scholarly journals Effect of Infection on Nutritional Status of Infants in a Cohort Study of Vitamin a in Western Kenya (P10-121-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Grant ◽  
Rose Wanjala ◽  
Jan Low ◽  
Carol Levin ◽  
Donald Coke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Subclinical Inflammation ◽  
Maternal Recall ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Infection is associated with impaired nutritional status especially of infants under 5 years old. We assessed the impact of infection indicated by both the acute phase proteins (APP), C-reactive protein (CRP) and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and as reported by maternal recall on the nutritional status of infants. Methods 505 pregnant women were enrolled into a nested longitudinal cohort study of vitamin A. Data analysis was restricted to infant data at 9-months (n = 385 mother-infant dyads) postpartum. Incidence and severity of respiratory infection and diarrhea over the previous 14 days were assessed by maternal recall; information on infant/child feeding practices were also collected. Infant weight, recumbent length and heel-prick capillary blood collection were taken at 9-months postpartum. Indicators of VA status [(retinol binding protein (RBP)], iron status (Hb, ferritin) and subclinical inflammation APP, CRP and AGP, were determined. Subclinical inflammation was defined as CRP >5 mg/L and/or AGP >1 g/L. Impacts of infection on infant nutritional status were estimated with multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for clustering and differences at enrollment. Results Infection prevalence, based on elevated CRP and AGP levels, was 36.7%. For diarrhea reported symptoms, 42.4% of infants at 9-months had no indication of infection as indicated by CRP and AGP; whilst for acute respiratory reported symptoms, 42.6% had no indication of infection. There was a weak but significant positive association with infection among VA deficient (RBP <0.83 µmol/L) infants based on maternal reported symptoms but not with iron deficiency (ferritin <12 µg/L). The odds of having infection, based on raised CRP and AGP, in underweight infants was 3.7 times higher (OR: 3.7; P = 0.019). Infants with iron deficiency were less likely (OR: 0.40; P = 0.001) to have infection based on CRP and AGP, whilst infants with VA deficiency were 5 times more likely (OR: 5.06; P = 0.0001) to have infection. Conclusions Acute phase proteins are more useful in defining infection in a population compared to reported symptoms of illness. Not controlling for inflammation in a population while assessing nutritional status might result in inaccurate prevalence estimation. Funding Sources Supported by the Bill &Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP53344).

Abstract 1629: Genetic Polymorphism A1675G On Angiotensin Receptor Type 2, Is Implicated In The Expression Of Acute Phase Proteins And The Development Of Coronary Atherosclerosis In Hypertensive Patients

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Tousoulis ◽  
Nikolas Koumallos ◽  
Charalambos Antoniades ◽  
Despina Kardara ◽  
Alexis S Antonopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Renin-angiotensin system affects cardiovascular disease pathogenesis through a balance of angiotensin II effects on proatherogenic constitutive type 1 and antiatherogenic inducible type 2 (AT2R) receptors. The impact of A1675G polymorphism on the development of hypertension and advanced atherosclerosis is controversial. We examined the impact of A1675G polymorphism on AT2R, on the risk for arterial hypertension and coronary atherosclerosis, and its effect on the expression of proatherogenic inflammatory molecules. Methods. The study population consisted of 310 males: 145 with arterial hypertension and 165 controls, matched for age and risk factors for atherosclerosis. Among hypertensive subjects, 37 had angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis and 108 had no evidence of atherosclerosis. The presence of A1675G polymorphism on AT2R gene (located in chromosome X) was determined by PCR. Serum levels of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen was measured in all the participants. Results. The frequency of the A allele was similar between patients with arterial hypertension (64/145, 44.1%) and non-hypertensive subjects (73/165, 44.2%, p=NS), while the risk for arterial hypertension was OR[95%CI]:1.004[0.641–1.574], p=0.985 for the G vs A carriers. However, the risk for coronary atherosclerosis within the group of hypertensive subjects was significantly elevated in the carriers of the A allele (OR[95%CI]:2.128[1.003–4.513], p=0.04 vs carriers of the G allele). Importantly, the presence of the A allele was also associated with significantly higher levels of CRP (4.8±0.8mg/dl) compared to the carriers of the G allele (3.0±0.3mg/dl, p<0.05). Similarly, fibrinogen levels were higher in A-allele carriers (median(25 th –75th percentile) 395(340 – 455) mg/ml) compared to G-allele carriers (369(320 – 406) mg/ml, p<0.05). Conclusions: Although genetic polymorphism A1675G on AT2R is not associated with the development of arterial hypertension, it affects the risk for coronary artery disease among hypertensive patients. The presence of the A allele also leads to higher levels of CRP and fibrinogen, implying that this polymorphism may induce atherogenesis by modulating acute phase response in hypertensive individuals.

