A-89 Age at First Psychiatric Hospitalization Predicts Deviation from Expected Cognitive Ability in Psychosis Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1136-1136
Author(s):  
Elmma Khalid ◽  
Erin T Kaseda ◽  
Madison M Dykins ◽  
Milena Y Gotra ◽  
Scot K Hill
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Premorbid Intelligence ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective The present study investigated whether clinical variables related to illness onset (age at symptom onset, diagnosis, first psychiatric hospitalization) predict deviation from expected cognitive ability. Additionally, we examined the potential moderating effect of psychosis groups (“biotypes”). Method Cognitive ability was predicted based on demographic variables and estimated premorbid intelligence modeled in controls. The degree to which current cognitive ability (based on Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia) deviated from predicted ability was computed in 362 schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar with psychosis patients recruited from the community (Mage = 39.11; 52.2% male; 41.7% White, 41.4% Black, 16.9% Other). Linear regression assessed the relationship between illness onset and deviation scores and moderation analysis was performed using moderated multiple regression. Results Only age at first psychiatric hospitalization predicted deviation scores (F(1,328) = 3.93, p < 0.05), such that younger individuals had a greater deviation from expected cognitive ability. The full moderated regression model significantly predicted deviation scores (F(5,330) = 14.05, p < 0.001), and there was a significant effect of age at first psychiatric hospitalization and deviation scores only for biotype 3 (t = 7.37, p < 0.001). Discussion Findings suggest that severity of illness at a younger age (requiring hospitalization), rather than earlier symptom onset, may be a risk factor for greater disruption of cognitive development. The association between group membership in biotype 3 (characterized by less cognitive impairment) and lower deviation scores may reflect reduced variability in deviation scores and less disruption of cognitive abilities than other biotypes. When assessing psychosis spectrum patients, clinicians should consider how factors related to illness onset and severity may impact developmental cognitive trajectories.

The overlapping geography of cognitive ability and chronotype

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Przemyslaw Ujma ◽  
Emil O. W. Kirkegaard
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
City Size ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
The Relationship

Chronotype and cognitive ability are two psychological phenotypes with an uneven geographical distribution due to both selective migration and causal environmental effects. In our study we aimed to unravel the relationship between geographical variables, cognitive ability and chronotype. We used a large anonymized sample (N=25700) of dating site users to estimate chronotype and cognitive ability from questionnaire responses using item response theory. We matched each user to geographical coordinates and city size using the reported locations and geographical databases. In line with previous research we found that male sex (β=0.029), younger age (β=-0.178), residence in a more populous locale (β=0.02), higher cognitive ability (β=0.05) and more westward position within the same time zone (β=-0.04) was associated with later chronotype. Male sex (β=0.065), younger age (β=-0.04), residence in a more populous locale (β=0.149), later chronotype (β=0.051) and higher latitude (β=0.03) was associated with higher cognitive ability, but the effect of population on chronotype and latitude on cognitive ability was only present in the United States. The relationship between age and chronotype was stronger in males, and the relationship between chronotype and cognitive ability was stronger in males and in older participants. Population density had an independent association with cognitive ability, but not chronotype. Our results confirm the uneven geographical distribution of chronotype and cognitive ability. Country-wise analyses distinguish universal cultural/biological and country-specific effects. The moderating effect of age on the cognitive ability-chronotype relationship suggests that cultural rather than biological effects underlie this relationship.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Links Between General Factors of Psychopathology and Cognitive Ability in Early Childhood

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Grotzinger ◽  
Amanda K. Cheung ◽  
Megan W. Patterson ◽  
K. Paige Harden ◽  
Elliot M. Tucker-Drob
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total P ◽  
Shared Genetic

In adults, psychiatric disorders are highly comorbid and are negatively associated with cognitive abilities. Individual cognitive measures have been linked with domains of child psychopathology, but the specificity of these associations and the extent to which they reflect shared genetic influences are unknown. In this study we examined the relationship between general factors of cognitive ability ( g) and psychopathology ( p) in early development using two genetically informative samples: the Texas “Tiny” Twin Project (TXtT; N = 626, age range = 0.16–6.31 years) and the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort (ECLS-B; N ≈ 1,300 individual twins, age range = 3.7–7.1 years). The total p–g correlation (−.21 in ECLS-B; −.34 in TXtT) was primarily attributable to genetic and shared environmental factors. The early age range of participants indicates that the p–g association is a reflection of overlapping genetic and shared environmental factors that operate in the first years of life.

