Evaluation of Trinder's Glucose Oxidase Method for Measuring Glucose in Serum and Urine

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1754-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A Lott ◽  
Kathie Turner
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Color Reaction ◽  
Critical Variable ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Serum And Urine ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Trinder's method for glucose has nearly all the attributes of an ideal automated colorimetric glucose oxidase procedure. The chemicals used in the color reaction with peroxidase are readily available, the solutions are stable and can be prepared by the user, the method is highly specific and largely free of interferences, the sensitivity can be adjusted by the user to cover a wide range of glucose concentrations, and the reagents are not hazardous. We found very good agreement between results by this method and by the hexokinase and Beckman Glucose Analyzer methods. The method has been modified and adapted to the AutoAnalyzer I and SMA 6/60 (Technicon) with manifolds that give very little interaction between specimens. A study of the method by the simplex technique revealed that the glucose oxidase activity in the reagent is the most critical variable.

scholarly journals Separate Universe calibration of the dependence of halo bias on cosmic web anisotropy

2020 ◽  
Vol 499 (3) ◽  
pp. 4418-4431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujatha Ramakrishnan ◽  
Aseem Paranjape
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Initial Perturbation ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Web Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Galaxy Assembly ◽  
Very High ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACT We use the Separate Universe technique to calibrate the dependence of linear and quadratic halo bias b1 and b2 on the local cosmic web environment of dark matter haloes. We do this by measuring the response of halo abundances at fixed mass and cosmic web tidal anisotropy α to an infinite wavelength initial perturbation. We augment our measurements with an analytical framework developed in earlier work that exploits the near-lognormal shape of the distribution of α and results in very high precision calibrations. We present convenient fitting functions for the dependence of b1 and b2 on α over a wide range of halo mass for redshifts 0 ≤ z ≤ 1. Our calibration of b2(α) is the first demonstration to date of the dependence of non-linear bias on the local web environment. Motivated by previous results that showed that α is the primary indicator of halo assembly bias for a number of halo properties beyond halo mass, we then extend our analytical framework to accommodate the dependence of b1 and b2 on any such secondary property that has, or can be monotonically transformed to have, a Gaussian distribution. We demonstrate this technique for the specific case of halo concentration, finding good agreement with previous results. Our calibrations will be useful for a variety of halo model analyses focusing on galaxy assembly bias, as well as analytical forecasts of the potential for using α as a segregating variable in multitracer analyses.

Estimation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Branched Hydrocarbons

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui He ◽  
Mohamad Metghalchi ◽  
James C. Keck
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Statistical Thermodynamic ◽  
Motion Modes ◽  
Branched Alkanes ◽  
Branched Hydrocarbons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
On Line ◽  
Kinetic Calculations ◽  
Good Agreement

A simple model has been developed to estimate the sensible thermodynamic properties such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, heat capacity, and entropy of hydrocarbons over a wide range of temperatures with special attention to the branched molecules. The model is based on statistical thermodynamic expressions incorporating translational, rotational and vibrational motions of the atoms. A method to determine the number of degrees of freedom for different motion modes (bending and torsion) has been established. Branched rotational groups, such as CH3 and OH, have been considered. A modification of the characteristic temperatures for different motion mode has been made which improves the agreement with the exact values for simple cases. The properties of branched alkanes up to 2,3,4,-trimthylpentane have been calculated and the results are in good agreement with the experimental data. A relatively small number of parameters are needed in this model to estimate the sensible thermodynamic properties of a wide range of species. The model may also be used to estimate the properties of molecules and their isomers, which have not been measured, and is simple enough to be easily programmed as a subroutine for on-line kinetic calculations. [S0195-0738(00)00902-X]

scholarly journals Rate Equation Modelling of Nonlinear Dynamics in Directly Modulated Multiple Quantum Well Laser Diodes

VLSI Design ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Bennett ◽  
Christopher M. Snowden ◽  
Stavros Iezekiel
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Quantum Well ◽  
Multiple Quantum Well ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Multiple Quantum ◽  
Quantum Well Laser ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Quantum Well Laser ◽  
Good Agreement

