scholarly journals A Program of Nutritional Education in Schools Reduced the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency in Students

Anemia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Nieves García-Casal ◽  
Maritza Landaeta-Jiménez ◽  
Rafael Puche ◽  
Irene Leets ◽  
Zoila Carvajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Nutritional Education ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Nutritional Health ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Before And After

The objective was to determine the prevalence of iron, folates and retinol deficiencies in school children and to evaluate the changes after an intervention of nutritional education. The project was developed in 17 schools. The sample included 1,301 children (678 males and 623 females). A subsample of 480 individuals, was randomly selected for drawing blood for biochemical determinations before and after the intervention of nutritional education, which included in each school: written pre and post-intervention tests, 6 workshops, 2 participative talks, 5 game activities, 1 cooking course and 1 recipe contest. Anthropometrical and biochemical determinations included weight, height, body-mass index, nutritional status, hematocrit, serum ferritin, retinol and folate concentrations. There was high prevalence of iron (25%), folates (75%) and vitamin A (43%) deficiencies in school children, with a low consumption of fruit and vegetables, high consumption of soft drinks and snacks and almost no physical activity. The nutritional education intervention produced a significant reduction in iron deficiency prevalence (25 to 14%), and showed no effect on vitamin A and folates deficiencies. There was a slight improvement in nutritional status. This study shows, through biochemical determinations, that nutritional education initiatives and programs have an impact improving nutritional health in school children.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Nutritional Education Intervention Focussed on Iron among School Children in National Capital Region and Mumbai

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Bharti ◽  
Ankita Marwaha ◽  
Teena Badshah ◽  
Rupali Sengupta ◽  
Bhavna Barmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Nutritional Education ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Alternate Hypothesis

Introduction: Anaemia is a major health problem in India. Various studies mention poor nutrition knowledge and education as main factors of malnutrition. Aim: This study aims at assessing the effect of nutritional education on iron among school children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional interventional study to improve nutrition literacy in schools was undertaken from April 2018 to February 2019. The outreach platform used was Eat Right School program by Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). A study tool employed was data collection using self-developed questionnaire for pre and post-intervention knowledge assessment. School children from Delhi NCR and Mumbai participated in this study. Knowledge intervention was done on 5 key elements related to iron including role, sources, iron deficiency anaemia, iron absorption and knowledge of fortification. Chi-squared test (α=0.05) was applied for comparison. Results: It was found that 54% (n=18,626) of school children studied were in the age group 11-14 years. From 27355 participants who reported the gender, 58.1% (n=15899) were boys and 41.9% (n=11456) girls. Comparison of pre and post-intervention assessment revealed that percentage of students knowing importance/role of iron increased from 27.30% to 59.50%, iron deficiency anaemia from 34.03% to 59.85%, sources of iron from 25.20% to 51.70%, iron absorption from 36.00% to 61.2% and knowledge of fortification from 55.4% to 76.9%. Thus, significant shift (p≤0.001) in all the parameters was observed; improvement in scores ranged from 21.5% to 32.20% with highest increase seen in understanding the role of iron. Conclusion: Results of the study reject the null hypothesis leading to acceptance of alternate hypothesis. The alternate hypothesis highlights the role of nutrition education in improving the nutritional literacy of school children in the area of iron and iron deficiency anaemia. Results of the current study increased the knowledge of children on all parameters related to iron education module. Thus, nutritional literacy is imperative in improving nutritional status and adolescent age-group is the window of opportunity to correct it.

scholarly journals Nutritional and health status of primary school children in rural Uganda

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (50) ◽  
pp. 5862-5880
Author(s):  
H Acham ◽  
◽  
JK Kikafunda ◽  
T Tylleskar ◽  
MK Malde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia

