scholarly journals Quantifying Oxidized Lipids in Oven Fried and Deep Fried Potatoes: A Three-Way Analysis by LOI, Chemical Assays, and Lipidomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 789-789
Author(s):  
Traycie Williams ◽  
Paul Plummer ◽  
Mandy Blackburn ◽  
Timothy Garrett ◽  
Vasilis Vasiliou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Oxidized Lipids ◽  
Walnut Oil ◽  
Lipidomic Analysis ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Conjugated Triene ◽  
Fried Potatoes ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Objectives Standard chemical methods that determine oxidized lipids in foods are laborious and require toxic chemicals. Our goal was to develop a mathematical lipid oxidation index (LOI) to predict oxidized lipid content of oven fried (OF) and deep fried (DF) potatoes and compare it to standard chemical assays and redox lipidomic analyses. Methods We calculated the LOI value of each recipe using a mathematical formula which consisted of the parameters of 16 nutrients, time and temperature. Next, we OF and DF potatoes in soy, olive, and walnut oils and then extracted oil from the cooked potatoes using the modified Hara and Radin method. We assayed samples of each oil to quantify the conjugated diene (CD), conjugated triene (CT), peroxide (PV), acid (AV), and p-Anisidine (p-Ad) values. In addition, aliquots of each oil sample were sent to collaborators to determine the relative value of oxidized lipids by mass spectrometry and lipidomic informatics. Results Overall, the chemical assays demonstrated that oven frying promoted significantly more oxidation than deep frying. Potatoes OF in walnut oil had greater mean CD (24.1 ± 0.44 vs 19.45 ± 0.06), CT (16.43 ± 0.25 vs 15.67 ± 0.12), AV (0.29 ± 0.01 vs 0.14 ± 0.003), PV (361 ± 7.6 vs 200 ± 6.06), and p-Ad (0.50 ± 0.03 vs 0.14 ± 0.01) when compared to DF potatoes (P ≤ 0.05). This increase in lipid oxidation was not consistent for potatoes prepared with soy and olive oils. LOI predicted a two-fold increase in lipid oxidation in OF potatoes as compared to DF potatoes no matter the type of oil (soy: 308 vs 150; olive: 319 vs; walnut: 330 vs 161). Finally, lipidomic analysis revealed a similar trend in the relative amounts of total oxidized lipids in OF potatoes (soy oil: 24% vs 12%; olive oil: 22% vs 7%; walnut oil 31% vs 17%) and was used to tentatively annotate over 3000 unique oxidized lipids. Conclusions This preliminary study demonstrates that two of the three methods, LOI and lipidomic analysis, are in good agreement in quantifying lipid oxidation in OF and DF potatoes. However, the suboptimal agreement of the chemical assays suggests that the parameters of LOI require further examination. Funding Sources MP is funded by a grant from the Research Dietetic Practice Group (RDPG)/Sugar Association. TW is funded by the Regina Myers McClain Foundation at UCM for his work as a research assistant.

scholarly journals Ceramide Levels and Covid-19 Respiratory Distress, a Causal Relationship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Khodadoust
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Lipidomic Analysis ◽  
Distress Symptoms ◽  
Concentration Dependency ◽  
Ceramide Synthesis ◽  
Total Plasma Concentration

Abstract A causal relationship between plasma ceramide concentration and Covid-19 patients with respiratory distress symptoms is presented. In this study, plasma samples of 52 individuals infected with Covid-19 were utilized in a lipidomic analysis. Lipids belonging to ceramide class exhibited a 400-fold increase in total plasma concentration in infected patients. Further analysis lead to demonstration of concentration dependency, for severe Covid-19 respiratory symptoms, in a subclass of ceramides. The subclasses Cer(d18:0/24:1), Cer(d18:1/24:1), and Cer(d18:1/22:0) are shown to be increased by 48, 40, and 33–folds respectively in infected plasma samples, and to 116, 91 and 50-folds in plasma samples with respiratory distress. Hence, monitoring of plasma ceramide concentration, targeting ceramide synthesis, its salvage and its regulatory mechanisms, are validated approach towards enhancing survival from Covid-19 respiratory distress.

