scholarly journals Association Between State-Based and Trait-Based Responsiveness to Satiety Cues Differs by Child Risk for Overweight/Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1242-1242
Author(s):  
Nicole Reigh ◽  
Alaina Pearce ◽  
Hugh Garavan ◽  
Charles Geier ◽  
Barbara Rolls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Child Bmi ◽  
Satiety Responsiveness

Abstract Objectives The relationship between parentally reported satiety responsiveness (i.e., trait) and laboratory-assessed satiety responsiveness (i.e., state) in children is not known, making it difficult to interpret and generalize lab-based findings. In addition, while many studies have shown weight-related differences in children's eating behaviors, less is known about appetitive traits that are present before obesity develops. Therefore, we examined associations between trait- and state-based satiety responsiveness among children with healthy weight who differed by familial risk for obesity. Methods Data from an ongoing longitudinal study were analyzed for 59 healthy-weight, 7–8 year-old children (BMI-for-age% < 85). Familial risk for obesity was determined by parental weight status as low-risk (N = 34, both parents’ BMIs < 25 kg/m2) or high-risk (N = 25, mothers’ BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; fathers’ BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Parents completed the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire to assess satiety responsiveness (SR), a measure of children's tendency to stop eating once sated (trait). To assess state-based satiety, the Satiety Quotient (SQ) was calculated from an ad-libitum laboratory meal [(Pre-meal hunger – post-meal hunger)/meal intake in grams]. A higher SQ indicates a greater reduction in hunger per gram (i.e., better satiety responsiveness). Results Overall, SR and SQ were not correlated (P = 0.57). However, a linear regression controlling for pre-meal hunger and child BMI percentile revealed a risk status-by-SR interaction (β = 0.804, P = 0.04) such that SR was positively associated with SQ in high-risk children (95% CI [0.003, 0.430]), but there was no relationship between SR and SQ in low-risk children (95% CI [−0.203, 0.085]). No differences in SR, SQ, pre-meal hunger, or post-meal hunger were observed between risk groups. Conclusions Parentally reported (trait-based) satiety was positively associated with laboratory-assessed satiety, but only among healthy weight children at high-familial risk for obesity. Parents of children who are at high-risk for developing obesity may be more observant of children's appetitive traits compared to parents of low-risk children, and this may be helpful in the prevention of obesity. Funding Sources NIH RO1: DK110060.

scholarly journals Differences in neural and cognitive response to emotional faces in middle-aged dizygotic twins at familial risk of depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 2345-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Miskowiak ◽  
A. M. B. Svendsen ◽  
C. J. Harmer ◽  
R. Elliott ◽  
J. Macoveanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

BackgroundNegative bias and aberrant neural processing of emotional faces are trait-marks of depression but findings in healthy high-risk groups are conflicting.MethodsHealthy middle-aged dizygotic twins (N = 42) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): 22 twins had a co-twin history of depression (high-risk) and 20 were without co-twin history of depression (low-risk). During fMRI, participants viewed fearful and happy faces while performing a gender discrimination task. After the scan, they were given a faces dot-probe task, a facial expression recognition task and questionnaires assessing mood, personality traits and coping.ResultsUnexpectedly, high-risk twins showed reduced fear vigilance and lower recognition of fear and happiness relative to low-risk twins. During face processing in the scanner, high-risk twins displayed distinct negative functional coupling between the amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex and pregenual anterior cingulate. This was accompanied by greater fear-specific fronto-temporal response and reduced fronto-occipital response to all emotional faces relative to baseline. The risk groups showed no differences in mood, subjective state or coping.ConclusionsLess susceptibility to fearful faces and negative cortico-limbic coupling during emotional face processing may reflect neurocognitive compensatory mechanisms in middle-aged dizygotic twins who remain healthy despite their familial risk of depression.

