scholarly journals Total Carotenoid Intake Reduces the Odds of Frailty over 9 Years in Older Adults: Results from the Framingham Offspring Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 72-72
Author(s):  
Shivani Sahni ◽  
Paul Jacques ◽  
Alyssa Dufour ◽  
Courtney Millar ◽  
Douglas Kiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Funding Sources

Abstract Objectives Frailty occurs in 10–15% of community-living older adults. The benefit of a Mediterranean style diet in reducing frailty is not well established in older Americans. The aim was to determine the association of Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern and related antioxidants (vitamin C, E and total carotenoids from diet and supplements) with the odds of frailty over 9y in older adults from the Framingham Offspring study. Methods The Mediterranean-style dietary pattern score (MSDPS) was used to characterize a Mediterranean-style diet in 2541 men and women with completed food frequency questionnaires at baseline (1998–2001). Average intake of each antioxidant (vitamin C, E and total carotenoids, mg/d) at baseline and one prior exam (1995–98) was calculated. Total carotenoids were calculated as the sum of intake of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin. Frailty was assessed using Fried's frailty criteria at baseline and follow-up exam (2005–08). Participants categorized as frail at baseline were excluded (n = 27). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusting for age, sex, follow-up time, BMI, energy intake, current smoking and multivitamin use. Antioxidants were adjusted for each other in the same model. Results Mean age (±SD) was 60 ± 9y (range 33–86), 55% were female and mean follow-up time was 6.6y (range 3.7–9.1). Mean (±SD) was 45 ± 13 (range: 10.8–84.1) for the MSDPS, 36.5 (±32.3) mg/d for vitamin C, 16.4 (±199) mg/d for vitamin E and 1.8 (±0.8) mg/d for carotenoids. Prevalent frailty at follow-up exam was 5%. Although not significant, a 10 unit increase in MSDPS reduced the odds of frailty by 8.7% (95% CI: 0.78–1.08, P = 0.28) in the combined sample of men and women. Each 10 mg increase in total carotenoid intake reduced the odds of frailty by 29% (95% CI: 0.53–1.01, P = 0.02). Neither Vitamin C (P = 0.79) or E (P = 0.25) were individually associated with frailty. Conclusions A Mediterranean style diet was not significantly associated with frailty in this sample of largely older adults. However, total carotenoids intake reduced the odds of frailty. Future work should consider if a Mediterranean style diet and related antioxidants delay the progression of frailty. Funding Sources Boston Claude D. Pepper Center OAIC and Peter and Barbara Sidel Fund.

Local Initiatives to Fund Services for Older Americans: Community Recognition of the Importance of Social Care

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482094432
Author(s):  
Athena Koumoutzis ◽  
Sara E. Stemen ◽  
Renusha Maharjan ◽  
Jennifer Heston-Mullins ◽  
Pamela S. Mayberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Eligibility Criterion ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Alternative Funding ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Aging Services ◽  
Tax Levies

Despite the growing proportion of older adults in the United States, federal and state funding for nonmedical supportive services remains limited. To meet increasing demand, some communities across the nation are exploring alternative funding sources for aging services. Although no systematic database exists to track such local programs, through an array of data sources including a national survey, telephone contacts, and a web review, we identified 15 states that are using local funding to support aging services. Communities are using a variety of local revenue streams, such as property tax levies, payroll, and sales taxes to provide services for older adults and/or their family or friend caregivers. There are considerable differences in community approaches including the following: amount of revenue generated, service eligibility criterion, type of services covered, and management infrastructure. Critical policy questions surrounding equity issues within and across states are raised as communities create these alternative funding mechanisms.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Selected Bioactive Substances Changes in Cucurbita Moschata Duch. Ex Poir. After Storage and Different Methods of Technological Processing

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393
Author(s):  
Alena Andrejiová ◽  
Alžbeta Hegedűsová ◽  
Miroslav Šlosár ◽  
Silvia Barátová
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Technological Processing ◽  
Winter Squash

