Cluster Analysis of Micronutrients in Raw and Minimally Processed Plant Foods (P24-049-19)

Abstract Objectives This study aims to determine groups of unprocessed plant-based foods that have similar micronutrient profiles. Methods Raw and minimally processed plant foods (fruits, fruit juices, vegetables, nuts and seeds, legumes, cereal grains and pasta) were identified from the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Legacy (2018). A dataset of concentrations of selected micronutrients per 100 g of the food was prepared. These micronutrients included calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate. The micronutrient concentrations were standardized ranging from 0 to 1, and analyzed using hierarchical clustering analysis (Ward's method). Squared euclidean distance was used for dissimilarity measure, and agglomeration schedule was used for determine the optimal clusters. Dendograms were plotted to visualize the clusters. Results The selected foods can be grouped into 4 clusters according to the result of agglomeration schedule. Dendrogram showed that cluster 1 (44 foods) contained 26 grains like cornmeal, rice and sorghum, 11 nut and seeds like walnuts and almond, 4 legumes and 3 vegetables. Cluster 2 (293 foods) was mainly fresh fruits and vegetables (277 foods), 9 grains like degermed cornmeal, 5 nuts and 2 legumes. Cluster 3 were 28 legumes. Cluster 4 (36 foods) contained 16 dried vegetables like dehydrated carrot and dried onions, 9 nuts, 8 legumes and 3 grains. Each cluster had distinct micronutrient profiles. On a 100 g basis, cluster 4 had almost the highest levels of all nutrients except vitamin D and B-12. Cluster 1 and 3 were rich in P, K, Zn, thiamin and cluster, but cluster 1 also had high amount of Fe and folate. Cluster 2 had the highest amount of vitamin D. Conclusions The cluster analysis on micronutrients of raw and minimally processed foods provides an alternate means to group foods based on nutrients. These results help identify foods of similar nutrients and can provide information to support dietetic practice and patient education for improving dietary quality and variety. Funding Sources USDA National Nutrient Databank for Food Composition (8040–52,000-064–00D).

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Vitamin Profile of Some Standardized Nigerian Composite Dishes

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000023 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 80 (6) ◽

pp. 378-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Onabanjo ◽

Aderibigbe ◽

Akinyemi ◽

Adetogun

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Pantothenic Acid ◽

Food Composition ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Total Vitamin ◽

Water Soluble Vitamin ◽

Food Composition Data ◽

Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽

Representative Samples

The purpose of the study was to determine the vitamin content of twenty standardized dishes commonly consumed in Nigeria. Representative samples of twenty Nigerian dishes were analyzed for fat-soluble (vitamins A, D, E, and K) and water-soluble (vitamin C and B- complexes) vitamins. The foods analyzed included those based on cereals, starchy tubers and roots, legumes, and vegetables. The analysis was carried out using spectrophotometry. The results revealed the following concentrations (mg/100 g): vitamin C , undetectable to 2.692 mg/100 g; thiamine, 0.011 - 1.094 mg/100 g; riboflavin, 0.011 - 0.816 mg/100 g; pyridoxine, undetectable to 0.412 mg/100 g; niacin, 0.070 - 0.967 mg/100 g; pantothenic acid, 0.060 - 1.193 mg/100 g; biotin, undetectable to 2.092 mg/100 g; B12, 0.045 - 2.424 µg/100 g; folate, 7.822 - 101.764 µg/100 g; total vitamin A, undetectable to 121.444 µg RE/100 g; vitamin D, undetectable to 2.445 IU/100 g; vitamin E, undetectable to 2.627 IU/100 g; and vitamin K, 0.266 - 13.091 µg/100 g. The results suggest that these dishes are good sources of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins and will provide baseline data that will be valuable in complementing available food composition data, and in estimating dietary intake of vitamins in Nigeria.