scholarly journals Adolescents with versus without parental obesity show greater striatal response to increased sugar, but not fat content of milkshakes.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Elisabeth Shearrer ◽  
Eric Stice ◽  
Kyle Stanley Burger
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Risk Status ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Children of overweight/obese parents are at a high-risk of developing obesity. This study sought to examine the underlying neural factors related to parental obesity risk and the relative impact of sugar and fat when consuming a palatable food, as well as the impact of obesity risk status on brain response to appetizing food images. Using functional MRI, 108 healthy weight adolescents’ (BMI 20.9±1.9; n=53 high-risk by virtue of parental obesity status, n=55 low-risk) response to food stimuli were examined. Stimuli included four milkshakes systematically varied in sugar and fat content, a calorie-free tasteless solution, and images of appetizing foods and glasses of water. High risk vs. low risk adolescents showed greater BOLD response to milkshakes (all variants collapsed) > tasteless solution receipt in the primary gustatory and oral somatosensory cortices (pFWE<0.05) replicating a previous report. Notably, high risk adolescents showed greater caudate, gustatory and oral somatosensory response to the high-sugar milkshake > tasteless solution contrast, however an effect of risk status was not seen in the high-fat milkshake contrast (pFWE<0.05). Foods images were not related to obesity risk status. Collectively, data presented here suggests that parental weight status contributes to greater striatal, gustatory, somatosensory response to palatable foods, in particular high-sugar foods in their adolescent offspring, which may contribute to the increased risk for future overeating.

scholarly journals Eating Behaviors in Relation to Child Weight Status and Maternal Education

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Priscilla Ayine ◽  
Vaithinathan Selvaraju ◽  
Chandra M. K. Venkatapoorna ◽  
Yida Bao ◽  
Philippe Gaillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Food Avoidance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Satiety Responsiveness

Background: The eating behavior of children is important to maintain a healthy weight. This current study explored the differences in children’s eating behaviors and their relation to weight status and maternal education level, using the child eating behavior questionnaire (CEBQ). Methods: The study recruited 169 participants aged between six and ten years. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between the CEBQ factors and children’s body weight status. The association between the CEBQ scores and maternal educational levels was examined using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The multinomial logistic regression findings indicate that children in the obese group exhibited a significant increase in food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, emotional overeating, and a decrease in satiety responsiveness compared to normal weight children. The one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in subscales under the food approach (food responsiveness, desire to drink, emotional overeating) and food avoidance (satiety responsiveness) based upon the child’s weight status. The three subscales under the food approach category were significantly dependent upon the maternal education but did not have a significant association with food avoidance. Conclusions: The results suggest that the increase in food responsiveness and emotional overeating in obese children is influenced by maternal education.

PET Parameters are Useful in Predicting Endometrial Cancer Risk Classes and Prognosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Budak ◽  
Emrah Beyan ◽  
Abdurrahman Hamdi Inan ◽  
Ahkam Göksel Kanmaz ◽  
Onur Suleyman Aldemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Myometrial Invasion ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Abstract Aim We investigate the role of preoperative PET parameters to determine risk classes and prognosis of endometrial cancer (EC). Methods We enrolled 81 patients with EC who underwent preoperative F-18 FDG PET/CT. PET parameters (SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, TLG), grade, histology and size of the primary tumor, stage of the disease, the degree of myometrial invasion (MI), and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI), cervical invasion (CI), distant metastasis (DM) and lymph node metastasis (LNM) were recorded. The relationship between PET parameters, clinicopathological risk factors and overall survival (OS) was evaluated. Results The present study included 81 patients with EC (mean age 60). Of the total sample, 21 patients were considered low risk (endometrioid histology, stage 1A, grade 1 or 2, tumor diameter < 4 cm, and LVI negative) and 60 were deemed high risk. All of the PET parameters were higher in the presence of a high-risk state, greater tumor size, deep MI, LVI and stage 1B-4B. MTV and TLG values were higher in the patients with non-endometrioid histology, CI, grade 3 and LNM. The optimum cut-off levels for differentiating between the high and low risk patients were: 11.1 for SUVmax (AUC = 0.757), 6 for SUVmean (AUC = 0.750), 6.6 for MTV(AUC = 0.838) and 56.2 for TLG(AUC = 0.835). MTV and TLG values were found as independent prognostic factors for OS, whereas SUVmax and SUVmean values were not predictive. Conclusions The PET parameters are useful in noninvasively differentiating between risk groups of EC. Furthermore, volumetric PET parameters can be predictive for OS of EC.