The winter squash is an important source of antioxidants, especially carotenoids. The aim of submitted research work was to determine the effect of genotype, storage and different methods of technological processing (baking, boiling and sterilization) on the content of ascorbic acid and total carotenoids in fruits of winter squash (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir.). The small-plot field experiment was established at Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra in 2013. Five cultivars of winter squash (‘Liscia’, ‘Orange’, ‘Hannah’, ‘UG 205 F1’ and ‘Waltham’) were examined in experiment. The total carotenoids content in the pulp of fresh fruits was ranged from 9.33 to 15.10 mg.100 g−1. Its highest value was determined in case of ‘Orange’ variety. The storage and the thermal treatment of fruit pulp in case of baking had positive impact from the total carotenoid content point of view. The baking resulted in the increase of its value in winter squash. On the contrary, sterilization tended to the decrease of total carotenoid content in edible part of squash. The total carotenoids content in the baking pulp was ranged from 14.27 to 31.87 mg.100 g−1. The vitamin C content before storage and technological processing ranged in interval from 13.88 to 18.69 mg.100 g−1. Particular thermal methods of processing and storage resulted in decrease of vitamin C content in the pulp of all winter squash varieties.

scholarly journals Self-Reported Barriers of Middle-Aged and Older Adults Entering a Home-Based Physical Activity Program

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Lattimore ◽  
Sara Wilcox ◽  
Ruth Saunders ◽  
Saarah Griffin ◽  
Elizabeth Fallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Telephone Counseling ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Activity Program ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Gender And Health

The purpose of this study was to assess barriers experienced by mid-older adults upon entering a homebased, telephone-delivered physical activity (PA) program and examine differences in barriers for subgroups. Methods: Three hundred eighty four participants recruited from Tennessee, California, and Illinois for the Active Choices program, which was part of Active for Life®, completed one face-to-face counseling session and received follow-up telephone counseling. Barriers were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively for subgroups of mid-older adults. Results: Personal, social, and environmental themes emerged as barriers. Lack of motivation was most salient for men while health barriers were more prominent for women; however, no significant differences were found between men and women. Both whites and African Americans reported lack of motivation as the most frequent barrier to PA. Health and weather barriers were more prominent for the oldest group of older adults. Few differences were reported by PA or weight status. Conclusions: In a large sample of mid-older adults varying in age, race, gender, and health status, multiple barriers to PA were reported. Differences across subgroups may have implications for future PA interventions.

scholarly journals Free radicals scavenging -antioxidant phytochemicals in cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicon var. Ceresiforme (DUNAL) A. Gray)

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Gyanendra Kumar Rai ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar ◽  
Sheetal Dogra
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Maximum Acidity ◽  
Lycopene Content

Significant differences (p ? 0.05) were observed among the cherry tomato lines for the principal antioxidants, viz. total carotenoids, lycopene and vitamin-C. Vitamin-C content ranged from 17.62 - 46.16 mg/100 g, the total carotenoid content ranged from 3.86 - 6.66 mg/100 g and lycopene content ranged from 2.83 - 5.26 mg/100 g on fresh weight basis. The total phenolics, another important class of antioxidants, also differed significantly amongst the cherry tomato line (12.41-31.17 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g). Significant variation (p ? 0.05) was also observed for pH and titrable acidity. The pH varied from 4.15 - 4.52 and anhydrous citric acid ranged from 0.050 up to 0.323%. The total soluble solids were 3.41 - 5.16%. The maximum vitamin-C content was recorded in VRCT-6 (46.16 mg/100 g) closely followed by VRCT-7 (45.51 mg/100 g) and VRCT-15 (44.71 mg/100 g), whereas maximum total carotenoid content were recorded in VRCT-16 (6.66 mg/100 g) followed by VRCT-7 (6.48 mg/100 g) and VRCT-1(6.36 mg/100 g), respectively. On the other hand, maximum lycopene content was estimated in VRCT-16 (5.26 mg/100 g) followed by VRCT-3 (5.23 mg/100 g) and VRCT-14 (4.73 mg/100 g). Maximum acidity and total water soluble solids were recorded in VRCT-9 (0.323%) and VRCT-7 (5.16%), respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21591 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(3): 255-260, 2014 (December)