A theoretical (using rate equations) and experimental study of the nonlinear dynamics of a distributed feedback multiple quantum well laser diode is presented. The analysis is performed under direct modulation. Period doubling and period tripling are identified in both the measurements and simulations. Period doubling is found over a wide range of modulation frequencies in the laser. Computational results using rate equations show good agreement with the experimental results.

scholarly journals DFT calculation and assignment of vibrational spectra of aryl and alkyl chlorophosphates

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Viktor Anishchenko ◽  
Vladimir Rybachenko ◽  
Konstantin Chotiy ◽  
Andrey Redko
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Spectra ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Heavy Atoms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complete Assignment ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Polarization Functions ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractDFT calculations of vibrational spectra of chlorophosphates using wide range of basis sets and hybrid functionals were performed. Good agreement between calculated and experimental vibrational spectra was reached by the combination of non-empirical functional PBE0 with both middle and large basis sets. The frequencies of the stretching vibrations of the phosphate group calculated using semi-empirical functional B3LYP for all basis sets deviate significantly from the experimental values. The number of polarization functions on heavy atoms was shown to be a key factor for the calculation of vibrational frequencies of organophosphates. The importance of consideration of all the stable rotamers for a complete assignment of fundamental modes was shown.

Predictions of the Effect of Roughness on Heat Transfer From Turbine Airfoils

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil K. Tolpadi ◽  
Michael E. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Turbine Airfoils ◽  
Good Agreement

The heat transfer and aerodynamic performance of turbine airfoils are greatly influenced by the gas side surface finish. In order to operate at higher efficiencies and to have reduced cooling requirements, airfoil designs require better surface finishing processes to create smoother surfaces. In this paper, three different cast airfoils were analyzed: the first airfoil was grit blasted and codep coated, the second airfoil was tumbled and aluminide coated, and the third airfoil was polished further. Each of these airfoils had different levels of roughness. The TEXSTAN boundary layer code was used to make predictions of the heat transfer along both the pressure and suction sides of all three airfoils. These predictions have been compared to corresponding heat transfer data reported earlier by Abuaf et al. (1997). The data were obtained over a wide range of Reynolds numbers simulating typical aircraft engine conditions. A three-parameter full-cone based roughness model was implemented in TEXSTAN and used for the predictions. The three parameters were the centerline average roughness, the cone height and the cone-to-cone pitch. The heat transfer coefficient predictions indicated good agreement with the data over most Reynolds numbers and for all airfoils-both pressure and suction sides. The transition location on the pressure side was well predicted for all airfoils; on the suction side, transition was well predicted at the higher Reynolds numbers but was computed to be somewhat early at the lower Reynolds numbers. Also, at lower Reynolds numbers, the heat transfer coefficients were not in very good agreement with the data on the suction side.

scholarly journals Analysis of the RNA content of the exosomes derived from blood serum and urine and its potential as biomarkers

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1652) ◽  
pp. 20130502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu Li ◽  
Emily Zeringer ◽  
Timothy Barta ◽  
Jeoffrey Schageman ◽  
Angie Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cell Culture Model ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Abnormal Cells ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Invasive Diagnostics ◽  
Serum And Urine

Exosomes are tiny vesicles (30–150 nm) constantly secreted by all healthy and abnormal cells, and found in abundance in all body fluids. These vesicles, loaded with unique RNA and protein cargo, have a wide range of biological functions, including cell-to-cell communication and signalling. As such, exosomes hold tremendous potential as biomarkers and could lead to the development of minimally invasive diagnostics and next generation therapies within the next few years. Here, we describe the strategies for isolation of exosomes from human blood serum and urine, characterization of their RNA cargo by sequencing, and present the initial data on exosome labelling and uptake tracing in a cell culture model. The value of exosomes for clinical applications is discussed with an emphasis on their potential for diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancer.

Optimization of synthetic jet actuation by analytical modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Huber ◽  
Andreas Zienert ◽  
Perez Weigel ◽  
Martin Schüller ◽  
Hans-Reinhard Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Jet Actuators ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Oscillation Correction ◽  
Good Agreement

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze and optimize synthetic jet actuators (SJAs) by means of a literature-known one-dimensional analytical model. Design/methodology/approach The model was fit to a wide range of experimental data from in-house built SJAs with different dimensions. A comprehensive parameter study was performed to identify coupling between parameters of the model and to find optimal dimensions of SJAs. Findings The coupling of two important parameters, the diaphragm resonance frequency and the cavity volume, can be described by a power law. Optimal orifice length and diameter can be calculated from cavity height in good agreement with literature. A transient oscillation correction is required to get correct simulation outcomes. Originality/value Based on these findings, SJA devices can be optimized for maximum jet velocity and, therefore, high performance.