Short-term risk stratification using CADILLAC risk score in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Satou ◽  
H Kitahara ◽  
K Ishikawa ◽  
T Nakayama ◽  
Y Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recurrent Myocardial Infarction ◽  
St Elevation

Abstract Background The recent reperfusion therapy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has made the length of hospital stay shorter without adverse events. CADILLAC risk score is reportedly one of the risk scores predicting the long-term prognosis in STEMI patients. Purpose To invenstigate the usefulness of CADILLAC risk score for predicting short-term outcomes in STEMI patients. Methods Consecutive patients admitted to our university hospital and our medical center with STEMI (excluding shock, arrest case) who underwent primary PCI between January 2012 and April 2018 (n=387) were enrolled in this study. The patients were classified into 3 groups according to the CADILLAC risk score: low risk (n=176), intermediate risk (n=87), and high risk (n=124). Data on adverse events within 30 days after hospitalization, including in-hospital death, sustained ventricular arrhythmia, recurrent myocardial infarction, heart failure requiring intravenous treatment, stroke, or clinical hemorrhage, were collected. Results In the low risk group, adverse events within 30 days were significantly less observed, compared to the intermediate and high risk groups (n=13, 7.4% vs. n=13, 14.9% vs. n=58, 46.8%, p&lt;0.001). In particular, all adverse events occurred within 3 days in the low risk group, although adverse events, such as heart failure (n=4), recurrent myocardial infarction (n=1), stroke (n=1), and gastrointestinal bleeding (n=1), were substantially observed after day 4 of hospitalization in the intermediate and high risk groups. Conclusions In STEMI patients with low CADILLAC risk score, better short-term prognosis was observed compared to the intermediate and high risk groups, and all adverse events occurred within 3 days of hospitalization, suggesting that discharge at day 4 might be safe in this study population. CADILLAC risk score may help stratify patient risk for short-term prognosis and adjust management of STEMI patients. Initial event occurrence timing Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals A prognostic model based on seven immune-related genes predicts the overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yan ◽  
Wenjiang Zheng ◽  
Boqing Wang ◽  
Baoqian Ye ◽  
Huiyan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Prognostic Model ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Prognostic Performance ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with a high incidence and a poor prognosis. Growing amounts of evidence have shown that the immune system plays a critical role in the biological processes of HCC such as progression, recurrence, and metastasis, and some have discussed using it as a weapon against a variety of cancers. However, the impact of immune-related genes (IRGs) on the prognosis of HCC remains unclear. Methods Based on The Cancer Gene Atlas (TCGA) and Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort) datasets, we integrated the ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing profiles of 424 HCC patients with IRGs to calculate immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Survival analysis was used to establish a prognostic model of survival- and immune-related DEGs. Based on genomic and clinicopathological data, we constructed a nomogram to predict the prognosis of HCC patients. Gene set enrichment analysis further clarified the signalling pathways of the high-risk and low-risk groups constructed based on the IRGs in HCC. Next, we evaluated the correlation between the risk score and the infiltration of immune cells, and finally, we validated the prognostic performance of this model in the GSE14520 dataset. Results A total of 100 immune-related DEGs were significantly associated with the clinical outcomes of patients with HCC. We performed univariate and multivariate least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression analyses on these genes to construct a prognostic model of seven IRGs (Fatty Acid Binding Protein 6 (FABP6), Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau (MAPT), Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 5 (BIRC5), Plexin-A1 (PLXNA1), Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) and Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 5 (CSPG5)), which showed better prognostic performance than the tumour/node/metastasis (TNM) staging system. Moreover, we constructed a regulatory network related to transcription factors (TFs) that further unravelled the regulatory mechanisms of these genes. According to the median value of the risk score, the entire TCGA cohort was divided into high-risk and low-risk groups, and the low-risk group had a better overall survival (OS) rate. To predict the OS rate of HCC, we established a gene- and clinical factor-related nomogram. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve showed that this model had moderate accuracy. The correlation analysis between the risk score and the infiltration of six common types of immune cells showed that the model could reflect the state of the immune microenvironment in HCC tumours. Conclusion Our IRG prognostic model was shown to have value in the monitoring, treatment, and prognostic assessment of HCC patients and could be used as a survival prediction tool in the near future.

