A-141 Vindicated by Awareness: Acting with Awareness May Compensate for Inhibitory Deficits in ADHD Symptom Burden

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1194-1194
Author(s):  
Maria E Dragulin ◽  
Claudia Jacova
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Adhd Symptom ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Trait Mindfulness ◽  
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interference Test ◽  
Acting With Awareness

Abstract Objective To understand the role of trait mindfulness acting-with-awareness in the relationship between inhibitory control and ADHD symptom burden. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study with 103 adults, aged 18 to 86, mean age = 46, mean education = 15 years, 46% male. Participants were recruited in North Western Oregon counties. Eligible individuals were aged >18, fluent in English, and with normal global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA>22). The presence of ADHD diagnoses/symptoms was not required. Participants were administered the Adult Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) Acting with Awareness, and the DKEFS Color-Word Interference Test (CWIT). We examined the contribution of CWIT (time/sec), acting-with-awareness (AA), and their interaction in age-adjusted multiple regression predicting AISRS total score. Results Descriptives for the measures of interest were AISRS (M = 19.21, SD = 12.72), CWIT (M = 55.66, SD = 15.27), and FFMQ-AA (M = 25.10, SD = 7.17). Both CWIT and FFMQ-AA predicted AISRS when analyzed independently (B = 0.274, p = 0.14, R2 = 0.13 and B = -0.633, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.45). In the combined model, FFMQ-AA (B = -1.06, p = 0.000) but not CWIT predicted AISRS, R2 = 0.47. The interaction was not significant, p = 0.55. Conclusion AA is a powerful predictor of ADHD symptom burden: it accounts for almost half of the variance, and removes any contribution from inhibitory control. Our finding suggests that trait mindfulness has a more important role in shaping ADHD than cognition.

scholarly journals How do delirium motor subtypes differ in phenomenology and contributory aetiology? a cross-sectional, multisite study of liaison psychiatry and palliative care patients

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e041214
Author(s):  
Kevin Glynn ◽  
Frank McKenna ◽  
Kevin Lally ◽  
Muireann O’Donnell ◽  
Sandeep Grover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
International Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypoactive Delirium

ObjectivesTo investigate whether delirium motor subtypes differ in terms of phenomenology and contributory aetiology.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingInternational study incorporating data from Ireland and India across palliative care, old age liaison psychiatry and general adult liaison psychiatry settings.Participants1757 patients diagnosed with delirium using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition (DSM IV).Primary and secondary outcome measuresHyperactive, mixed and hypoactive delirium subtypes were identified using the abbreviated version of the Delirium Motor Subtype Scale. Phenomenology was assessed using the Delirium Rating Scale Revised. Contributory aetiologies were assessed using the Delirium Aetiology Checklist (DEC), with a score >2 indicating that the aetiology was likely or definitely contributory.ResultsHypoactive delirium was associated with dementia, cerebrovascular and systemic infection aetiologies (p<0.001) and had a lower overall burden of delirium symptoms than the other motor subtypes. Hyperactive delirium was associated with younger age, drug withdrawal and the DEC category other systemic aetiologies (p<0.001). Mixed delirium showed the greatest symptom burden and was more often associated with drug intoxication and metabolic disturbance (p<0.001). All three delirium motor subtypes had similar levels of impairment in attention and visuospatial functioning but differed significantly when compared with no subtype (p<0.001).ConclusionsThis study indicates a pattern of aetiology and symptomatology of delirium motor subtypes across a large international sample that had previously been lacking. It serves to improve our understanding of this complex condition and has implications in terms of early detection and management of delirium.

scholarly journals Understanding the relationship between negative emotional eating and binge eating: The moderating effects of acting with awareness and non-reactive mindfulness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley R. Barnhart ◽  
Abby Braden ◽  
Lauren Ann Dial
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depression Subscale ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Negative emotional eating and binge eating are positively related, occur in diverse populations, and may be driven by similar mechanisms. Mindfulness facets such as acting with awareness, describe, non-judgement, non-reactive, and observe may moderate the relationship between these maladaptive eating phenotypes. Method: A cross-sectional study assessed emotional eating-depression (Emotional Eating Scale-Revised, depression subscale), trait mindfulness facets (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form), and binge eating severity (Binge Eating Scale) in adults (N=258). Results: Emotional eating-depression was less strongly associated with binge eating severity in participants with higher acting with awareness mindfulness. Emotional eating-depression was more strongly associated with binge eating severity in participants with higher non-reactive mindfulness.Conclusions: Acting with awareness and non-reactive mindfulness may be important treatment targets in concurrent presentations of emotional eating-depression and binge eating.

Does Dispositional Mindfulness Predict the Development of Grit?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buaphrao Raphiphatthana ◽  
Paul Jose ◽  
Karen Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets

Abstract. Grit, that is, perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is a novel construct that has gained attention in recent years ( Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007 ). To date, little research has been performed with the goal of identifying the antecedents of grit. Thus, in order to fill this gap in the literature, self-report data were collected to examine whether mindfulness, a mindset of being-in-the-present in a nonjudgmental way, plays a role in fostering grittiness. Three hundred and forty-three undergraduate students completed an online survey once in a cross-sectional study, and of these, 74 students completed the survey again 4.5 months later. Although the cross-sectional analyses identified a number of positive associations between mindfulness and grit, the longitudinal analysis revealed that the mindfulness facets of acting with awareness and non-judging were the most important positive predictors of grit 4.5 months later. This set of findings offers implications for future grit interventions.