Longitudinal changes in aerobic power in older men and women

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 781-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Stathokostas ◽  
Shanthi Jacob-Johnson ◽  
Robert J. Petrella ◽  
Donald H. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Young Old

The purpose of this study was to describe the longitudinal (10 yr) decline in aerobic power [maximal O2 uptake (V̇o2 max)] and anaerobic threshold [ventilatory threshold (TV̇e)] of older adults living independently in the community. Ten years after initial testing, 62 subjects (34 men, mean age 73.5 ± 6.4 yr; 28 women, 72.1 ± 5.3 yr) achieved V̇o2 max criteria during treadmill walking tests to the limit of tolerance, with TV̇e determined in a subset of 45. V̇o2 max in men showed a rate of decline of −0.43 ml·kg−1·min−1·yr−1, and the decline in V̇o2 max was consequent to a lowered maximal heart rate with no change in the maximum O2 pulse. The women showed a slower rate of decline of V̇o2 max of −0.19·ml·kg−1·min−1·yr−1 ( P < 0.05), again with a lowered HRmax and unchanged O2 pulse. In this sample, lean body mass was not changed over the 10-yr period. Changes in V̇o2 max were not significantly related to physical activity scores. TV̇e showed a nonsignificant decline in both men and women. Groupings of young-old (65–72 yr at follow-up) vs. old-old (73–90 yr at follow-up) were examined. In men, there were no differences in the rate of V̇o2 max decline. The young-old women showed a significant decline in V̇o2 max, whereas old-old women, initially at a V̇o2 max of 19.4 ± 3.1 ml·kg−1·min−1, showed no loss in V̇o2 max. The longitudinal data, vs. cross-sectional analysis, showed a greater decline for men but similar estimates of the rates of change in women. Thus the 10-yr longitudinal study of the cohort of community-dwelling older adults who remained healthy, ambulatory, and independent showed a 14% decline in V̇o2 max in men, and a smaller decline of 7% in women, with the oldest women showing little change over the 10-yr period.

scholarly journals Adherence to Mediterranean Style Dietary Pattern and Total Cancer Risk in the Framingham Offspring Cohort Study (P05-040-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna Yiannakou ◽  
Martha Singer ◽  
Paul Jacques ◽  
Lynn Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Total Cancer Risk ◽  
Total Cancer ◽  
Former Smokers