Abstract 421: Aldose Reductase Protects Against the Early Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation InApoe-null Mice

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Srivastava ◽  
Oleg Barski ◽  
Aruni Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Oxidized Lipids ◽  
Lesion Formation ◽  
Aortic Sinus ◽  
Unsaturated Lipids ◽  
Lipid Oxidation Products ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation

Atherosclerotic lesion formation is associated with extensive oxidation of unsaturated lipids and the accumulation of lipid oxidation products. Products of lipid oxidation, particularly aldehydes, stimulate cytokine production and enhance monocyte adhesion. Aldehydes generated by oxidized lipids are metabolized by several biochemical pathways, of which aldose reductase (AR)-catalyzed reduction represents a metabolic fate common to both free and phospholipid esterified aldehydes. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of AR could aggravate atherosclerotic lesion formation by preventing the removal and the detoxification of aldehydes generated by oxidized lipids. In atherosclerotic lesions of apoE-null mice, AR protein was associated with macrophage-rich regions and its abundance increased with lesion progression. Treatment of 8 week old apoE-null mice with AR inhibitors sorbinil or tolrestat for 4 weeks increased lesion formation in the aortic arch (P<0.01) and the aortic sinus (P<0.01). No change in lesion formation was observed when 24 week old mice were fed AR inhibitors for 12 weeks. To probe the role of AR in atherogenesis further, we generated AR −/− /apoE −/− mice. Lesions of 8 week old AR −/− /apoE −/− mice maintained on high fat diet for 4 or 12 weeks were significantly larger throughout the aortic tree (P<0.01 for both the groups) when compared with age-matched AR +/+ /apoE −/− mice. Lesions in AR −/− /apoE −/− mice exhibited increased collagen (P<0.01) and macrophage content (P<0.01) and a decrease in smooth muscle cells (P<0.01). GC-MS analysis showed that the concentration of AR substrates HNE and hexanal was increased by 2.5–3 fold (P<0.01) in the plasma of AR −/− /apoE −/− mice as compared with AR +/+ /apoE −/− mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed greater accumulation of protein-HNE adducts in arterial lesions of AR −/− /apoE −/− mice. These observations suggest that AR is up regulated during atherosclerosis and that this protein protects against early stages of atherosclerotic lesion formation by removing aldehydes generated by lipid oxidation.

scholarly journals Review of Gastroenteritis Caused by Food Poisoning in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 734-734
Author(s):  
Oluwatoyin Ajulo ◽  
Olusola Adetunji ◽  
Olugbenga Ajulo
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
University College ◽  
Fried Potatoes ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Abstract Objectives To estimate the prevalence rate of cases of gastroenteritis caused by food poisoning reported to University College Hospital. Methods This was a retrospective observational study of patients who attended the clinic from 2010–2016. Patient's folders were surveyed for patients who had reported at the hospital with diarrhoeal cases. Relevant information such as types of food eating, causes and duration of diarrhea etc were retrieved from the folders. Results Data from past records of patients who had attended clinic from 2010–2016 at University College Hospital (UCH) for gastroenteritis as a result of food borne poisoning showed a total of 72 diarrhoeal cases of which 25 (76.9%) were caused by food poisoning. In Medical out-patient ward (MOP), there was only 24 cases of food poisoning out of the 34 cases of diarrhoea reported. MOP had the highest cases of diarrhoea (34) recorded while Surgical out-patient ward (SOP) had the lowest number of cases, just 3 cases. Children out-patient ward (CHOP) and SOP had no reported case of food poisoning while Ante-natal clinic ward (ANC) had only one case of reported food poisoning. The following foods were indicated in food poisoning such as rice, pop corn, kilichi and fried potatoes. Fish roll was indicated as the only source of food poisoning for all diarrhoeal cases reported at ANC. Augmentin, Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Loperamide, Normal saline and Coatem were the only drugs used in treatment. Conclusions The study indicated a relationship between the types of wards and drug used. Also, ciprofloxacin was the drug of choice used by all wards. Funding Sources Self-sponsored.