The Genetic and Environmental Relationship Between General and Specific Cognitive Abilities in Twins Age 80 and Older

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Petrill ◽  
Robert Plomin ◽  
Stig Berg ◽  
Boo Johansson ◽  
Nancy L. Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Speed Of Processing ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specific Cognitive Abilities

In the first twin study of the old-old, individuals 80 years old and older, we examined the relationship between general and specific cognitive abilities from a genetic perspective. That is, we examined the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence major group factors of cognitive abilities, independent of general cognitive ability. As part of the OctoTwin project in Sweden, general and specific cognitive abilities were assessed in 52 monozygotic and 65 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs 80 years old and older using a battery of seven tests that assess verbal, spatial, speed-of-processing, and memory performance. Results suggest that genetic effects associated with general cognitive ability (g) account for the correlation between g and verbal, spatial, and speed-of-processing abilities. No genetic influences were found for these specific cognitive abilities separate from g. In contrast, memory ability appears to be more distinct genetically from g than are other cognitive abilities. Comparison with younger samples suggests that cognitive abilities relating to speed of processing may be genetically dedifferentiated in the old-old.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF DENGAN SIKAP SISWA PADA MATERI SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH MANUSIA DI KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 7 BINJAI

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rifkah Nafthali Tarigan ◽  
Tri Harsono ◽  
Yusriati Yusriati
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Student Attitude ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to determine the relationship between cognitive ability with the attitude of students of class VIII SMP N 7 Binjai Year Learning 2016/2017. The type of research used in this study is correlational research, the population in this study is all students of class VIII SMP Negeri 7 Binjai consisting of eight classes. The sample of this research is taken two classes that is class VIII1 and VIII2 which amounted to 70 people by random sampling, Data collection used was to use conitive ability test with 4 choiches of 25 items and questionnaires with 4 choiches of 40 items. The relationship between cognitive ability and student attitudes obtained an average of 69,65 and Standard Deviation (SD) of 13,45, while the average student attitude outcome was 82,52 and Deviation Standard (SD) of 6,84. The calculation results to find the regression equation Y over X obtained the equation Y = 73,31 + 0,12X, this shows the higher the cognitive abilities of students then the student’s attitude will also be better. By using the results of correlation coefficient test with product moment correlation, the value of rcalculate equal to 0,2598 which means there is a linier correlation between cognitive ability (X) with student attitude (Y). Based on the coefficient of determination test obtained contribution of 7% while the rest comes from other factors. In testing hypothesis with significance test (t test) obtained tarithmetic > ttable (2,434 > 1.974) at level significant α = 0,05. Thus the hypothesis (Ho) in this study is rejected and hypothesis (Ha) accepted that states there is a significant.Keyword: Cognitive Ability, Attitude, Human Circulatory System

scholarly journals Survival and life-expectancy in a young-onset dementia cohort with six years of follow-up: the NeedYD-study

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1781-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrie A.J. Gerritsen ◽  
Christian Bakker ◽  
Frans R.J. Verhey ◽  
Yolande A.L. Pijnenburg ◽  
Joany K. Millenaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Young Onset Dementia ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dementia Subtype

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to investigate survival time and life-expectancy in people with young-onset dementia (YOD) and to examine the relationship with age, sex, dementia subtype and comorbidity.Design, Setting and Participants:Survival was examined in 198 participants in the Needs in Young-onset Dementia study, including participants with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), vascular dementia (VaD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).Measures:The primary outcomes were survival time after symptom onset and after date of diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the relationship between survival and age, sex, dementia subtype and comorbidity. Additionally, the impact on remaining life expectancy was explored.Results:During the six-year follow-up, 77 of the participants died (38.9%), 78 participants survived (39.4%) and 43 were lost to follow-up (21.7%). The mean survival time after symptom onset and diagnosis was 209 months (95% CI 185-233) and 120 months (95% CI 110-130) respectively. Participants with AD had a statistically significant shorter survival compared with VaD participants, both regarding survival after symptom onset (p = 0.047) as well as regarding survival after diagnosis (p = 0.049). Younger age at symptom onset or at diagnosis was associated with longer survival times. The remaining life expectancy, after diagnosis, was reduced with 51% for males and 59% for females compared to the life expectancy of the general population in the same age groups.Conclusion/Implications:It is important to consider the dementia subtype when persons with YOD and their families are informed about the prognosis of survival. Our study suggests longer survival times compared to other studies on YOD, and survival is prolonged compared to studies on LOD. Younger age at symptom onset or at diagnosis was positively related to survival but diagnosis at younger ages, nevertheless, still diminishes life expectancy dramatically.

scholarly journals Patience, Cognitive Abilities, and Cognitive Effort: Survey and Experimental Evidence From a Developing Country

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422199674
Author(s):  
Stefania Bortolotti ◽  
Thomas Dohmen ◽  
Hartmut Lehmann ◽  
Frauke Meyer ◽  
Norberto Pignatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Cognitive Reflection Test ◽  
Math Ability ◽  
Cognitive Reflection ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ability Measure ◽  
The Relationship

