scholarly journals Omega-3 Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Sleep: Pooled Analysis of Prospective Studies in the Fatty Acids and Outcome Research Consortium (FORCE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1460-1460
Author(s):  
Rachel Murphy ◽  
Qianqian Gu ◽  
Matti Marklund ◽  
Ulf Riserus ◽  
Jyrki Virtanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Outcome Research ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
De Novo ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Research Consortium

Abstract Objectives To assess associations between individual and total circulating n-3 fatty acids (FAs) with self-reported sleep duration and difficulty sleeping in the Fatty Acids and Outcome Research Consortium (FORCE). Methods De novo harmonized individual-level analyses were performed and pooled in 10 prospective studies (N = 22,717) with data on sleep duration and 7 studies (N = 9997) with data on difficulty initiating sleeping (DIS). Participant ages ranged from 35 to 96 years from 5 countries (Finland, Iceland, Sweden, Singapore, and the United States). Measured circulating FAs included alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the sum of EPA, DPA and DHA. FAs were expressed as a % of total FAs. Self-reported sleep duration was categorized as short (<7 hrs), 7–8 hrs (reference) or long (>8 hrs). DIS was categorized as yes or no (reference). Cross-sectional associations were assessed by multinomial logistic regression in each study with a standardized protocol including definitions for exposures, outcomes and covariates (demographics, health factors and dietary habits). Cohort-specific odds ratios (OR) per quintile (reference: Q1) of FAs were pooled with inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. Results In pooled multivariate analysis, we found that participants with higher circulating n-3 FAs (Q5) had a lower risk of short and long sleep duration. For short sleep ORs (95% confidence intervals, CI) for Q5 were 0.87 (0.78–0.98) for EPA, 0.87 (0.77–0.97) for DPA, 0.83 (0.73–0.93) for DHA and 0.83 (0.74–0.93) for the sum of EPA, DPA and DHA, respectively. For long sleep ORs (95% CI) were 0.79 (0.64–0.97) for DHA, and 0.80 (0.65–0.98) for the sum of EPA, DPA and DHA. The only significant association observed for DIS was for Q3 of DHA, OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.63–0.96. Conclusions In pooled de novo analyses across multiple cohorts, higher levels of n-3 FAs are associated with lower risk of suboptimal sleep (i.e., too little or too much sleep); These novel findings support the need for additional investigation of the temporal nature and causality of these relationships. Funding Sources International Life Sciences Institute, North America.

scholarly journals Omega-3 and omega-6 Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Sleep Duration: Pooled Analysis from Five Prospective Studies in the Fatty Acids and Outcome Research Consortium (FORCE) (P08-116-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Murphy ◽  
Mercedes Carnethon ◽  
William Harris ◽  
Vanessa De Mello ◽  
Matti Uusitupa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Outcome Research ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Research Consortium

Abstract Objectives Both too little and too much sleep may be detrimental for health, and emerging evidence suggests links between diet and sleep duration. n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (FAs) have physiologic roles in sleep processes including initiation, regulation, and melatonin production. We aimed to assess the association of circulating n-3 and n-6 FA biomarkers with sleep duration in the Fatty Acids and Outcome Research Consortium (FORCE). Methods A pooled cross-sectional analysis of harmonized individual-level analyses from 5 prospective cohorts was performed. FA biomarkers assessed included 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, 22:6n-3, 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, and the sum of n-3 FAs in lipid compartments (phospholipids, cholesterol esters, total plasma, and total serum). FAs were measured between 1993–2016 and expressed as % of total FAs. Sleep duration was self-reported and categorized as <7 hrs, 7–8 hrs or >8 hrs. The 5 pooled studies comprised 4,691 participants aged 35 to 96 from Finland, Iceland, Sweden and USA. Associations between FAs and sleep duration per interquintile range (10th-90thpercentile) were assessed with a standardized protocol including definitions for exposures, outcomes and covariates. Cohort level odds ratios (OR) were pooled with inverse-variance weighting. Results Overall, 1,229, 2,812 and 650 participants had sleep duration <7 hrs, 7–8 hrs (reference category) and >8 hrs, respectively. In pooled multivariable adjusted analyses, higher 22:6n-3 was associated with lower odds of sleeping >8 hrs (OR per interquintile range: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.94); as was the sum of n-3 FAs (OR per interquintile range: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58–0.99). Other individual n-3 or n-6 FAs were not significantly associated with sleep duration >8 hrs; and none of the n-3 or n-6 FAs were associated with sleep duration <7 hrs. Conclusions These novel findings demonstrate relationships between n-3 FAs, especially 22:6n-3, and longer sleep duration. The results highlight the need for future prospective studies and interventions to establish temporality, causality, and potential mechanisms. Funding Sources ILSI North America.

