeconomic and cognitive (general intelligence screener, receptive vocabulary) covariates, moderate-sized group differences remained (Cohen’s ds = 0.2–2.4; odds ratios = 3.9–5.4). Results are discussed with respect to the use of repeated measures of EF as a method of early identification, as well as the resulting translational implications of doing so.

Test–Retest Reliability, Training, and Detraining Effects Associated With the Dynavision D2™ Mode A Visuomotor Reaction Time Test

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Adam J. Wells ◽  
Bri-ana D.I. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Mode A ◽  
Training And Detraining

Context: The Dynavision D2™ Mode A test (ModeA) is a 1-minute reaction time (RT) test commonly used in sports science research and clinical rehabilitation. However, there is limited data regarding the effect of repeated testing (ie, training) or subsequent periods of no testing (ie, detraining) on test–retest reliability and RT performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the test–retest reliability, training, and detraining effects associated with the D2™ ModeA test. Design: Repeated measures/reliability. Methods: Twenty-four recreationally active men and women completed 15 training sessions consisting of 2 ModeA tests per session (30 tests). The participants were then randomized to either 1 or 2 weeks of detraining prior to completing 15 retraining sessions (30 tests). The training and retraining periods were separated into 10 blocks for analysis (3 tests per block). The number of hits (hits) and the average RT per hit (AvgRT) within each block were used to determine RT performance. Intraclass correlation coefficients, SEM, and minimum difference were used to determine reliability. Repeated-measures analysis of variance/analysis of covariance were used to determine training and detraining effects, respectively. Results: The ModeA variables demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient2,3 > .93). Significant improvements in hits and AvgRT were noted within training blocks 1 to 5 (P < .05). No further improvements in RT performance were noted between training blocks 6 through 10. There was no effect of detraining period on RT. The RT performance was not different between blocks during retraining. Conclusions: It appears that 15 tests are necessary to overcome the training effect and establish reliable baseline performance for the ModeA test. Detraining for 1 to 2 weeks did not impact RT performance. The authors recommend that investigators and clinicians utilize the average of 3 tests when assessing RT performance using the D2 ModeA test.

Utility of Analysis of Variance with Repeated Measures Programs for Estimating Reliability

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Berk
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Theory Of Measurement ◽  
Generalizability Theory ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Program Output

This paper presents a brief description of the generalizability theory of measurement error and its relation to analysis of variance with repeated measures. The intraclass correlation is defined in terms of analysis of variance computer program output. The usefulness of several programs is discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Aircrew Low-Intensity Threat Laser Eye Protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 593-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Reddix ◽  
Matthew E Funke ◽  
Micah J Kinney ◽  
John L Bradley ◽  
Greg Irvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Night Vision ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Eye Protection ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Color Symbol

Abstract Prototype low-intensity threat laser eye protection (LIT-LEP) spectacles were evaluated for US Coast Guard (USCG) cockpits and night vision goggle compatibility. The impetus for interest in aviation LIT-LEP is driven in part by the fact that easily accessible 0.5–2.0 W high-power laser pointers exceed safety standards for direct on-axis viewing. A repeated-measures experimental design was used to assess LIT-LEP performance relative to a no-LEP control for the following tasks: Near- and far contrast acuity, night vision goggle far-contrast acuity, emissive and non-emissive light source color-vision screening, and USCG multifunctional display color symbol discrimination reaction time and accuracy. Near- and far-contrast acuity results demonstrated good LIT-LEP performance for typical in- and out-of-cockpit lighting conditions. Night vision goggle performance suffered marginally at only one contrast level (85%; 20/30 acuity line). Color vision test results showed good color balance in that S-, M-, and L-cone performance did not demonstrate a clinical diagnostic color defect for emissive or non-emissive light sources when wearing LIT-LEP. Color symbol discrimination reaction-time-task results based on inverse efficiency scores revealed that some non-primary flight display colors exhibited a combination of slower speed and decreased accuracy. The findings will contribute to an acquisition decision as well as guide future LEP designs.

scholarly journals Identifying Metabotypes From Complex Biological Data Using PARAFAC

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 882-882
Author(s):  
Viktor Skantze ◽  
Mikael Wallman ◽  
Ann-Sofie Sandberg ◽  
Rikard Landberg ◽  
Mats Jirstrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Tensor Data