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Homocysteine Levels Show Significant Differences among Mediterranean Dietary Quality Index Variables Compared to Folate and Vitamin B12 Status in Women

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000237 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 85 (3-4) ◽

pp. 202-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ivona Višekruna ◽

Ivana Rumbak ◽

Ivana Rumora Samarin ◽

Irena Keser ◽

Jasmina Ranilović

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poor Diet ◽

The Mediterranean

Abstract. Results of epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have shown that subjects following the Mediterranean diet had lower inflammatory markers such as homocysteine (Hcy). Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess female diet quality with the Mediterranean diet quality index (MDQI) and to determine the correlation between MDQI, homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 levels in the blood. The study participants were 237 apparently healthy women (96 of reproductive age and 141 postmenopausal) between 25 and 93 years. For each participant, 24-hour dietary recalls for 3 days were collected, MDQI was calculated, and plasma Hcy, serum and erythrocyte folate and vitamin B12 levels were analysed. Total MDQI ranged from 8 to 10 points, which represented a medium-poor diet for the subjects. The strength of correlation using biomarkers, regardless of group type, age, gender and other measured parameters, was ranked from best (0.11) to worst (0.52) for olive oil, fish, fruits and vegetables, grains, and meat, in this order. Hcy levels showed the best response among all markers across all groups and food types. Our study shows significant differences between variables of the MDQI and Hcy levels compared to levels of folate and vitamin B12 in participants with medium-poor diet quality, as evaluated according to MDQI scores.

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Echocardiographic phenotypes of patients with sickle cell disease. An unsupervised analysis based on etendard cohort

European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging ◽

10.1093/ehjci/jeaa356.023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

T D"humieres ◽

J Inamo ◽

S Deswarte ◽

T Damy ◽

G Loko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Cardiac Output ◽

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

Diastolic Function ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Clinical Profiles ◽

Cluster 2

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): PHRC Backgroung Echocardiography is the cornerstone in the diagnosis of cardiopulmonary involvement in sickle cell disease (SCD). However, given the unique pathophysiology of SCD associating high cardiac output, and various degrees of peripheral vasculopathy, differentiate the pathological from the physiological using echocardiography can be particularly challenging. Purpose This study sought to link cardiac phenotypes in homozygous SCD patients with clinical profiles and outcomes using cluster analysis. Methods We analyzed data of 379 patients with a sufficient echographic dataset included in the French Etendard Cohort, a prospective cohort initially designed to assess the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension. A cluster analysis was performed on echocardiographic variables, and the association between clusters and clinical profiles and outcomes was assessed. Results Three clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (N = 122) patients had the lowest cardiac output, only mild left cavities remodeling, diastolic dysfunction, and high tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV). They were predominantly female, as old as cluster 2, and displayed the most severe functional limitation. Cluster 2 (N = 103) patients had the highest cardiac output, left ventricular mass and a severely dilated left atrium. Diastolic function and TRV were similar to cluster 1. These patients had a higher blood pressure and a severe hemolytic anemia. Cluster 3 (N = 154) patients had mild left cavities remodeling, the best diastolic function and the lowest TRV. They were younger patients with the highest hemoglobin and lowest hemolytic markers. Right heart catheterization was performed in 94 patients. Cluster 1 gathered the majority of precapillary PH while cluster 2 gathered postcapillary PH and no PH was found in cluster 3. After a follow-up of 9.9 years (IQR: 9.3 to 10.5 years) death occurred in 38 patients (10%). Clusters 2 had the worst prognosis with 18% mortality rate vs. 12% in cluster 2 and 5% in cluster 1 (P log-rank = 0,02). Results are summarized in the central illustration. Conclusions Cluster analysis of echocardiographic variables identified 3 phenotypes among SCD patients, each associated with different clinical features and outcome. These findings underlines the necessity to rethink echocardiographic evaluation of SCD patients, with an integrative approach based on simultaneous evaluation of TRV along with left cavities remodeling and diastolic parameters. Abstract Figure.