scholarly journals CanAssist Breast Impacting Clinical Treatment Decisions in Early-Stage HR+ Breast Cancer Patients: Indian Scenario

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Sankaran ◽  
Jyoti Bajpai Dikshit ◽  
Chandra Prakash SV ◽  
SE Mallikarjuna ◽  
SP Somashekhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCanAssist Breast (CAB) has thus far been validated on a retrospective cohort of 1123 patients who are mostly Indians. Distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS) of more than 95% was observed with significant separation (P < 0.0001) between low-risk and high-risk groups. In this study, we demonstrate the usefulness of CAB in guiding physicians to assess risk of cancer recurrence and to make informed treatment decisions for patients. Of more than 500 patients who have undergone CAB test, detailed analysis of 455 patients who were treated based on CAB-based risk predictions by more than 140 doctors across India is presented here. Majority of patients tested had node negative, T2, and grade 2 disease. Age and luminal subtypes did not affect the performance of CAB. On comparison with Adjuvant! Online (AOL), CAB categorized twice the number of patients into low risk indicating potential of overtreatment by AOL-based risk categorization. We assessed the impact of CAB testing on treatment decisions for 254 patients and observed that 92% low-risk patients were not given chemotherapy. Overall, we observed that 88% patients were either given or not given chemotherapy based on whether they were stratified as high risk or low risk for distant recurrence respectively. Based on these results, we conclude that CAB has been accepted by physicians to make treatment planning and provides a cost-effective alternative to other similar multigene prognostic tests currently available.

Identification of Molecular Biomarkers and Pathways for Risk Stratification in Human Papilloma Virus-Associated Cancers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Jung Kwon ◽  
Hye Ran Lee ◽  
Ju Ho Lee ◽  
Mihyang Ha ◽  
Yun Hak Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Molecular Biomarkers ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Tumor Microenvironments ◽  
Cell Immunity

Abstract Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major cause of cervical cancer (CC) etiology; its contribution to head and neck cancer (HNC) incidence is steadily increasing. As individual patients’ response to the treatment of HPV-associated cancer is variable, there is a pressing need for the identification of biomarkers for risk stratification that can help determine the intensity of treatment. Methods: We have previously reported a novel prognostic and predictive indicator (HPPI) scoring system in HPV-associated cancers regardless of the anatomical locations by analyzing the TCGA and GEO databases. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the association of group-specific expression patterns of common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high-risk and low-risk groups in HPV-associated CC and HNC, identifying a molecular biomarkers and pathways for the risk stratification. Results: Among the identified 174 DEGs, expression of the genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction pathway (ITGA5, ITGB1, LAMB1, LAMC1) were increased in high-risk groups in both HPV-associated CC and HNC while expression of the genes associated with the T-cell immunity (CD3D, CD3E, CD8B, LCK, and ZAP70) were decreased vise versa. The individual genes showed statistically significant prognostic impact on HPV-associated cancers but not on HPV-negative cancers. The expression levels of identified genes were similar between HPV-negative and HPV-associated high-risk groups with distinct expression patterns only in HPV-associated low-risk groups. Each group of genes showed negative correlations, and distinct patterns of immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironments. Conclusion: These results identify molecular biomarkers and pathways for risk stratification in HPV-associated cancers regardless of anatomical locations. The identified targets are selectively working in only HPV-associated cancers, but not in HPV-negative cancers indicating possibility of the selective targets governing HPV-infective tumor microenvironments.