Micronutrients and Infection with COVID-19: A Critical Mini-Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Yaghtin ◽  
Richard Webb ◽  
Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Low Serum

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been the cause of a global pandemic. Given the impact of nutritional status upon immune function, it is crucial to understand the relationship between micronutrient intake and severity of the disease. This mini-review aimed to summarize the known associations between specific micronutrients (vitamin A, D, E, C and zinc, selenium and magnesium) and the health of coronavirus-infected patients. Low serum levels of these micronutrients are associated with the incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the outcomes of supplementation with these nutrients.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status Is Associated with Function, Physical Performance and Falls in Older Adults Admitted to Geriatric Rehabilitation: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2855
Author(s):  
Miriam Urquiza ◽  
Naiara Fernandez ◽  
Ismene Arrinda ◽  
Irati Sierra ◽  
Jon Irazusta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Geriatric Rehabilitation ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
The Impact

Nutritional status is relevant to functional recovery in patients after an acute process requiring rehabilitation. Nevertheless, little is known about the impact of malnutrition on geriatric rehabilitation. This study aimed to determine the association between nutritional status at admission and the evolution of functional and physical outcomes, as well as the capability of nutritional status to identify fallers among patients admitted to geriatric rehabilitation for different reasons. This was a retrospective cohort study of 375 patients. Data collected included age, gender, diagnosis at admission, comorbidities, cognitive and nutritional status, functional and physical measurements, length of stay, mortality and falls. Orthogeriatric patients with worse nutritional status according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) had a significantly lower Barthel Index at admission and discharge with worse functional gain and poorer outcomes in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). However, in hospital-deconditioned patients, the MNA-SF score was not significantly associated with functional and physical recovery. Poor nutritional status at admission increased the risk of experiencing at least one fall during rehabilitation in orthogeriatric patients. However, hospital-deconditioned patients who fell had better SPPB scores than those who did not fall. Our results demonstrate the importance of nutritional status in the clinical evolution of orthogeriatric patients throughout the rehabilitation process.

The Impact of Minimally Invasive Colostomy on the Microbial Infection of the Abdominal Cavity and the Development of Intoxication Syndrome in Patients with Rectal Cancer Complicated by Acute Obstruction

10.12737/7265 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Тотиков ◽  
Z. Totikov ◽  
Тотиков ◽  
V. Totikov
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Minimal Access ◽  
Acute Obstruction ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Proximal Colostomy ◽  
The Impact

The article studies the influence of proximal colostomy formed through minimal access for microbial contamination of the abdominal cavity during the radical phase of treatment and the dynamics of the inflammatory changes and intoxication syndrome in patients with rectal cancer complicated by acute obstruction. The research on microbial contamination of the abdominal cavity was made in 32 patients, including 15 patients in whom obstruction was resolved conservatively and 17 patients in whom was made a proximal colostomy through mini-invasive access to eliminate acute obstruction. In 30 patients were investigated acute phase proteins and determined the level of toxemia available by calculation leukocyte index of intoxication. Blood sampling was carried out in patients with acute intestinal obstruction directly before applying the proximal colostomy, and before the second - a radical step treatment in 7-10 days. Found that the imposition of the proximal colostomy through minimal access does not lead to an increase in microbial contamination of the abdomen; helps reduce the level of acute phase proteins, the level of general toxemia and reduces the risk of postoperative inflammatory complications before performing radical phase of treatment.

Plasma and Breast Milk Vitamin A as Indicators of Vitamin A Status in Pregnant Women

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Semba ◽  
Newton Kumwenda ◽  
Taha Taha ◽  
Laban Mtimavalye ◽  
Robin Broadhead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Plasma Retinol

Breast milk vitamin A is not well characterized as an indicator of vitamin A status in women with infections. A controlled trial of vitamin A, 3 mg retinol equivalent/day, was conducted among 697 pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Malawi which allowed comparison of plasma versus breast milk vitamin A as indicators of vitamin A status. Retinol concentrations were measured in plasma at baseline (18–28 weeks) and 38 weeks gestation and breast milk at 6 weeks post-partum. Plasam a1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at baseline. Plasma retinol (geometric mean, SD) at 38 weeks was 0.72 (0.44, 1.18) and 0.61 (0,38, 0.98) mmol/L (P < 0.0002) and breast milk retinol was 1.32 (0.71, 2.43) and 0.95 (0.49, 1.82) mmol/L (P < 0.0001) in vitamin A and placebo groups, respectively. Women with elevated acute phase protein (AGP > 1 gm/L and/or CRP > 5 mg/L) at baseline who received vitamin A had significantly higher plasma and breast milk vitamin A at follow-up compared with placebo, Elevated acute phase proteins did not distinguish women with low body stores of vitamin A. Breast rnilk retinol appears to be a better indicator of vitamin A status than plasma retinol in women with infections.

scholarly journals A Program of Nutritional Education in Schools Reduced the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency in Students