Poor nutrition and health can affect children’s education. The nutritional status of school children (9-15 years) was assessed in Kumi district, Eastern Uganda in 2006-2007. Selection of schools was done using modified cluster sampling involving 34 schools (n=645). Assessments for nutritional status were done anthropometrically (height and weight), biochemically (iron, n=145; iodine, n=87; and vitamin A, n=145) and assessment for health status was done following the formal ether concentration technique for examination for intestinal helminths (n=189) and a quick malaria (n=119) test for malaria parasites. Prevalence rates for stunting, underweight and thinness were 8.7% (95CI 6.7-11.1); 13.0% (95CI 10.6-15.8); and 10.1% (95CI 7.9-12.6), respectively of which males and the older age group of children were more affected. Prevalence rates for iodine deficiency, anaemia, iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) were 3.4% (95CI 0.9-9.1); 24.1% (95CI 17.7-31.6); 82.1% (95CI 75.2-87.7); and 30.3% (95CI 23.3- 38.2), respectively. Anaemia (measured as haemoglobin status), iron deficiency (measured as serum Ferritin) and VAD (measured as serum retinol) were higher among females (26.3%, 95CI 17.5-36.7; 83.8%, 95CI 74.4-90.7; 33.8%, 95CI 24.0-44.6) compared to males (21.5%, 95CI 12.8-32.8; 80%, 95CI 69.0-88.4; 26.2%, 95CI 16.6-37.8). Geohelminth (S.mansoni & N.americanus) and malaria parasitemia were 4.8% and 46.2%, respectively. Prevalence rates for stunting, iodine deficiency and geohelminth infections were low. The high prevalence rates of wasting/thinness, underweight, iron and vitamin A deficiencies show these as significant public health problems among school children in Kumi district. There is a need to focus attention on nutritional and health conditions of school children to improve their conditions. Much can be done to prevent malaria infection by promoting the use of Insecticide Treated Nets and chemoprophylaxis. The biennial dosage with albendazole for deworming, and universal use of iodized salt in Uganda are success stories that should continue; iron deficiency anaemia can be controlled through nutrition education, provision of nutritious school meals coupled with control of malaria and deworming. Since many children attend school, such services if delivered through school systems would assist those school children who most need them.

scholarly journals Effect of Infection on Nutritional Status of Infants in a Cohort Study of Vitamin a in Western Kenya (P10-121-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Grant ◽  
Rose Wanjala ◽  
Jan Low ◽  
Carol Levin ◽  
Donald Coke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Subclinical Inflammation ◽  
Maternal Recall ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Infection is associated with impaired nutritional status especially of infants under 5 years old. We assessed the impact of infection indicated by both the acute phase proteins (APP), C-reactive protein (CRP) and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and as reported by maternal recall on the nutritional status of infants. Methods 505 pregnant women were enrolled into a nested longitudinal cohort study of vitamin A. Data analysis was restricted to infant data at 9-months (n = 385 mother-infant dyads) postpartum. Incidence and severity of respiratory infection and diarrhea over the previous 14 days were assessed by maternal recall; information on infant/child feeding practices were also collected. Infant weight, recumbent length and heel-prick capillary blood collection were taken at 9-months postpartum. Indicators of VA status [(retinol binding protein (RBP)], iron status (Hb, ferritin) and subclinical inflammation APP, CRP and AGP, were determined. Subclinical inflammation was defined as CRP >5 mg/L and/or AGP >1 g/L. Impacts of infection on infant nutritional status were estimated with multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for clustering and differences at enrollment. Results Infection prevalence, based on elevated CRP and AGP levels, was 36.7%. For diarrhea reported symptoms, 42.4% of infants at 9-months had no indication of infection as indicated by CRP and AGP; whilst for acute respiratory reported symptoms, 42.6% had no indication of infection. There was a weak but significant positive association with infection among VA deficient (RBP <0.83 µmol/L) infants based on maternal reported symptoms but not with iron deficiency (ferritin <12 µg/L). The odds of having infection, based on raised CRP and AGP, in underweight infants was 3.7 times higher (OR: 3.7; P = 0.019). Infants with iron deficiency were less likely (OR: 0.40; P = 0.001) to have infection based on CRP and AGP, whilst infants with VA deficiency were 5 times more likely (OR: 5.06; P = 0.0001) to have infection. Conclusions Acute phase proteins are more useful in defining infection in a population compared to reported symptoms of illness. Not controlling for inflammation in a population while assessing nutritional status might result in inaccurate prevalence estimation. Funding Sources Supported by the Bill &Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP53344).