scholarly journals Lipidomic Assessment of Triacylglycerol and Cholesterol Ester Species After n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Suppementation in Humans: Comparison of Response Phenotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 450-450
Author(s):  
Matthew Picklo ◽  
Michael Bukowski ◽  
Bastien Vallée Marcotte ◽  
Frédéric Guénard ◽  
Marie-Claude Vohl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Ester ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Lower Mass ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Lipidomic Analysis ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Response Phenotype ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Objectives Assess the differences in triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol ester (CE) species in the plasma of individuals displaying heterogeneous lipid responses following long chain n-3 (LCn-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation. Methods We performed a targeted, mass spectrometry (MS), infusion-based lipidomic analysis on plasma samples obtained from a clinical study in which participants were supplemented with 3 g/day of LCn-3 in the form of fish oil capsules over a 6-week period. Triacylglycerol (TAG) species and cholesteryl esters (CE) were quantified for 130 participants pre- and post-supplementation. Results Based on the change of total TAG concentrations following supplementation, participants were segregated into three response phenotypes: (1) positive responders (R+; TAG decrease &lt; 10%), (2) non-responders (NR; TAG changes +/− 10%), and (3) negative responders (R−; TAG increase &gt; 10%) representing 87/130 (67%), 24/130 (18%), and 19/130 (15%) of the study samples, respectively. There were no phenotypic differences for age, sex, body-mass index, glycemia, or ApoB concentrations. Sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis separated the three phenotypes with component 1 attributed to changes in TAG 50–53: X with 0–3 desaturations with R + having reductions in these TAG. Separation along component 2 identified lower mass TAG 46–48: X with 1–3 desaturations likely containing 14:0. This latter effect impacted mostly NR and R- phenotypes. Analysis of individual TAG species per response phenotype revealed TAG species that did not align with the overall TAG response phenotype. Using the TAG response phenotype for grouping, we performed SPLDA analysis for CE responses. We observed that distinction of the TAG response phenotypes qualitatively applies to CE in which separation along component 1 (65% of variance) was due to differences in CE 18:0, 18:1, and 14:0. CE 20:5 was elevated equally (&gt;300%) between all phenotypes indicating LCn-3 intake. However, CE 22:6 was elevated R− (86%) to a greater extent vs. Res+ (55%) and NR (49%) phenotypes. Conclusions Our data identify lipidomic signatures (TAG and CE) associated with LCn-3 response phenotypes in humans and provide insight into the variability of lipid metabolism in humans. Funding Sources USDA-NIFA, USDA-ARS and CIHR MOP-229,488.

Cell signalling by oxidized lipids and the role of reactive oxygen species in the endothelium

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1385-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Zmijewski ◽  
A. Landar ◽  
N. Watanabe ◽  
D.A. Dickinson ◽  
N. Noguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Oxidized Lipids ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Lipid Oxidation Products

The controlled formation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species) is now known to be critical in cellular redox signalling. As with the more familiar phosphorylation-dependent signal transduction pathways, control of protein function is mediated by the post-translational modification at specific amino acid residues, notably thiols. Two important classes of oxidant-derived signalling molecules are the lipid oxidation products, including those with electrophilic reactive centres, and decomposition products such as lysoPC (lysophosphatidylcholine). The mechanisms can be direct in the case of electrophiles, as they can modify signalling proteins by post-translational modification of thiols. In the case of lysoPC, it appears that secondary generation of ROS/RNS, dependent on intracellular calcium fluxes, can cause the secondary induction of H2O2 in the cell. In either case, the intracellular source of ROS/RNS has not been defined. In this respect, the mitochondrion is particularly interesting since it is now becoming apparent that the formation of superoxide from the respiratory chain can play an important role in cell signalling, and oxidized lipids can stimulate ROS formation from an undefined source. In this short overview, we describe recent experiments that suggest that the cell signalling mediated by lipid oxidation products involves their interaction with mitochondria. The implications of these results for our understanding of adaptation and the response to stress in cardiovascular disease are discussed.