Aerodynamic Similarity Principles and Scaling Laws for Windmilling Fans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Stagnation Pressure ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Similarity Parameter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Good Agreement

Windmilling requirements for aircraft engines often define propulsion and airframe design parameters. The present study is focused is on two key quantities of interest during windmill operation: fan rotational speed and stage losses. A model for the rotor exit flow is developed, that serves to bring out a similarity parameter for the fan rotational speed. Furthermore, the model shows that the spanwise flow profiles are independent of the throughflow, being determined solely by the configuration geometry. Interrogation of previous numerical simulations verifies the self-similar nature of the flow. The analysis also demonstrates that the vane inlet dynamic pressure is the appropriate scale for the stagnation pressure loss across the rotor and splitter. Examination of the simulation results for the stator reveals that the flow blockage resulting from the severely negative incidence that occurs at windmill remains constant across a wide range of mass flow rates. For a given throughflow rate, the velocity scale is then shown to be that associated with the unblocked vane exit area, leading naturally to the definition of a dynamic pressure scale for the stator stagnation pressure loss. The proposed scaling procedures for the component losses are applied to the flow configuration of Prasad and Lord (2010). Comparison of simulation results for the rotor-splitter and stator losses determined using these procedures indicates very good agreement. Analogous to the loss scaling, a procedure based on the fan speed similarity parameter is developed to determine the windmill rotational speed and is also found to be in good agreement with engine data. Thus, despite their simplicity, the methods developed here possess sufficient fidelity to be employed in design prediction models for aircraft propulsion systems.

Combustion Simulation of Propane/Oxygen (With Nitrogen/Argon) Mixtures Using Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangying Yu ◽  
Hameed Metghalchi ◽  
Omid Askari ◽  
Ziyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Kinetic Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Oxygen Mixture ◽  
Free Valence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Constrained Equilibrium ◽  
Rate Controlled ◽  
Good Agreement

The rate-controlled constrained-equilibrium (RCCE), a model order reduction method, has been further developed to simulate the combustion of propane/oxygen mixture diluted with nitrogen or argon. The RCCE method assumes that the nonequilibrium states of a system can be described by a sequence of constrained-equilibrium states subject to a small number of constraints. The developed new RCCE approach is applied to the oxidation of propane in a constant volume, constant internal energy system over a wide range of initial temperatures and pressures. The USC-Mech II (109 species and 781 reactions, without nitrogen chemistry) is chosen as chemical kinetic mechanism for propane oxidation for both detailed kinetic model (DKM) and RCCE method. The derivation for constraints of propane/oxygen mixture starts from the eight universal constraints for carbon-fuel oxidation. The universal constraints are the elements (C, H, O), number of moles, free valence, free oxygen, fuel, and fuel radicals. The full set of constraints contains eight universal constraints and seven additional constraints. The results of RCCE method are compared with the results of DKM to verify the effectiveness of constraints and the efficiency of RCCE. The RCCE results show good agreement with DKM results under different initial temperature and pressures, and RCCE also reduces at least 60% CPU time. Further validation is made by comparing the experimental data; RCCE shows good agreement with shock tube experimental data.

SHELL DEFORMATION AND SPIN EFFECTS IN NUCLEON SEPARATION ENERGIES

1993 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 789-807
Author(s):  
D. CALEB CHANTHI RAJ ◽  
M. RAJASEKARAN ◽  
R. PREMANAND
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Shell Correction ◽  
Separation Energy ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Spin Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Type Calculation ◽  
Nucleon Separation Energy ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Good Agreement

A new formula to obtain shell correction to separation energy is derived from a Strutinsky type calculation. A systematic analysis of shell and deformation effects on nucleon separation energy is made. Spin induced structural changes are also evident in shape changes along the spin coordinate. Calculations are performed for a wide range of nuclei from Zr to Cm. The results are generally in very good agreement with experimental analysis.

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