Anemia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Nieves García-Casal ◽  
Maritza Landaeta-Jiménez ◽  
Rafael Puche ◽  
Irene Leets ◽  
Zoila Carvajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Nutritional Education ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Nutritional Health ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Before And After

The objective was to determine the prevalence of iron, folates and retinol deficiencies in school children and to evaluate the changes after an intervention of nutritional education. The project was developed in 17 schools. The sample included 1,301 children (678 males and 623 females). A subsample of 480 individuals, was randomly selected for drawing blood for biochemical determinations before and after the intervention of nutritional education, which included in each school: written pre and post-intervention tests, 6 workshops, 2 participative talks, 5 game activities, 1 cooking course and 1 recipe contest. Anthropometrical and biochemical determinations included weight, height, body-mass index, nutritional status, hematocrit, serum ferritin, retinol and folate concentrations. There was high prevalence of iron (25%), folates (75%) and vitamin A (43%) deficiencies in school children, with a low consumption of fruit and vegetables, high consumption of soft drinks and snacks and almost no physical activity. The nutritional education intervention produced a significant reduction in iron deficiency prevalence (25 to 14%), and showed no effect on vitamin A and folates deficiencies. There was a slight improvement in nutritional status. This study shows, through biochemical determinations, that nutritional education initiatives and programs have an impact improving nutritional health in school children.

Individuals with Hematological Malignancies Before Undergoing Chemotherapy Present Oxidative Stress Parameters and Acute Phase Proteins Correlated with Nutritional Status

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina de Quadros Camargo ◽  
Dayanne da Silva Borges ◽  
Paula Fernanda de Oliveira ◽  
Thayz Rodrigues Chagas ◽  
Joanita Angela Gonzaga Del Moral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Stress Parameters

scholarly journals Impact of radioiodine treatment on acute phase proteins in hyperthyroid cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110249
Author(s):  
Katharina Glück ◽  
Sabrina Mohrs ◽  
Katarina Hazuchova ◽  
Natali Bauer ◽  
Reto Neiger
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Radioiodine Treatment ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
The Impact

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of radioiodine treatment (RIT) on the acute phase proteins (APPs) serum amyloid A (SAA), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and haptoglobin (Hp) in hyperthyroid cats. Methods Between June 2013 and November 2014, 33 hyperthyroid cats without clinical or laboratory signs of inflammatory or neoplastic disease and a body weight >2.5 kg were enrolled. Immediately before, and 12, 36, 72 h and 6 days after RIT, serum samples were obtained for determination of APP concentrations. Results Both SAA and AGP concentrations changed significantly after RIT. The concentration of AGP increased gradually after treatment with a maximum concentration at the end of the study period (median baseline 398 μg/ml; median 6 days post-RIT 562 μg/ml [ P = 0.001]). A relevant >two-fold increase in AGP was seen in 8/33 (24%) cats. SAA concentration increased significantly within 12 h (baseline 9.2 μg/ml; 12 h post-RIT 22.5 μg/ml [ P = 0.012]). In 7/33 (21%) cats, a clinically relevant >10-fold increase in SAA was observed. Hp concentration showed no significant change ( P = 0.12). Conclusions and relevance RIT induced a mild, mainly not clinically relevant acute phase reaction (APR). AGP and SAA were useful APPs to determine RIT-induced APR.

scholarly journals Impact of a nutrition consultation on the rate of high output stoma-related readmission: an ambispective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Moreno Santamaría ◽  
José Javier Arenas Villafranca ◽  
Jimena Abilés ◽  
Francisco Rivas Ruiz ◽  
Pilar Utrilla Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stoma Creation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Output

AbstractThe aims of this study were to assess the impact of a follow-up nutrition consultation for ostomy patients on the rate of high output stoma (HOS)-related readmissions, as well as on the detection of poor nutritional status and their management, and to determine the associated economic impact. A single-centre ambispective cohort study was conducted in which all adult patients undergoing intestinal resection and stoma creation were recruited. Two nutrition consultations were established for early follow-up after hospital discharge and patients were prospectively included. Additionally, a retrospective search was carried out to include a control group. In both groups, a 12-month follow-up was conducted to record readmissions associated with high output stoma. A multivariate logistic regression was performed. Statistical significance level was established at p < 0.05. 170 patients were recruited, 85 patients in each cohort. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were recorded. A significant difference was observed in HOS-related readmissions, with readmission rates of 28.6% vs 10.3% in the retrospective and prospective cohort, respectively. At the first follow-up consultation, 50.5% of patients presented some degree of protein-calorie malnutrition. A statistically significant improvement in nutritional status was observed in the second evaluation. The intervention carried out resulted in a total saving of €24,175. Early follow-up of patients after discharge resulted in a significant reduction in the rate of HOS-related readmissions and allowed to identify a high percentage of patients with malnutrition. The cost analysis showed the process to be a cost-effective improvement.

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