scholarly journals Iron Supplementation Confers Protection on Disease Severity in Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-Induced Colitis in Rats (OR15-05-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Bries ◽  
Rachel Derscheid ◽  
Paige Curry ◽  
Joe Webb ◽  
Olivia Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
State University ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Funding Sources

Abstract Objectives Koji iron, enriched with FeSO4 (Ultimine®; ULT), is a novel source of supplemental iron. Previously, we reported ULT had similar absorption as ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), while resulting in less reported adverse effects in women. Iron deficiency anemia is a common manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to malabsorption and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Therefore, the objective of our study was to identify the efficacy of 2 forms of iron supplementation on impaired GI integrity and anemia caused by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Methods Six wk old Sprague Dawley rats (n = 40) were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups (n = 10/group): 1) Control with no DSS; 2) Control + DSS only (Nfe); 3) DSS + ULT; 4) DSS + FeSO4. Animals were maintained on the AIN-93 G diets for 7 d. Colitis was induced by administering fresh 3.5% (w/v) DSS ad lib throughout the study. Daily iron supplementation (6 mg Fe/kg BW) was provided in a pulverized treat, and disease activity indices were observed (gross bleeding, stool consistency and weight loss). Histological scoring of colonic ulcerations, inflammation and grade were assessed. Iron status indicators and liver hepcidin were detected using ELISA and qRT-PCR, respectively. Results The severity score of IBD was significantly higher in the animals without iron supplementation than those treated with iron (P < 0.0001). Moreover, iron supplementation protected against diminished hemoglobin and hematocrit levels as a result of DSS treatment (P = 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively); whereas, these parameters were not significantly (NS) different between ULT and FeSO4. Improvement was found with post mortem disease score of DSS-induced rats with ULT compared to FeSO4 and Nfe by 14% and 39%, respectively (NS). Compared to healthy controls, FeSO4 resulted in a 3.5-fold increase in liver hepcidin gene expression, whereas ULT caused no change. Conclusions The results of this study highlight the beneficial effects iron supplementation has on the disease activity evoked by severe GI inflammation. Furthermore, this data suggests ULT attenuates the progression of IBD by supporting iron homeostasis. Additional analyses will explore the possible mechanisms of these results by identifying the systemic inflammation. Funding Sources College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University Collaborative Seed Grant Program.