This study sheds light on the relationship between cognition and patience by documenting that the correlation between cognitive abilities and delay discounting is weaker for the same group of individuals if choices are incentivized. This study conjectures that higher cognitive effort, which induces higher involvement of the cognitive system, moderates the relationship between patience and cognition. For 107 participants drawn from the adult population in Tbilisi, this study examines the relationship between various measures of cognitive ability and that of patience. Specifically, we consider the relationship between the Cognitive Reflection Test, a numeracy test, self-reported math ability measure, enumerators’ assessments, and incentivized and hypothetical trade-offs between smaller-sooner and larger-later payments.

Using Bloom's Taxonomy with English Language Learners

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 388-391
Author(s):  
Conrado L. Gómez ◽  
Terri L. Kurz
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Academic Experiences ◽  
The Relationship

English language learners (ELLs) at the preproduction phase, or initial phase, of language proficiency have limited oral English language skills; however, they do not lack cognitive abilities (de Jong and Harper 2005). On the contrary, most ELLs possess previous language and academic experiences. They can understand and articulate through nonverbal means (such as by drawing pictures) much more than they can demonstrate through speaking. Because many teachers may not fully understand the relationship between cognitive ability and language proficiency, they fail to challenge ELLs with higher-level activities (de Jong and Derrick-Mescua 2003).

scholarly journals How important is cognitive ability when adapting to changes? A meta-analysis of the performance adaptation literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Stasielowicz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
Performance Adaptation ◽  
The Relationship

Performance adaptation is required in many areas (e.g., dealing with emergencies or new software in the work and educational context). Therefore, predicting successful reactions to changes is important. Motivated by heterogeneous findings, the present meta-analysis examines to what extent individual differences in cognitive abilities are relevant to performance adaptation. A three-level meta-analysis based on 133 correlations (N = 37,963) was conducted in order to estimate the mean strength of the relationship. Furthermore, several moderator analyses were carried out (e.g., task complexity, subjective vs objective assessment of performance adaptation) to explain the variability of the effect sizes. As expected, cognitive ability was positively related to performance adaptation (r = .21). However, the relationship was stronger when objective performance adaptation scores (r = .25) rather than subjective ratings were used (r = .11). Furthermore, cognitive ability seems to be particularly relevant for highly dynamic tasks (r = .31). Overall, cognitive ability can be a useful predictor of actual performance adaptation, which has implications for the selection context (e.g., selection of students or employees with high adaptability). Furthermore, cognitive ability seems to be more relevant than other personality-based predictors of performance adaptation that have been examined meta-analytically (Big Five and goal orientation).

A Meta-Analysis of Interviews and Cognitive Ability

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Roth ◽  
Allen I. Huffcutt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Employment Interviews ◽  
Moderator Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

The topic of what interviews measure has received a great deal of attention over the years. One line of research has investigated the relationship between interviews and the construct of cognitive ability. A previous meta-analysis reported an overall corrected correlation of .40 ( Huffcutt, Roth, & McDaniel, 1996 ). A more recent meta-analysis reported a noticeably lower corrected correlation of .27 ( Berry, Sackett, & Landers, 2007 ). After reviewing both meta-analyses, it appears that the two studies posed different research questions. Further, there were a number of coding judgments in Berry et al. that merit review, and there was no moderator analysis for educational versus employment interviews. As a result, we reanalyzed the work by Berry et al. and found a corrected correlation of .42 for employment interviews (.15 higher than Berry et al., a 56% increase). Further, educational interviews were associated with a corrected correlation of .21, supporting their influence as a moderator. We suggest a better estimate of the correlation between employment interviews and cognitive ability is .42, and this takes us “back to the future” in that the better overall estimate of the employment interviews – cognitive ability relationship is roughly .40. This difference has implications for what is being measured by interviews and their incremental validity.

A Multimedia Situational Test With a Constructed-Response Format

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke K. Oostrom ◽  
Marise Ph. Born ◽  
Alec W. Serlie ◽  
Henk T. van der Molen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Constructed Response ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Situational Test

Advances in computer technology have created opportunities for the development of a multimedia situational test in which responses are filmed with a webcam. This paper examined the relationship of a so-called webcam test with personality, cognitive ability, job experience, and academic performance. Data were collected among 153 psychology students. In line with our expectations, scores on the webcam test, intended to measure interpersonally oriented leadership, were related to extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and job experience. Furthermore, the webcam tests significantly predicted students’ learning activities during group meetings over and above a cognitive ability test and a personality questionnaire. Overall, this study demonstrates that webcam tests can be a valid complement to traditional predictors in selection contexts.

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