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Nutritional considerations of a pediatric gluten free food guide for celiac disease

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521000994 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-31

Author(s):

Diana R. Mager ◽

Samantha Cyrkot ◽

Christine Lirette ◽

Herbert Brill ◽

Jenna Dowhaniuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Free Food ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Literacy ◽

Nutrition Guidelines

Abstract The gluten free (GF) diet is the only treatment for celiac disease (CD). While the GF diet can be nutritious, increased reliance on processed and packaged GF foods can result in higher fat/sugar and lower micronutrient intake in children with CD. Currently, there are no evidence-based nutrition guidelines that address the GF diet. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to describe the methodological considerations in forming a GF food guide for Canadian children and youth (4-18 years) with CD. Food guide development occurred in three phases: 1) evaluation of nutrient intake and dietary patterns of children on the GF diet, 2) pre-guide stakeholder consultations with 151 health care professionals and 383 community end users, and 3) development of 1260 GF diet simulations that addressed cultural preferences and food traditions, diet patterns and diet quality. Stakeholder feedback identified nutrient intake and food literacy as important topics for guide content. Except for vitamin D, the diet simulations met 100% macro- and micronutrient requirements for age-sex. The pediatric GF plate model recommends intake of >50% fruits and vegetables, <25% grains and 25% protein foods with a stronger emphasis on plant-based sources. Vitamin D fortified fluid milk/unsweetened plant-based alternatives and other rich sources are important to optimize vitamin D intake. The GF food guide can help children consume a nutritiously adequate GF diet and inform policy makers regarding the need for nutrition guidelines in pediatric CD.

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Quality of Minimally Processed Products Marketed in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v4n5p157 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 157

Author(s):

Fabíola Gonçalves da COSTA ◽

Adelino Cunha Neto ◽

Luiz José Rodrigues ◽

Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Foreign Matter ◽

Minimally Processed ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Modern Times ◽

Brazilian Legislation ◽

Processed Products ◽

Sanitary Conditions

Consumers have been increasingly seeking healthier foods without sacrificing sensory satisfaction and convenience, which are highly acclaimed attributes in modern times. Minimally processed products can meet these demands. The present study evaluated the microbiological, microscopic and physicochemical quality of minimally processed fruits and vegetables marketed in Cuiabá, Brazil. A total of 36 samples, consisting of sliced melon, fruit salad in pieces, grated carrot, diced melon, sliced papaya and pineapple rounds were subjected to microbiological, microscopic and physicochemical analyses. <em>Salmonella</em> spp. was absent in all samples, while 27.8% (10/36) of the samples showed coliform counts at 45 °C over 2.0 and 2.7 log CFU.g<sup>-1</sup> in fruit and vegetables, respectively. Light dirt and foreign matter were present in 55.5% of the samples (20/36), including wood fragments and insect/animal excrements (rat hair) in 13.9% (5/36) of the samples. The pH and soluble solids (°Brix) results ranged from 3.84 to 6.66 and from 8.19 to 10.24, respectively. The products were in different stages of maturation and 27.8% (10/36) of the sliced papaya and grated carrots were in unsatisfactory sanitary conditions under the current Brazilian legislation.

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Study of nitrate levels in fruits and vegetables to assess the potential health risks in Bangladesh

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84032-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rayhan Uddin ◽

Mostak Uddin Thakur ◽

Mohammad Zia Uddin ◽

G. M. Rabiul Islam

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Health Risks ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Risk Index ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Point Estimate ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Nitrate Accumulation ◽

Health Risk Index ◽

Potential Health

AbstractNitrate is a chemical compound naturally present in fruits and vegetables. This study aims at assessing the nitrate levels and health risks arising from high consumption of fruits and vegetables in Bangladesh. Sixteen species of fruits and vegetables were examined for nitrates using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photo Diode Array (PDA) detector. Ward’s hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out to identify the cluster of tested fruits and vegetables for the nitrate contents. A point estimate of the daily intake was applied to find the health risks that arise due to elevated levels of nitrate in fruits and vegetables. The results show that root and tuber vegetables accumulate significantly higher levels of nitrate in comparison to fruits and fruit vegetables (P < 0.05). In cluster analysis, the nitrate accumulation of fruits and vegetables show four clear clusters contributing to 29.54%, 7.17%, 4.42%, and 58.57% of the total nitrate content in the entire sample. The risk assessment of the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Health Risk Index (HRI) of almost all the tested samples was in the acceptable range, except for radish, thereby indicating the acceptance of risk due to nitrate intake in Bangladesh. As nitrate may have had risk factor for health, during cultivation and storing the product should be properly monitored.