scholarly journals Plasma fatty acids in de novo lipogenesis pathway are associated with diabetogenic indicators among adults: NHANES 2003–2004

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine A Yu ◽  
Peter J Hu ◽  
Saurabh Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structure Study ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Background Insulin regulates fatty acids (FAs) in the blood; conversely, FAs may mediate insulin sensitivity and are potentially modifiable risk factors of the diabetogenic state. Objective The objective of our study was to examine the associations between plasma concentrations of FAs, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among individuals (n = 1433) in the NHANES (2003–2004). Design Plasma concentrations of 24 individual FAs were considered individually and in subgroups, per chemical structure. Study participants were categorized in diabetogenic groups: Group 1 (HbA1c ≥6.5% or FPG ≥126 mg/dL), Group 2 (HbA1c 5.7% to &lt;6.5% or FPG 100 to &lt;126 mg/dL), and Group 3 (HbA1c &lt;5.7% and FPG &lt;100 mg/dL). We assessed associations between diabetogenic groups and plasma FAs in multivariate multinomial regressions (with Group 3 as the reference). Results Overall, 7.0% of study participants were in Group 1; 33.3% were in Group 2. Plasma concentrations of several individual FAs, including even-chain saturated FAs (SFAs; myristic, palmitic, stearic acids) and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs; cis-vaccenic, oleic acids), were respectively associated with greater odds of Groups 1 and 2 status, adjusting for covariates. Higher concentrations of SFA and MUFA subgroups (highest compared with lowest quartile) were associated with increased odds of Group 2 status [SFAs adjusted OR (aOR): 1.51 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.18); MUFAs aOR: 1.78 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.85)]. Higher eicosapentaenoic acid plasma concentration was associated with decreased odds of Group 1 status [quartile 4 aOR: 0.41 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.95)]. Conclusions Higher plasma concentrations of SFAs and MUFAs, primary de novo lipogenesis products, were associated with elevated FPG and HbA1c in a nationally representative study population in the United States. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate potential causal relationships between FAs (from endogenous production and dietary consumption) and diabetogenic indicators, as well as clinical implications for managing diabetes and prediabetes.

scholarly journals 879Sleep Duration and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in people with diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannes Adama Melaku ◽  
Sarah Appleton ◽  
Amy Reynolds ◽  
Tiffany Gills ◽  
Robert Adams
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Specific Mortality

Abstract Background Evidence shows that habitual short and long sleep is associated with higher mortality risk in the general population. However, studies on the association between sleep duration and mortality in people with diabetes are scarce. Methods Data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) of the United States (US) between 2004 and 2014 (N = 32,766) were used. Self-reported habitual sleep duration for those with self-reported doctor diagnosed diabetes was categorized as ≤ 6 hr (short sleep), 7-8 hr (adequate sleep), and ≥9 hr (long sleep). Mortality status and cause of death data were retrieved from the US National Death Index and linked. We used adjusted Cox proportional models to examine the association between sleep duration and mortality risk. Dose-response relationships were quantified. Sensitivity analysis was performed excluding cardiovascular and cancer cases. Results In the median follow-up time of 4.6 years (171,375.2 person-years), 5312 all-cause, 1129 cardiovascular, 1148 cancer and 494 diabetes deaths were recorded. Whereas short sleep duration (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)=1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97, 1.11) in diabetic patients was not associated with all-cause mortality, long sleep duration was positively (aHR=1.43; 95% CI: 1.30, 1.57) associated with increased mortality risk. A similar trend of association was found with cause-specific mortality and the dose-response analysis identified a “J” shape association. Similar results were found upon sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Long but not short sleep duration is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in diabetic patients. Key messages Sleep should be part of behavioural intervention to prevent premature mortality in those with diabetics.

scholarly journals 1086 Non-Linear Associations Between Depression and Sleep Duration in an International Sample of 16,997 Respondents