Abstract Objectives This study examines the prospective association between adherence to a Mediterranean style dietary pattern and cancer risk among men and women in the Framingham Offspring (FOS) cohort. Methods The Mediterranean style dietary pattern (MSDP) score was derived from a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire taken at examination visit 5 in the prospective FOS cohort. Subjects included 3199 participants (1703 women and 1496 men), aged 30 years old and older, who were free of prevalent cancer. The MSDP score was classified into tertiles and also dichotomized (MSDP score <22 vs. ≥22) used to evaluate the association between the MSDP and cancer risk through the ninth examination cycle. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for confounding by age, physical activity, body mass Index, and pack-years of cigarette smoking. Factors found not to confound the effects of the MSDP were excluded from final models. Results During a mean follow-up of approximately 11.5 years, 377 and 273 cancer cases were documented among men and women, respectively. Women in the upper two tertiles of the MSDP score had a 25–30% lower cancer risks than women in the lowest tertile [(HR: 0.70, 95% CI:0.52–0.96 (tertile 2); HR, 0.75; 95% CI:0.56–1.00 (tertile 3)]. Effects in men were weaker [HR: 0.94, 95% CI:0.74–1.21 (tertile 2); HR, 0.90; 95% CI:0.68–1.17(tertile 3)]. The protective effects of higher MSDP adherence were stronger among non-smokers and former smokers than among current smokers. Compared with current smokers with a MSDP score < 22, non-smokers and former smokers with higher MSDP scores had approximately 43% and 39% reductions in total cancer risk, respectively (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43–0.75 for non-smokers with high MSDP; HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.47–0.79 for former smokers with high MSDP scores).SDP scores). Conclusions In this large cohort study, higher adherence to MSDP was associated with reduced risk of total cancer, especially among women. Beneficial effects of the MSDP were also stronger among non-smokers and former smokers. Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals A Prospective Study of Dietary Flavonoid Intake and Risk of Glioma in US Men and Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 263-263
Author(s):  
Alaina Bever ◽  
Aedin Cassidy ◽  
Eric Rimm ◽  
Meir Stampfer ◽  
David Cote
Keyword(s):  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Flavonoid Intake ◽  
Glioma Risk ◽  
Dietary Flavonoid ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Objectives Flavonoids are a diverse group of plant constituents with demonstrated neuroprotective and anti-tumor effects. Flavonoid intake may decrease glioma risk, an association that has not yet been investigated in humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary flavonoid consumption and glioma risk in participants in the female Nurses’ Health Study (1984–2014, n = 81,688) and Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2017, n = 95,228), and the male Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2014, n = 49,884). Methods Exposure was average long-term (up to 30 years) and recent (up to 12 years) intake of total flavonoids and six flavonoid subclasses, derived from validated quadrennial food frequency questionnaires. The primary outcome was incident glioma, confirmed by medical record review. Results We documented 536 incident cases of glioma across 5,936,386 person-years of follow-up. Long-term total flavonoid, flavan-3-ol, and polymer intake was associated with decreased glioma risk in pooled analyses comparing highest to lowest quintile of consumption (total flavonoid hazard ratio (HR) = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.59–1.05, P-trend = 0.04; flavan-3-ol HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.57–1.01, P-trend = 0.04; polymer HR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.61–1.09, P-trend = 0.05). Associations with recent intake were weaker and not statistically significant. There were no associations with other flavonoid subclasses. After additional adjustment for tea consumption, there was no significant association between flavan-3-ol or polymer consumption and glioma. Conclusions Increased dietary intake of flavan-3-ol and polymeric flavonoids, especially those predominant in tea, was associated with decreased glioma risk in a prospective cohort of men and women. Habitual consumption of foods and beverages containing flavan-3-ols and polymeric flavonoids may protect against the development of glioma. Funding Sources This work was supported by the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

scholarly journals Frequency of Dairy Products Consumption and 10-Year Risk of Frailty Among Older Community-Dwellers from the Three-City-Bordeaux cohort- Preliminary Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 70-70
Author(s):  
Berna Rahi ◽  
Hermine Pellay ◽  
Cécilia Samieri ◽  
Catherine Helmer ◽  
Jean-François Dartigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Total Protein Intake ◽  
Nutritional Data ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Objectives The objective is to assess the association between the frequency of dairy products consumption and the 10-year risk of frailty among older adults. Methods The study sample consisted of participants from the Three-City-Bordeaux cohort, aged ≥65y in 1999–2000, with available nutritional data, and re-examined 10 years later. Frailty was assessed using the following criteria: unintentional weight loss, fatigue, muscle weakness, slowness and inactivity. Frailty status was determined when participants had at least 3 components present and robust status when 0 to 2 components present. Dairy products consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. A low frequency was defined as the Q1 of dairy products frequency, a moderate frequency as Q2-Q3, while the highest daily frequency as Q4. Multivariate logistic regressions were controlled for age, education, sex, comorbidities, disability, total protein intake and healthy diet. Results The studied sample constituted of 907 non-frail participants aged 73.1y on average at baseline, and 65.2% were women. Over the 10-year follow-up, 23.3% were identified as frail. The frequency of daily dairy products consumption ranged from 0–8 servings/day. Q1 was &lt; 1.7 servings/day, while Q4 was ≥3 servings/day. According to multivariate analyses, there was no association between the frequency of daily dairy products consumption and the 10-y risk of frailty (Q2-Q3 vs Q1: OR = 0.76, 95% CI [0.49;1.17] and Q4 vs Q1: OR = 0.85, 95% CI [0.52;1.39], p for trend = 0.46). Based on these results, further analyses will examine the associations between different categories of dairy products and frailty risk while accounting for competing risks of death over the 10-year period. Conclusions In this sample of French community-dwelling older adults, dairy products consumption was not significantly associated with 10-years risk of frailty. These results should be interpreted cautiously as dairy products are a good source of proteins and vitamin D, both associated with a lower risk of frailty. Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals Correlates of the difference in plasma carotenoid concentrations between men and women