Peran trait mindfulness terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis pada lansia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Ayu Suci Purnamaning Dyah ◽  
Endang Fourianalistyawati
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Trait Mindfulness ◽  
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Acting With Awareness

Memasuki masa lansia, individu mengalami banyak perubahan pada kondisi fisik, sosial, spiritual dan psikologisnya. Lansia yang tidak siap dengan perubahan tersebut akan rentan terhadap stres. Kondisi yang demikian dapat menurunkan kesejahteraan psikologis (psychological well-being) pada lansia.  Untuk  menangani  permasalahan  tersebut, lansia perlu mengembangkan sifat mindfulness  (kemampuan untuk berfokus pada apa yang terjadi saat ini) didalam dirinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah trait mindfulness berperan secara signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis pada lansia. Sampel penelitian  ialah orang-orang yang sudah tidak bekerja dan berdomisili di wilayah Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi (n = 120). Penelitian  ini  menggunakan  adaptasi  skala  Five  Facet  Mindfulness Questionnaire untuk  mengukur  trait  mindfulness  dan  Scale  of Psychological Well Being untuk mengukur kesejahteraan psikologis. Hasil analisis regresi ganda menunjukkan empat dari lima dimensi trait mindfulnessberperan   signifikan   terhadap   beberapa   dimensi kesejahteraan psikologis. Dimensi-dimensi dari trait mindfulness tersebut yaitu acting with awareness, describing, non-reactivity, dan non-judging. Sementara itu, dimensi lainnya yang tidak berperan adalah observing.

EARLY RECOGNIZATION OF THE CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER BY VANDERBILT ADHD RATING SCALE FOR TEACHERS AND PARENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Dinh Duong Le ◽  
Van Thang Vo ◽  
Thi Mai Nguyen ◽  
Thi Han Vo ◽  
Huu Chau Duc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Key Words Adhd

Objectives: The study aims to explore the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and to examine the associated factors with ADHD among primary students by Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for teacher and parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in 564 students who selected randomly in 4 primary schools in Hue city. Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for parents and teachers were applied to evaluate the ADHD of children over 6 months ago. Results: The overall prevalence of children who had high risk with ADHD was 4.1% (95%CI: 2.44 - 5.72), including 4.6% and 4.8% in the rating of teachers and parents, respectively. Male was more likely to have ADHD than female (OR adj: 4.64 (95%CI: 1.53 - 14.05) and lack of closely friend (OR adj: 5.11 (95% CI: 2.13 - 12.24). Conclusion: Vanderbilt ADHD diagnosis rating scale for teachers and parents can be used to early recognization children with a high risk of ADHD. Key words: ADHD, Vanderbilt, ratings scale, teacher, parent, children

scholarly journals Illness severity and risk of mental morbidities among patients recovering from COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in the Icelandic population

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049967
Author(s):  
Karen Sól Saevarsdóttir ◽  
Hildur Ýr Hilmarsdóttir ◽  
Ingibjörg Magnúsdóttir ◽  
Arna Hauksdóttir ◽  
Edda Bjork Thordardottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Illness Severity ◽  
University Education ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo test if patients recovering from COVID-19 are at increased risk of mental morbidities and to what extent such risk is exacerbated by illness severity.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingIceland.ParticipantsA total of 22 861 individuals were recruited through invitations to existing nationwide cohorts and a social media campaign from 24 April to 22 July 2020, of which 373 were patients recovering from COVID-19.Main outcome measuresSymptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder Scale) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; modified Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5) above screening thresholds. Adjusting for multiple covariates and comorbidities, multivariable Poisson regression was used to assess the association between COVID-19 severity and mental morbidities.ResultsCompared with individuals without a diagnosis of COVID-19, patients recovering from COVID-19 had increased risk of depression (22.1% vs 16.2%; adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.48, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.82) and PTSD (19.5% vs 15.6%; aRR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.75) but not anxiety (13.1% vs 11.3%; aRR 1.24, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.64). Elevated relative risks were limited to patients recovering from COVID-19 that were 40 years or older and were particularly high among individuals with university education. Among patients recovering from COVID-19, symptoms of depression were particularly common among those in the highest, compared with the lowest tertile of influenza-like symptom burden (47.1% vs 5.8%; aRR 6.42, 95% CI 2.77 to 14.87), among patients confined to bed for 7 days or longer compared with those never confined to bed (33.3% vs 10.9%; aRR 3.67, 95% CI 1.97 to 6.86) and among patients hospitalised for COVID-19 compared with those never admitted to hospital (48.1% vs 19.9%; aRR 2.72, 95% CI 1.67 to 4.44).ConclusionsSevere disease course is associated with increased risk of depression and PTSD among patients recovering from COVID-19.