Nutritional Status of Vitamin A in Morbid Obesity before and after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 970-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Villaça Chaves ◽  
Silvia Elaine Pereira ◽  
Carlos José Saboya ◽  
Andréa Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Contribution of Amaranthus cruentus and Solanum macrocarpon Leaves Flour to Nutrient Intake and Effect on Nutritional Status of Rural School Children in Volta Region, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Godfred Egbi ◽  
Mary Glover-Amengor ◽  
Margaret M. Tohouenou ◽  
Francis Zotor
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Background. Plant-based foods are staple diets and main micronutrient sources of most rural Ghanaian households. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Amaranthus cruentus and Solanum macrocarpon leafy vegetable flour on micronutrient intake and nutritional status of rural Ghanaian school children. Method. This study was a randomized controlled trial that consisted of baseline data collection and a three-month nutrition intervention feeding program. Two groups of 53 children, age 4–9 years, involved in the Ghana School Feeding Program took part in the study. An experimental group consumed Amaranthus cruentus and Solanum macrocarpon leaves flour (ACSMLVF) stews and soup. The control group consumed stews and soup without ACSMLVF. Haemoglobin and serum vitamin A concentrations were determined. Dietary and anthropometric data were collected and analysed. Participants were screened for malaria parasitaemia and hookworm. Results. Anaemia was present in 41.5% and 37.3%, respectively, of the intervention and control groups at baseline. It was present in 28.3% and 53.3%, respectively, at the end of the study. This was significantly different (p=0.024). There was a low vitamin A concentration in 66.0% and 64.7% at baseline and 20.8% and 23.4% at the end of the study in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The mean iron, zinc, and provitamin A (beta-carotene) intakes of the intervention group were 14.2 ± 7.1 mg, 5.7 ± 2.1 mg, and 214.5 ± 22.6 μg, respectively, at baseline. Those of the control were 13.7 ± 6.1 mg, 5.4 ± 2.1 mg, and 210.6 ± 20.1 μg, respectively. At the end of the study, the mean intake of iron, zinc, and beta-carotene for the intervention group was 24.1 ± 10.9 mg, 13.8 ± 8.2 mg, and 694.2 ± 33.1 μg, respectively. The intake of these micronutrients for the control at the end of the study was 14.8 ± 6.2 mg, 5.9 ± 2.3 mg, and 418.4 ± 34.7 μg, respectively. Conclusion. Consumption of ACSMLVF stews and soup increased iron, zinc, and beta-carotene intakes. Anaemia prevalence was lower in the intervention group at the end of the study.

scholarly journals Gambaran status gizi dan faktor risiko kecacingan pada anak cacingan di masyarakat Dayak Meratus, Kecamatan Loksado, Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Annida Annida ◽  
Deni Fakhrizal ◽  
Juhairiyah Juhairiyah ◽  
Budi Hairani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Helminthiasis is a disease caused by intestinal parasite helminth with a high prevalence and spread throughout Indonesia, not deadly but secretly and slowly affect the health and productivity of patients through the decline in nutritional status. Slow and less symptom-prone effects cause the disease to be neglected among other diseases. This research is descriptive observational with cross sectional design, to know the description of nutritional status and risk factors of helminthiasis at elementary school children suffering from helminth in Meratus Dayak community, conducted in April 2017 at SDN Loksado and SDN Tanuhi, Loksado Subdistrict, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, South Kalimantan Province. The results showed 6.5% of helminthiasis occurred in the Dayak community in the Loksado Subdistrict. Helminthiasis consists caused by hookworm (58.33%), Enterobius (16.66), Hymenolepis (8.33%), Trichuris (8.33%), and mix infection of hookworm and enterobius (8.33%). However, this helminthiasis has not had an impact on the patient's nutritional status and progressed without symptoms, indicated by the nutritional status of patients who are mostly in the normal category until the fat. Although helminthiasis is not a deadly disease and is emergency, but the risk factor of helminthiasis in the patient can cause chronic infestation and transmission to other children. Keywords          : helminthiasis, nutritional status, risk factors

scholarly journals Relationships between vitamin A, iron status and helminthiasis in Bangladeshi school children