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A413-A413
Author(s):  
A M Bender ◽  
R Babins-Wagner ◽  
A Laughton
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Introduction Abnormal sleep duration is common in people with depression and can be both a risk-factor and a symptom of depression. Here we determine the prevalence of depression likelihood and assess associations between long and short sleep duration in an international convenience sample. Methods N=16,997 respondents (age range: 8-98y, mean age 39.7y ±13.1 SD; 43% female) completed the 10-item Harvard Department of Psychiatry National Depression Screening Day Scale (HANDS) online from October 7 to October 13, 2019. Higher total scores on the HANDS indicate higher likelihood of major depressive episode with scores &gt;8 indicate the presence of a major depressive disorder is likely. Additional questions were added to the survey including the question “During the past two weeks, how many hours of actual sleep did you average at night?” Answer choices ranged from “less than 5 hours” to “more than 10h” in half-hour increments. Results Respondents came from 115 different countries with the majority of respondents from Canada (48%) and the United States (38%). Sixty-four percent of the sample were recommended for further evaluation for depression. Of those recommended, 66% reported &lt;7h of sleep per night and 3% reported &gt;9h. Those who reported 7-9h of sleep per night had the lowest depression scores (9.2 points) compared to those who reported &lt;7h (11.8 points) and &gt;9h (13.7 points), F(2,15366)=434.81, p&lt;0.001. The amount of sleep associated with the lowest depression scores was 7.5h (8.6 points) with &lt;5h associated with the highest depression scores (15.5 points). Conclusion We found a high prevalence of depression likelihood in 64% of an international convenience sample, with 69% of those not meeting the recommended 7-9h of sleep per night. Both short and long sleep were associated with higher levels of depression with 7.5h of sleep associated with the lowest depression scores. Future research on depression should focus on sleep interventions aimed at improving both short and long sleep duration. Support N/A.

scholarly journals Sleep Duration, Vegetable Consumption and All-Cause Mortality Among Older Adults in China: A 6-Year Prospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Bai ◽  
Muqi Guo ◽  
Yao Yao ◽  
John S. Ji ◽  
Danan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Demographic Model ◽  
Long Sleep

Abstract BackgroundSleep duration and vegetable consumption are associated with mortality at old age (termed as sleep-mortality linkage and vegetable-mortality linkage, respectively). Yet, little is known about the interplay of sleep duration and vegetable consumption on mortality. MethodsA dataset of nationwide longitudinal survey with 13,441 participants aged 65 years or older recruited in 2008 and followed up till 2014 was used. Sleep duration was classified into five groups (≤5, 6, 7-8, 9, and ≥10 hours/day). Vegetable consumption was classified as either high frequency (eating vegetables almost daily) or low frequency. We used parametric Weibull hazard regression models to estimate associations of sleep duration and frequency of vegetable consumption with mortality, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic factors, family/social support, health practice, and health conditions. ResultsOver the six-year study period, when only demographics were present, participants sleeping ≤5, 6, 9, and ≥10 hours/day had hazard ratios (HR) of mortality 1.18 (p<0.001), 1.14(p<0.01), 1.06 (p>0.1), and 1.30 (p<0.001), respectively, compared to those sleeping 7-8 hours/day. The HRs were attenuated to 1.08 (p<0.05), 1.08 (p<0.05), 1.09 (p<0.1), 1.18(p<0.001), respectively, when all other covariates were additionally adjusted for. High frequency of eating vegetables was associated with 22% lower risk of mortality (HR=0.78, p<0.001) compared to low frequency in the demographic model, and with 9% lower risk (HR=0.91, p<0.05) in the full model. Subpopulation and interaction analyses show that the sleeping-mortality linkage was stronger in female, urban, oldest-old (aged ≥80), and illiterate participants compared to their respective male, rural, young-old, and literate counterparts. High frequency of vegetable intakes could offset the higher mortality risk in participants with short-sleeping duration, but low frequency of eating vegetables could exacerbate mortality risk for participants with either short or long sleep duration; and except for few cases, these findings held in subpopulations. Conclusions Too short and too long sleep durations were associated with higher mortality risk, and infrequent vegetable consumption could exacerbate the risk, although frequent vegetable intake could offset the risk for short sleep duration. The relationship between these two lifestyles and mortality was complex and varied among subpopulations.

scholarly journals Sleep duration, vegetable consumption and all-cause mortality among older adults in China: a 6-year prospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Bai ◽  
Muqi Guo ◽  
Yao Yao ◽  
John S. Ji ◽  
Danan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Demographic Model ◽  
Long Sleep