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Evaluation of a gait scoring system for cattle by using cluster analysis and Krippendorff’s α reliability

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.105059 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 184 (7) ◽

pp. 220-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nina Volkmann ◽

Jenny Stracke ◽

Nicole Kemper

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Scoring System ◽

Partial Agreement ◽

Claw Lesions ◽

Cluster 2 ◽

Locomotion Score

The aim of the presented study was to validate a three-point locomotion score (LS) classifying lameness in dairy cows. Therefore, locomotion of 144 cows was scored and data on claw lesions were collected during hoof trimming. Based on latter data a cluster analysis was performed to objectively classify cows into three groups (Cluster 1–3). Finally, the congruence between scoring system and clustering was tested using Krippendorff’s α reliability. In total, 63 cows (43.7 per cent) were classified as non-lame (LS1), 38 (26.4 per cent) were rated as LS2 with an uneven gait and 43 (29.9 per cent) cows were ranked as clearly lame (LS3). In comparison, hoof-trimming data revealed 64 cows (44.4 per cent) to show no diagnosis, 37 (25.7 per cent) one diagnosis, 33 animals (22.9 per cent) two diagnoses and 10 (7.0 per cent) more than two. Comparing the respective categorisation received by either the cluster analysis or LS in between groups, a high correspondence (79.4 per cent and 83.7 per cent) could be found for LS1 and cluster 1 as well as for LS3 and cluster 3. Only LS2 had partial agreement (21.1 per cent) to cluster 2. However, Krippendorff’s α was 0.75 (95 per cent CI 0.68 to 0.81), indicating a good degree of reliability. Therefore, the results of this study suggested that the presented LS is suitable for classifying the cows’ state of lameness representing their claw diseases.

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Feasibility of Phototherapy as a Community-Based Solution for Vitamin D Deficiency

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_091 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 240-240

Author(s):

Mary McCarthy ◽

Evelyn Elshaw ◽

Barbara Szekely ◽

Tom Beltran

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Self Care ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Previous Treatment ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Skin Type ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Final Sample ◽

Relationship Of

Abstract Objectives 1. Determine acceptability and feasibility of a phototherapy kiosk designed as a self-care intervention for low vitamin D; 2. Demonstrate that narrow spectrum ultraviolet (UV) B delivered by the kiosk is equivalent to recommended daily D3 supplementation to raise or maintain serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)D levels at or above 30 ng/mL; and 3. Examine the relationship of demographic variables, including age, gender, body mass index, physical activity, ethnicity, skin type, season, and sun exposure to serum 25(OH)D levels in both treatment arms. Methods Participants were randomized to either the phototherapy kiosk (PK) for a treatment every other week or 600 IU D3 oral supplement (OS) daily, for 10 weeks. PK exposure was based on response to previous treatment and Fitzpatrick Skin Type category; subjects wore undergarments only and eye protection for treatments of 2–6 minutes duration. OS group received a one-time prescription of 70 capsules, dispensed by a research pharmacist. Primary outcome was serum 25(OH)D level. Results Final sample 88 adults; OS group n = 45 and PK group n = 43. Demographics: median age 35 years, mostly female (66%), no difference observed between groups for age, race/ethnicity, or marital status. No difference seen in skin type, birth location, sun exposure, or use of sunscreen. OS group had higher BMI and %body fat. Baseline 25(OH)D level were similar, P = 0.25. At 12 weeks median OS 25(OH)D 25.5 ng/mL and PK 30 ng/mL; P = .01. At 16 weeks, OS group 25(OH)D level 21 ng/mL and PK 27 ng/mL; P = .04. Adherence: OS 92% vs PK 100%. There were no reportable adverse events. Conclusions Use of PK every other week achieved higher serum levels of 25(OH)D than usual care vitamin D3 600 IU/day for 10 weeks, although both groups returned to baseline levels 30 days post-treatment. At a time when self-care measures are highly valued for health promotion, programmed UVB delivered via PK in the community appears to be a safe, efficacious alternative to oral D3 supplementation but requires recurring use. Results from this study suggest a need for early intervention in preventable health conditions impacting Warfighter performance and readiness, particularly pre-deployment when optimizing long-term wellness for duty in austere environments. Funding Sources Benesol, Inc.

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