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Persson ◽  
F Ahmed ◽  
M Gebre-Medhin ◽  
T Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
School Children ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationships between biochemical indicators of vitamin A and iron status and the intestinal helminthsAscaris lumbricoidesand hookworm in primary school children.SettingTwo rural governmental schools in northwestern Bangladesh.DesignCross-sectional study.SubjectsThe sample consisted of 164 children in grades 3–5.MethodsSerum retinol and β-carotene (by high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC), haemoglobin (HemoCue), ferritin (enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay, ELIZA) and height and weight were measured. Dietary intake of vitamin A was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and faecal analyses were done using Stoll's egg-count technique.ResultsThe mean serum retinol was 26.8 μg dl−1and 20% had a level of <20 μg dl−1, the cut-off value for low vitamin A status. There was a strong positive association between serum β-carotene and serum retinol (r= 0.44,P<0.001), suggesting those with higher retinol levels had a higher carotene intake. Thirty-one per cent were anaemic (Hb <11.5 g dl−1), 30% had iron deficiency (serum ferritin <12.0 μg l−1) and 14% were suffering from iron deficiency anaemia. Children with a serum retinol level of 20 μg dl−1had significantly lower ferritin (14.0 compared to 26.0 μg l−1,P= 0.005) and Hb levels (11.7 compared to 12.4 g dl−1,P= 0.005) than those with higher levels. The proportion of iron deficiency anaemia was significantly greater among children with hookworm. Our data suggest that hookworm exerts its impact on iron status independently of the vitamin A status of the host.ConclusionsProgrammes to improve iron status should consider including both vitamin A prevention programmes and deworming.

scholarly journals Studies on the nutritional status of children aged 0–5 years in a drought-affected desert area of western Rajasthan, India

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 961-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu B Singh ◽  
Ranjana Fotedar ◽  
J Lakshminarayana ◽  
PK Anand
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Desert Area ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveThe present study was undertaken to assess the impact of drought on the nutritional status of pre-school children aged 0–5 years from a rural population in a desert area facing drought conditions very frequently.DesignThe sampling design for assessment was the three-stage sampling technique.SettingThe study was carried out in 24 villages belonging to six tehsils (sub-units of district) of Jodhpur District, a drought-affected desert district of western Rajasthan, during a drought in 2003.SubjectsA total of 914 children were examined at household level, with nutritional status assessed by anthropometry, dietary intake and clinical signs of nutritional deficiency.ResultsThe results revealed growth retardation. Stunting (malnutrition of long duration) was observed in 53% of children and underweight in 60%. Wasting, an indicator of short-duration malnutrition, was present in 28% of children. The extent of malnutrition was significantly higher in girls than boys (P < 0.05). Vitamin A and B complex deficiencies were found in 0.7 and 3.0% of children, respectively. Prevalence of marasmus (protein–energy malnutrition, PEM) was 1.7% (2.3% in boys and 1.1% in girls). Overall deficits in mean energy and protein intakes were very high (76 and 54%, respectively). Comparison of the present drought results with earlier studies in desert normal and desert drought conditions showed higher prevalence of PEM and higher dietary energy and protein deficiencies.ConclusionsThe prevalence of wasting was high, greater than the cut-off point of 15% stated by the World Health Organization to indicate that the severity of malnutrition is critical. PEM, vitamin A and B complex deficiencies and anaemia, along with dietary deficits of energy and protein, were observed to be higher than in non-desert areas. This may be due to the harsh environmental conditions in desert areas where drought occurs quite frequently and adversely affects the economy, largely by eroding the coping capacity and economic potential of the people as a result of heavy livestock losses and reduced harvests, leading to increased poverty and poor food intake of the inhabitants. Due to inadequate consumption of daily food the children were suffering from wasting and PEM. Efforts should be made to incorporate measures, such as ensuring the supply of adequate energy and protein to all age groups and especially pre-school children, into ongoing nutrition programmes in order to improve the food security of local inhabitants in this area.