The national impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on U.S. prostate cancer community care.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5061-5061
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Cooperberg ◽  
Paul Brendel ◽  
Daniel J. Lee ◽  
Rahul Doraiswami ◽  
Hariesh Rajasekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
T Stage ◽  
Risk Stratum ◽  
The Impact

5061 Background: We used data from a specialty-wide, community-based urology registry to determine trends in outpatient prostate cancer (PCa) care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: 3,165 (̃ 25%) of US urology providers, representing 48 states and territories, participate in the American Urological Association Quality (AQUA) Registry, which collects data via automated extraction from electronic health record systems. We analyzed trends in PCa care delivery from 156 practices contributing data in 2019 and 2020. Risk stratification was based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis, biopsy Gleason, and clinical T-stage, and we used a natural language processing algorithm to determine Gleason and T-stage from unstructured clinical notes. The primary outcome was mean weekly visit volume by PCa patients per practice (visits defined as all MD and mid-level visits, telehealth and face-to-face), and we compared each week in 2020 through week 44 (November 1) to the corresponding week in 2019. Results: There were 267,691 PCa patients in AQUA who received care between 2019 and 2020. From mid-March to early November, 2020 (week 10 – week 44) the magnitude of the decline and recovery varied by risk stratum, with the steepest drops for low-risk PCa (Table). For 2020, overall mean visits per day (averaged weekly) were similar to 2019 for the first 9 weeks (̃25). Visits declined to week 14 (18.19; a 31% drop from 2019), recovered to 2019 levels by week 23, and declined steadily to 11.89 (a 58% drop from 2019) as of week 44, the cut off of this analysis. Conclusions: Access to care for men with PCa was sharply curtailed by the COVID-19 pandemic, and while the impact was less for men with high-risk disease compared to those with low-risk disease, visits even for high-risk individuals were down nearly one-third and continued to fall through November. This study provides real-world evidence on the magnitude of decline in PCa care across risk groups. The impact of this decline on cancer outcomes should be followed closely.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals Development and Verification of the Hypoxia- and Immune-Associated Prognostic Signature for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongjie Chen ◽  
Hui Huang ◽  
Longjun Zang ◽  
Wenzhe Gao ◽  
Hongwei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Signature ◽  
Score Model

We aim to construct a hypoxia- and immune-associated risk score model to predict the prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). By unsupervised consensus clustering algorithms, we generate two different hypoxia clusters. Then, we screened out 682 hypoxia-associated and 528 immune-associated PDAC differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of PDAC using Pearson correlation analysis based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEx) dataset. Seven hypoxia and immune-associated signature genes (S100A16, PPP3CA, SEMA3C, PLAU, IL18, GDF11, and NR0B1) were identified to construct a risk score model using the Univariate Cox regression and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression, which stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups and were further validated in the GEO and ICGC cohort. Patients in the low-risk group showed superior overall survival (OS) to their high-risk counterparts (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, it was suggested by multivariate Cox regression that our constructed hypoxia-associated and immune-associated prognosis signature might be used as the independent factor for prognosis prediction (p &lt; 0.001). By CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms, we discovered that patients in high-risk groups had lower immune score, stromal score, and immune checkpoint expression such as PD-L1, and different immunocyte infiltration states compared with those low-risk patients. The mutation spectrum also differs between high- and low-risk groups. To sum up, our hypoxia- and immune-associated prognostic signature can be used as an approach to stratify the risk of PDAC.

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