Abstract Objectives Research have identified large individual variation in physiological response to diet, which has led to more focused investigations in precision nutrition. One approach towards personalized nutrition is to identify groups of differential responders, so called metabotypes (i.e., clusters of individuals with similar metabolic profiles and/or regulation). Metabotyping has previously been addressed using matrix decomposition tools like principal component analysis (PCA) on data organized in matrix form. However, metabotyping using data from more complex experimental designs, involving e.g., repeated measures over time or multiple treatments (tensor data), requires new methods. Methods We developed a workflow for detecting metabotypes from experimental tensor data. The workflow is based on tensor decomposition, specifically PARAFAC which is conceptually similar to PCA but extended to multidimensional data. Metabotypes, based on metabolomics data were identified from PARAFAC scores using k-means clustering and validated by their association to anthropometric and clinical baseline data. Additionally, we evaluated the robustness of the metabotypes using bootstrapping. Furthermore, we applied the workflow to identify metabotypes using data from a crossover acute post-prandial dietary intervention study on 17 overweight males (BMI 25–30 kg/m2, 41–67 y of age) undergoing three dietary interventions (pickled herring, baked herring and baked beef), measuring 80 metabolites (from GC-MS metabolomics) at 8 time points (0–7h). Results  We identified two metabotypes characterized by differences in amino acid levels, predominantly in the beef diet, that were also associated with creatinine (p = 0.007). The metabotype with higher postprandial amino acid levels was also associated with higher fasting creatinine compared to the other metabotype. Conclusions The results stress the potential of PARAFAC to discover metabotypes from complex study designs. The workflow is not restricted to our data structure and can be applied to any type of tensor data. However, PARAFAC is sensitive to data pre-processing and further studies where differential metabotypes are related to clinical endpoints are highly warranted. Funding Sources This work has been supported by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and Formas, which is gratefully acknowledged.

scholarly journals The Effects of Emotional Content on Phonological Processing in Children Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-444
Author(s):  
Sousan Salehi ◽  
◽  
Ahmad Reza Khatoonabadi ◽  
Mahmoud Reza Ashrafi ◽  
Ghasem Mohammadkhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Time Range ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Emotional Words

Objectives: Stuttering and phonological processing are mutually related. Emotion is an effective factor in fluency and language processing; however, its underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. Event-Related Potential (ERP) is a non-invasive highly-beneficial method with high time resolution for language processing. The present study aimed to explore phonological processing in emotional words in Children Who Stutter (CWS), compared to Typically-Developing Children (TDC). Methods: Ten Persian-speaking CWS (3 girls, 7 boys), aged 7-10 years (Mean±SD = 8.9±0.11) and 10 TDC who are matched in age (Mean±SD = 8.7±0.12) and gender were given 120 emotional words (high-valence low-valence) and neutral words to read. Phonological processing was measured by the aloud reading task, while ERP was simultaneously recorded. The collected results were analyzed as behavioral (reaction time and reading accuracy) and electrophysiological (amplitude and topography). Repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Independent Samples t-test were used for between-group comparisons. Results: The obtained behavioral data included Reaction Time (RT) and accuracy. There were no significant differences between the explored CWS and TDC in RT and accuracy (P>0.05). The mean value of amplitudes presented significant differences between CWS and TDC in language processing areas (P<0.05). The collected results indicated higher mean values of amplitude for neutral words. The distribution highly differed between the investigated CWS and TDC in neutral and negative words. However, there were similarities in positive words in distribution between the study groups. Discussion: The studied CWS and TDC were similar concerning behavioral results. High-valence words in the CWS group presented a higher similar distribution, compared to the TDC groups; however, low-valence words in the explored CWS had a more similar amplitude to the TDC group for neutral words. Then, emotional content facilitated phonological processing in the investigated CWS in the given time range.

scholarly journals Effects of Two-Week High-Intensity Interval Training on Cognition in Adolescents – A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Stenman ◽  
Arto J. Pesola ◽  
Arto Laukkanen ◽  
Eero A. Haapala
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Electronic Messaging ◽  
Larger Sample

AbstractWe investigated the effects of a two-week high-intensity interval training (HIT) on cognition in adolescents.The participants were recruited from local high schools with an electronic messaging system. The HIT group participated in 4 high-intensity interval running sessions and 2 circuit training sessions. The control group (CG) continued their usual habits. Reaction time, choose reaction time, working memory, visual memory, and learning were assessed by computerized CogState test battery. The intervention effect was investigated with repeated measures ANOVA and the effect size by Morris dppc2.The total of 25 participants aged 17–20 years participated in the baseline measurements and were randomized into the intervention (The study on HIT produced mixed effects on cognition in adolescents. Studies with a longer intervention period and larger sample sizes are warranted to further explore HIT effects on cognition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document