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Allore ◽  
Simone Lemieux ◽  
Marie-Claude Vohl ◽  
Patrick Couture ◽  
Benoît Lamarche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dietary Carotenoid

AbstractHealth professionals consider the evaluation of eating habits to be challenging, given the potential biases of dietary questionnaires based on self-reported data. Circulating carotenoid concentrations are reliable biomarkers of dietary carotenoid intake and could be useful in the validation of dietary assessment tools. However, there is a sex difference in circulating carotenoids, with women displaying higher concentrations compared with men independent of intake. The aim of the present study was to identify the correlates of plasma carotenoid concentrations among men (n155) and women (n110) enrolled in six fully controlled dietary interventions with varying dietary carotenoid intakes. We looked at the associations of post-intervention fasting plasma carotenoid concentrations (α-carotene,β-carotene,β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene and zeaxanthin) with physical and metabolic characteristics. We found that increased body weight (r–0·47,P<0·0001) and waist circumference (r–0·46,P<0·0001) were associated with lower plasma total carotenoid concentrations, while elevated plasma LDL-cholesterol (r0·49,P<0·0001) and HDL-cholesterol (r0·50,P<0·0001) concentrations were correlated with higher total carotenoids in plasma. Women had significantly higher plasma total carotenoid concentrations compared with men, despite significantly lower dietary carotenoid intake. Adjustment of circulating carotenoid concentrations for plasma HDL-cholesterol eliminated sex difference in plasma carotenoid concentrations. Our results suggest that physical characteristics as well as plasma lipids are associated with circulating carotenoid concentrations and that these variables should be taken into account when using plasma carotenoids as biomarkers for food intake in men and women.

scholarly journals Antioxidant vitamin status in high exposure to oxidative stress in competitive athletes

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Rousseau ◽  
Isabelle Hininger ◽  
Stéphane Palazzetti ◽  
Henri Faure ◽  
Anne-Marie Roussel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Β Carotene

We conducted a cross-sectional study in 118 well-trained athletes to investigate 'high exposure' to sub-deficient antioxidant status, and consequently to oxidative damage, in relation to estimated daily energy expenditure (EE) and dietary antioxidant intake. Subjects completed 7 d food and activity records. Blood samples were obtained on day 8. Of the athletes 81, 60 and 43 % had intakes of vitamins E, C and β-carotene below two-thirds of the French RDA respectively, which is adjusted for EE (FRDAa). The deficit in vitamin E intake was positively correlated with EE (r0·51,P>0·0001). All the athletes had normal plasma vitamins E and C and 14 % had marginal plasma β-carotene. Plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) did not increase with increased EE. As evidenced by ANOVA, EE-induced vitamin C intakes increased and consequently led to increased plasma ascorbic acid concentrations. In male athletes, plasma total carotenoids were negatively correlated with plasma TBARS concentrations (r–0·31,P>0·006). The relationship between vitamin C intakes and plasma concentrations was logarithmic (r0·59,P> 0·0001). To summarize, it is not clear whether vitamin E requirements are overestimated with reference to EE in the FRDAa. Daily requirements for vitamin C do not exceed 200 mg. Our present results could be interpreted as meaning that carotenoids play a protective role as exogenous antioxidants. Carotenoid intakes in athletes must be considered carefully.

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