scholarly journals Perceived Loneliness and Severe Sleep Disorders in Adult Women during the Covid-19 Quarantine: A Cross-Sectional Study in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110251
Author(s):  
Álvaro Monterrosa-Castro ◽  
Angélica Monterrosa-Blanco ◽  
Andrea González-Sequeda
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Loneliness ◽  
Social Loneliness

Background: Quarantine is a measure to control COVID-19 spread, resulting in an increased perception of loneliness. In turn, sleep disorders (SD) may be more frequently reported in uncertain circumstances. Objectives: To identify the association between loneliness and severe SD, in women quarantined due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out in women, between 40 and 79 years and living in Colombia. The women were invited through social network to complete 5 digital instruments: de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, Menopause Rating Scale, Fear of COVID-19 Five-item Version, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and Francis Religion Scale. Bivariate analysis and adjusted logistic regression between loneliness and SD were performed. Results: 1133 women participated, half of them under 50 years old. 43.1% had emotional loneliness, 39.9% social loneliness and 43.3% general loneliness. SD were identified in 6 out of 10 women, those with mild SD presented an OR of 1.84, 1.85, and 1.64, for emotional, social and general loneliness, respectively. Loneliness was associated twice with moderate SD, and more than twice with severe SD. Very severe SD reached OR:5.81 for emotional loneliness, OR:4.38 social loneliness and OR:4.02 general loneliness. In the presence of religiosity, fear and anxiety due to COVID-19, statistical significance was retained for associations, except intense SD with general loneliness. Conclusions: SD were significantly associated with loneliness in our study population. It is important to assess sleep quality and perception of loneliness in middle-aged women, especially during periods of quarantine due to a pandemic to avoid health implications.

Frequency, severity, and impact on daily life of delayed and intercycle chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, and retching

2021 ◽  
pp. 030089162199043
Author(s):  
Silvia Gonella ◽  
Dino S. Di Massimo ◽  
Marinella Mistrangelo ◽  
Gianmauro Numico ◽  
Paola Berchialla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chemotherapy Administration ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Numeric Rating ◽  
Observation Period

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, and retching (CINVR) remains a common side effect of treatment. Most previous studies have focused on vomiting control; nausea and retching have been less explored. This study aimed at describing the incidence, severity, and impact on daily life (IDL) of CINVR in the acute (0–24 hours), delayed (>24–120 hours), and overall (0–120 hours) postchemotherapy periods and beyond 120 hours (until next chemotherapy administration); and the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies adopted by patients to relieve symptoms. Methods: This was a single-center, cross-sectional study of 60 patients undergoing chemotherapy. Participants reported the frequency, severity, and IDL of CINVR from the day of chemotherapy administration up to 120 hours thereafter and nausea and vomiting that occurred beyond 120 hours, as well as pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic remedies used. Results: Forty-seven (78.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 66.4–86.9), 37 (61.7%, 95% CI 49.0–72.9), and 35 (58.3%, 95% CI 45.7–69.9) patients reported no nausea (Numeric Rating Scale ⩽1), vomiting, or retching in the acute, delayed, and overall periods, respectively. Nausea was more frequent, more severe, and had a greater IDL than did vomiting and retching across the overall observation period; beyond 120 hours, 11 (18.3%, 95% CI 10.6–29.9) patients reported nausea and none reported vomiting, with a median IDL of 1/10 (interquartile range: 0.75–5.00; 95% CI 0–7.6). Metoclopramide (n = 57 administrations), dexamethasone (n = 28), eating small servings of food (n = 13), and aloe (n = 11) were the most commonly used rescue therapies. Conclusions: Future studies should set hard outcomes, such as the absence of any symptoms, as a primary end point, and these should be assessed across and beyond the 120-hour period.

A cross-sectional study of hand function in inclusion body myositis: Implications for functional rating scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ava Yun Lin ◽  
Maggie Clapp ◽  
Elizabeth Karanja ◽  
Kevin Dooley ◽  
Conrad C. Weihl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Body ◽  
Inclusion Body Myositis ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

The Relationship between Restless Legs Syndrome and Quality of Life in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Monica F. Ataide ◽  
Carolina da Cunha-Correia ◽  
Katia C.L. Petribú
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized for an uncomfortable sensation in legs and an irresistible desire to move them. This disorder has been more recently recognized in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and can interfere with the quality of life (QOL). Objectives: The aims of this study are to describe the prevalence of RLS and its severity and influence on the QOL in patients with MG. Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from May to June 2016 in Recife, Brazil. A sample of 42 patients was interviewed using a sociodemographic questionnaire, MG QOL questionnaire-15 and The RLS Rating Scale. Results: RLS was present in 47.6% of patients and of these 40.5% met moderate to severe RLS criteria. Patients were 45 years on average (SD ± 14.4) and women represented 57.1% of the study population. Among patients with RSL, the quality-of-life scores were worse (p = 0.010) on average. There was no association of RLS with the duration of MG, use of immunosuppressant or clinical conditions that could mimic the occurrence of RLS. Conclusion: RLS is a prevalent condition in patients with MG, and may be severe enough to negatively impact QOL.

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