scholarly journals Multi-micronutrient-fortified biscuits decreased the prevalence of anaemia and improved iron status, whereas weekly iron supplementation only improved iron status in Vietnamese school children

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 1419-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Trung Hieu ◽  
Fanny Sandalinas ◽  
Agnès de Sesmaisons ◽  
Arnaud Laillou ◽  
Nguyen Phuong Tam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

In Vietnam, nutrition interventions do not target school children despite a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies. The present randomised, placebo-controlled study evaluated the impact of providing school children (n 403) with daily multiple micronutrient-fortified biscuits (FB) or a weekly Fe supplement (SUP) on anaemia and Fe deficiency. Micronutrient status was assessed by concentrations of Hb, and plasma ferritin (PF), transferrin receptor (TfR), Zn and retinol. After 6 months of intervention, children receiving FB or SUP had a significantly better Fe status when compared with the control children (C), indicated by higher PF (FB: geometric mean 36·9 (95 % CI 28·0, 55·4) μg/l; SUP: geometric mean 46·0 (95 % CI 33·0, 71·7) μg/l; C: geometric mean 34·4 (95 % CI 15·2, 51·2) μg/l; P < 0·001) and lower TfR concentrations (FB: geometric mean 5·7 (95 % CI 4·8, 6·52) mg/l; SUP: geometric mean 5·5 (95 % CI 4·9, 6·2) mg/l; C: geometric mean 5·9 (95 % CI 5·1, 7·1) mg/l; P = 0·007). Consequently, body Fe was higher in children receiving FB (mean 5·6 (sd 2·2) mg/kg body weight) and SUP (mean 6·1 (sd 2·5) mg/kg body weight) compared with the C group (mean 4·2 (sd 3·3) mg/kg body weight, P < 0·001). However, anaemia prevalence was significantly lower only in the FB group (1·0 %) compared with the C group (10·4 %, P = 0·006), with the SUP group being intermediate (7·4 %). Children receiving FB had better weight-for-height Z-scores after the intervention than children receiving the SUP (P = 0·009). Vitamin A deficiency at baseline modified the intervention effect, with higher Hb concentrations in vitamin A-deficient children receiving FB but not in those receiving the SUP. This indicates that vitamin A deficiency is implicated in the high prevalence of anaemia in Vietnamese school children, and that interventions should take other deficiencies besides Fe into account to improve Hb concentrations. Provision of biscuits fortified with multiple micronutrients is effective in reducing anaemia prevalence in school children.

scholarly journals Intervención en alimentación y actividad física en escolares de Quillota, Chile: Efectos sobre marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular.

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Selva Leticia Luna ◽  
Mariane Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Year ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State Programs ◽  
Eating Practices ◽  
The Impact

Background: Chilean school children present a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors related with bad eating practices and sedentary habits, including overweight and obesity. Objective: to evaluate the impact on RCV of improving the quality of meals delivered by State programs for school children and optimizing their physical activity. Methods: an intervention study was realized in 269 children of both sexes attending third basic grade during 2013 in Quillota, Chile. The subjects were randomized into four groups: Control (C, no intervention); Intervention in diet with the addition of dehydrated vegetables into desserts and jellies given at lunch (D); Intervention in physical activity, improving quantity and quality (PA); Intervention in diet and PA (DPA). Anthropometry and biochemical serum markers were assayed before and after the intervention. Results: no evidence of change in nutritional status as an effect of the interventions was observed during the annual school period. The level of triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol augmented in the group C but not in the intervened groups. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and glucose did not differ in children from groups D, PA and DPA versus Control. Conclusion: even though the intervention of diet and/or physical activity in children during a school year was probably too short to support changes in the nutritional status, a reduction in some CVR factors may already be observed.

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