scholarly journals Supplemental Wheat Germ Activates the STAT3-Reg3 Pathway in the Gut and Attenuates the Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein Gene in the Adipose Tissue of Mice Fed a Western Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1516-1516
Author(s):  
Sanmi Alake ◽  
Babajide Ojo ◽  
Amritpal Kaur ◽  
Siau Yen Wong ◽  
Bryant Keirns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
State University ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Abstract Objectives This study investigated the effects of wheat germ (WG) on gut antimicrobial peptides (AMPs, i.e., regenerating islet-derived protein [Reg] 3 g and Reg3b) in the jejunum and its potential to inhibit nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) activation and immune cell infiltration in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of mice fed a control or a western diet (i.e., high fat and high sucrose, HFS). Methods Six-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 12/group), and fed a control (C, 10% kcal fat, 10% kcal sucrose) or HFS (45% kcal fat, 26% kcal sucrose) diet with or without 10% WG (wt/wt) for 12 wks. Metabolic parameters were quantified in the serum. Phosphorylation of STAT3 in the jejunum and NF-kB activation in the VAT were assessed by immunoblotting. Gut antimicrobial peptide genes, and macrophage and inflammatory markers were measured by qPCR. Results After 12 wks of dietary treatment, WG significantly improved hyperglycemia, fasting insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) by at least 17% (P ≤ 0.0034) in HFS-fed mice. Protein expression of the pore-forming claudin-2 was elevated in the jejunum of HFS-fed mice (≥101%; P = 0.0016). Supplemental WG upregulated Il-10 and Il-22 genes in the jejunum (≥116%; P ≤ 0.035). The HFS + WG group had a 15-fold increase (P = 0.0012) in pSTAT3 compared to the HFS group in the jejunum. Consequently, the mRNA expression of Reg3b and Reg3g were significantly upregulated in the jejunum by WG supplementation (≥42%; P ≤ 0.043). In the VAT, the HFS group had greater NF-kBp65 phosphorylation compared to C, while HFS + WG group suppressed this to the level of C (–38%; P = 0.014). In addition, VAT Il-6 and Lbp genes were downregulated in the HFS + WG group compared to HFS (P ≤ 0.0032). Macrophage-related genes, F4/80, Cd11c, and iNos, were repressed (≥−28%; P ≤ 0.048) in the VAT of WG-supplemented mice. Conclusions The stimulatory effects of WG on signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) and AMPs in the gut may be vital to reduce the burden of antigen translocation that could initiate adipose tissue inflammation and contribute to obesity-induced IR. Funding Sources This study was funded by Oklahoma Agriculture Experiment Station (project # OKL02993) and by the Oklahoma State University College of Human Sciences.

scholarly journals A Comparative Lipidomic Analysis of Wild Rice Versus White and Brown Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 598-598
Author(s):  
Wes Mosher ◽  
Chi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Lipidomic Analysis ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
The University ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
Triacylglycerol Species

Abstract Objectives As a staple food in the Native American diet, wild rice (Zizania spp.) is an edible grass native to the Great Lakes region. Wild rice contains about one % of lipids. Previous studies have determined its fatty acid composition, but the composition of its lipidome was not examined in detail. This study sought to examine the lipidome of wild rice and provide a comparison to the lipidomes of white and brown rices. Methods In this study, lipid fractions of six commercially available wild rice samples (Zizania spp.), one traditionally-harvested wild rice sample (Zizania spp.), three white rice samples (Oryza spp.), and three brown rice samples (Oryza spp.) were extracted by hexane and ethyl acetate, dried in nitrogen gas, and then reconstituted in n-butanol for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based lipidomic analysis. Multivariate data analysis was performed using principal components analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. Models visualized the distinguishing features of each rice and provided information for a database search of selected markers and subsequent comparison to authentic standards. Results The multivariate model constructed by the LC-MS data of these samples showed clear separation of wild rice samples from white and brown rice samples, suggesting different lipid profiles of wild versus white and brown rice. Wild rice contained higher abundances of linolenic acid-containing triacylglycerol species, but less palmitic acid- and stearic acid-containing triacylglycerol species. Subtle differences between wild rice harvested in Minnesota versus wild rice harvested outside of Minnesota were also observed through lipidomic comparison. Interestingly, 10-demethylsqualene emerged as a prominent feature separating wild rice from white and brown rice through specific analysis of the phytosterol content of wild rice. Conclusions LC-MS-based lipidomic analysis of in-tact triacylglycerol species as well as a comprehensive profiling of the wild rice lipidome in comparison to that of white and brown rice was performed. These insights provide a compelling rationale for increasing consumer awareness of the benefits of wild rice consumption. Funding Sources W. Mosher was supported by the University of Minnesota CFANS Diversity Scholars Fellowship.

scholarly journals Intracellular localization of AMP deaminase and its novel role in BCAA and lipid metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ogawa ◽  
H Kouzu ◽  
A Osanami ◽  
Y Tatekoshi ◽  
H Oshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Amp Deaminase ◽  
Funding Sources