Abstract Background Sleep duration and vegetable consumption are associated with mortality at old age (termed as sleep-mortality linkage and vegetable-mortality linkage, respectively). Yet, little is known about the interplay of sleep duration and vegetable consumption on mortality. Methods A dataset of nationwide longitudinal survey with 13,441 participants aged 65 years or older recruited in 2008 and followed up till 2014 was used. Sleep duration was classified into five groups (≤5, 6, 7–8, 9, and ≥ 10 h/day). Vegetable consumption was classified as either high frequency (eating vegetables almost daily) or low frequency. We used parametric Weibull hazard regression models to estimate associations of sleep duration and frequency of vegetable consumption with mortality, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic factors, family/social support, health practice, and health conditions. Results Over the six-year study period, when only demographics were present, participants sleeping ≤5, 6, 9, and ≥ 10 h/day had relative hazard (RH) of mortality 1.18 (p < 0.001), 1.14(p < 0.01), 1.06 (p > 0.1), and 1.30 (p < 0.001), respectively, compared to those sleeping 7–8 h/day. The HRs were attenuated to 1.08 (p < 0.05), 1.08 (p < 0.05), 1.09 (p < 0.1), 1.18(p < 0.001), respectively, when all other covariates were additionally adjusted for. High frequency of eating vegetables was associated with 22% lower risk of mortality (RH= 0.78, p < 0.001) compared to low frequency in the demographic model, and with 9% lower risk (RH = 0.91, p < 0.05) in the full model. Subpopulation and interaction analyses show that the sleeping-mortality linkage was stronger in female, urban, oldest-old (aged ≥80), and illiterate participants compared to their respective male, rural, young-old, and literate counterparts. High frequency of vegetable intakes could offset the higher mortality risk in participants with short-sleeping duration, but low frequency of eating vegetables could exacerbate mortality risk for participants with either short or long sleep duration; and except for few cases, these findings held in subpopulations. Conclusions Too short and too long sleep durations were associated with higher mortality risk, and infrequent vegetable consumption could exacerbate the risk, although frequent vegetable intake could offset the risk for short sleep duration. The relationship between these two lifestyles and mortality was complex and varied among subpopulations.

scholarly journals 875Association between dietary inflammatory index and sleep duration

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannes Adama Melaku ◽  
Sarah Appleton ◽  
Amy Reynolds ◽  
Tiffany Gill ◽  
Robert Adams
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Long Sleep

Abstract Background Diet and sleep are strongly and bidirectionally linked. This study aims to assess the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and sleep duration using the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANS) of the United States. Methods A total of 27,999 (median age 47 years, 48.6% male) participants were included. Dietary data were collected using 24-hour recall method and DII was calculated using 27 nutrients. Quantiles of DII were constructed (quantile 1, least inflammatory; quantile 5, most inflammatory). Self-reported habitual sleep duration was categorized as ≤ 6 hr (short sleep), ≥7 hr (normal/long sleep). We used log-binomial and multinomial logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders, to examine the association between DII and short sleep duration. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding common chronic diseases. The analyses were adjusted using NHANES sampling weights. Results In the fully adjusted model, higher DII score was associated with shorter sleep duration [odds ratio (OR)quartile2vs1=1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84-1.29; ORquartile3vs1=1.27; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.52; ORquartile4vs1=95% CI: 1.47; 95 CI: 1.25, 1.74; ORquartile5vs1=1.62; 95% CI: 1.33, 1.97; P for trend&lt;0.0001]. A similar trend of association was observed with long sleep duration and in both male and female participants. Participants in the fifth quantile, compared to those in the first, on average had 6 minutes (95% CI: 1, 11) less sleep. Conclusions Pro-inflammatory diet was positively associated with increased odds of short sleep duration. Key messages Patients with short sleep duration may benefit from avoiding pro-inflammatory foods. The association between DII and sleep duration could be bidirectional.

The correlation between lipid metabolism disorders and the prostate cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Dłubek ◽  
Jacek Rysz ◽  
Zbigniew Jabłonowski ◽  
Anna Gluba-Brzózka ◽  
Beata Franczyk
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Atp Citrate Lyase ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders

: Prostate cancer is second most common cancer affecting male population all over the world. The existence of a correlation between lipid metabolism disorders and cancer of the prostate gland has been widely known for a long time. According to hypotheses, cholesterol may contribute to prostate cancer progression as a result of its participation as a signalling molecule in prostate growth and differentiation via numerous biologic mechanisms including Akt signalling and de novo steroidogenesis. The results of some studies suggest that increased cholesterol levels may be associated with higher risk of more aggressive course of disease. The aforementioned alterations in the synthesis of fatty acids are a unique feature of cancer and, therefore, it constitutes an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of prostate cancer. Pharmacological or gene therapy aimed to reduce the activity of enzymes involved in de novo synthesis of fatty acids, FASN, ACLY (ATP citrate lyase) or SCD-1 (stearoyl-CoA desaturase) in particular, may result in cells growth arrest. Nevertheless, not all cancers are unequivocally associated with hypocholesterolaemia. It cannot be ruled out that the relationship between prostate cancer and lipid disorders is not a direct quantitative correlation between carcinogenesis and the amount of the circulating cholesterol. Perhaps the correspondence is more sophisticated and connected to the distribution of cholesterol fractions, or even sub-fractions of e.g. HDL cholesterol.

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