Abstract Background A metabolomic study in the human heart suggested a pivotal role of amino acid (AA) metabolism in fatty acid oxidation, which is dysregulated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure. We previously reported that aberrant up-regulation of AMP deaminase 3 (AMPD3) impairs cardiac energetics in T2DM hearts, and AMPD3 was recently shown to be activated by fasting and to promote AA metabolism and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. A sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) has been shown to augment systemic AA metabolism, but its effect on cardiac AA metabolism remains unknown. Purpose We hypothesized that AMPD3 has a role in AA and lipid metabolism in cardiomyocytes and that the protective effect of an SGLT2i in diabetic hearts is mediated by modification of AA and lipid metabolism. Methods and results Proteomic analyses of AMPD3 immunoprecipitates in rat hearts revealed that AMPD3 interacted with the E1α and E2 components of the BCKDH complex, a rate-limiting enzyme of branched-chain AA (BCAA) catabolism. Immunoblotting using subcellular fractions revealed that BCKDH localized not only in the mitochondria matrix but also in the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and that AMPD3 interacted with BCKDH in the cytosol and ER. Despite comparable expression of BCKDH components and phosphorylation of E1α at Ser293, significant accumulation of BCAA was observed in T2DM rats (OLETF; 317±30 nmol/g) compared to that in control rats (LETO; 213±16 nmol/g), and the accumulation of BCAA was accompanied by up-regulation of AMPD3 in the cytosol and ER by 98% and 231%, respectively. In cardiomyocytes, disruption of BCAA catabolism by knockdown of BCKDH-E1α resulted in a 5.8-fold increase in AMPD3 at the transcriptional level and blunted lipid droplet biogenesis in response to a long-chain fatty acid challenge. Next, myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in LETO and OLETF pretreated with empagliflozin (10 mg/kg/day, 14 days) or a vehicle. Pathway analysis of cardiac metabolites revealed arginine biosynthesis and BCAA metabolism as the most significantly changed pathways with empagliflozin, with BCAA (791±187 nmol/g), glutamate, glutamine and urea being significantly increased. Empagliflozin restored myocardial ATP and survival after MI in OLETF to levels comparable to those in LETO. Electron microscopy showed a significantly higher prevalence of myocardium lipid droplets in OLETF, which was further increased by empagliflozin. Conclusions The results support the hypotheses that imbalance of extra-mitochondrial AMPD3-BCKDH interaction underlies dysregulated BCAA metabolism in T2DM hearts and that activation of cardiac AA metabolism by an SGLT2i normalizes fatty acid overload through sequestration into intracellular lipid droplets. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Boehringer Ingelheim

scholarly journals Shelf Life Extension and Improvement of the Nutritional Value of Fish Fillets through Osmotic Treatment Based on the Sustainable Use of Rosa damascena Distillation By-Products

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Maria C. Giannakourou ◽  
Theofania Tsironi ◽  
Ioanna Thanou ◽  
Anna Maria Tsagri ◽  
Elena Katsavou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Fish Fillets ◽  
Osmotic Treatment ◽  
By Products

The objective of this work is the comparative study of different osmotic treatments at 37 °C on the quality and shelf life of chilled sea bass fillets. Fish fillets were treated using osmotic solutions consisting of oligofructose (40%–50%–60%) and 5% NaCl with (BP/OT) and without (OT) former antioxidant enrichment by using Rosa damascena distillation by-products. Water activity decreased to approximately 0.95 after 330 minutes of osmotic treatment. Untreated and osmotically treated fish fillets (BP/OT) and (OT) were subsequently stored at 5 °C and their quality was evaluated based on microbial growth and lipid oxidation. Osmotic treatment extended significantly the shelf life of fish in terms of microbial growth; however, it also accelerated its lipid oxidation. The impregnation of Rosa damascena phenolics not only counterbalanced this negative effect, but led to a more than four-fold increase of the shelf life of sea bass, as compared to the untreated samples.

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