Biochemical markers in the assessment of protein-calorie malnutrition in premature neonates.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1269-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Nadeau ◽  
J C Forest ◽  
M Masson ◽  
I Morrissette ◽  
F Larivière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Premature Neonates ◽  
Clinical Problems

Abstract We studied 135 premature newborns of 26 to 36 weeks gestation, divided into three groups: the control group, 66 premature infants with uncomplicated course; 51 premature neonates with appropriate birth weight for gestational age (AGA), who suffered from clinical problems that delayed oral feeding; and 18 premature infants with small birth weight for gestational age (SGA). When neonates of the same postnatal age were compared, prealbumin concentrations were the lowest in the SGA group at the third and fourth postnatal week. Although the AGA group had the most infants with serious illnesses and the lowest protein-calorie intakes, their prealbumin concentrations did not differ significantly from those of the control group. But when the infants of each group were subdivided on the basis of intakes and weight gain regardless of postnatal age, those with greater intakes showed significantly higher prealbumin values; however, in all groups, the infants with higher intakes were also significantly older. Total proteins and albumin showed similar changes in all groups. Prealbumin concentrations showed great interindividual variability in infants of the same postnatal age. We conclude that prealbumin, albumin, and serum total proteins are not sufficiently sensitive biochemical markers to assess alterations of the nutritional status of premature infants.

scholarly journals Marcadores Bioquímicos do Primeiro Trimestre e Recém-Nascidos Leves para Idade Gestacional

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Cláudia Andrade ◽  
Joana Santos ◽  
Ana Rita Pinto ◽  
Pedro Manso ◽  
Susana Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Β Hcg

<strong>Introduction:</strong> Several studies suggested an association between first trimester biochemical markers (PAPP-A and β- HCG) and infants below 10th percentile. Our goal was to describe this relationship of biochemical markers with small-for- gestational-age fetuses in our population.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Retrospective analytic study of 2 035 pregnant women that underwent first-trimester screening in the period between March 2009 and September 2011. Small-for-gestational-age infants below 10th percentile were compared with control group (term newborn with birth weight above 10th percentile). Infants below 3rd percentile and control group were also compared. Multiple and logistic regression analysis were done with PAPP-A, β-HCG (multiples of the expected normal median) and demographic maternal characteristics (ethnicity, weight and smoker status).<br /><strong>Results:</strong> This study demonstrated an independent contribution of PAPP-A, maternal weight and smoker status in predicting small-for-gestational-age infants. For PAPP-A, the odds ratio for small-for-gestational age below 10th and 3rd percentile was 2.41 and 3.41, respectively (p &lt; 0.01). For β-HCG, odds ratio below 10th percentile was 1.70 (p = 0.03) and for birth weight below the 3rd percentile, the odds ratio was 3.22 (p &lt; 0.01).<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Low levels of PAPP-A and β-HCG (values below 5th percentile of the study population) were associated with an increased risk of small-for-gestational-age infants in the pregnant population included in this study.

scholarly journals The Correlation Between Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Platelet Metabolism in Preterm Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longli Yan ◽  
Zhuxiao Ren ◽  
Jianlan Wang ◽  
Xin Xia ◽  
Liling Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Admission Diagnosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Platelets play an important role in the formation of pulmonary blood vessels, and thrombocytopenia is common in patients with pulmonary diseases. However, a few studies have reported on the role of platelets in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the relationship between platelet metabolism and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants.Methods: A prospective case-control study was performed in a cohort of premature infants (born with a gestational age &lt;32 weeks and a birth weight &lt;1,500 g) from June 1, 2017 to June 1, 2018. Subjects were stratified into two groups according to the diagnostic of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD group) and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (control group). Platelet count, circulating megakaryocyte count (MK), platelet-activating markers (CD62P and CD63), and thrombopoietin (TPO) were recorded and compared in two groups 28 days after birth; then serial thrombopoietin levels and concomitant platelet counts were measured in infants with BPD.Results: A total of 252 premature infants were included in this study. Forty-eight premature infants developed BPD, 48 premature infants without BPD in the control group who were matched against the study infants for gestational age, birth weight, and admission diagnosis at the age of postnatal day 28. Compared with the controls, infants with BPD had significantly lower peripheral platelet count [BPD vs. controls: 180.3 (24.2) × 109/L vs. 345.6 (28.5) × 109/L, p = 0.001]. Circulating MK count in the BPD group was significantly more abundant than that in the control group [BPD vs. controls: 30.7 (4.5)/ml vs. 13.3 (2.6)/ml, p = 0.025]. The level of CD62p, CD63, and TPO in BPD group was significantly higher than the control group [29.7 (3.1%) vs. 14.5 (2.5%), 15.4 (2.0%) vs. 5.8 (1.7%), 301.4 (25.9) pg/ml vs. 120.4 (14.2) pg/ml, all p &lt; 0.05]. Furthermore, the concentration of TPO was negatively correlated with platelet count in BPD group with thrombocytopenia.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that platelet metabolism is involved in the development of BPD in preterm infants. The possible mechanism might be through increased platelet activation and promoted TPO production by feedback.

Investigating the changes in amino acid values in premature infants: a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqi Yang ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Wei Long ◽  
Huaiyan Wang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Normal Birth

AbstractBackground:The objective of the study was to investigate the changes in amino acid (AAs) values in premature infants.Methods:A total of 2159 premature and/or low birth weight infants were recruited for this study. They were divided into three groups: premature infants with normal birth weight (G1), simple low birth weight infants (G2) and premature combined with low birth weight infants (G3). The tandem mass spectrometry technique was used to detect the levels of 11 AAs in neonatal blood.Results:Compared with normal babies, there were eight and five AAs that significantly changed in G1 and G2, respectively. It was worth noting that the changes greatly exacerbated when the babies were both premature and of low birth weight. All the levels of AAs demonstrated significant changes in G3 compared with the normal control group (G4). With the increase in gestational age, the AAs in premature infants tended to the levels in normal newborns. Meanwhile, there was a correlation between AAs and birth weight. Four AAs significantly changed with the increase in body weight. Among normal newborns, the levels of AAs in girls were significantly higher than in boys. However, if the newborns were premature or had low birth weight, the differences between AA values and sexual distinction would decrease. In the end, we established the specific reference ranges of AAs for premature and/or low birth weight infants.Conclusions:There were significant differences in AAs in the premature and/or low birth weight infants. Gestational age and birth weight were two important factors inflecting the AAs metabolism.

Acetylcholinesterase activity and bone biochemical markers in premature and full-term neonates

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1363-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Dokos ◽  
Christos Tsakalidis ◽  
Kyriakoula Manaridou ◽  
George Koliakos
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Biochemical Markers ◽  
Premature Neonates

Abstract Background Almost 30% of the premature infants have low body weight and bone mineral density due to prematurity. There is no consensus of screening premature neonates for metabolic bone disease; therefore, it is important to investigate the use of bone biochemical parameters. Latest studies involved the activity of acetylcholinesterase as a mediator in bone remodeling. It is hypothesized that there is a possible correlation of bone biochemical biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in premature infants. Methods We studied 50 neonates (26 preterm with gestational age <32 weeks, 24 full-term). Clinical data (sex, gestational week) and anthropometric parameters (body weight) were recorded. We directly measured the bone biochemical markers in serum such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). In addition, we measured the AChE activity. Results ALP and parathyroid hormone levels were higher, but Ca, P and AChE were lower in premature neonates group compared with full-term ones. There is a significant positive correlation of gestational age with body weight, Ca and AChE. A significant negative correlation was observed for ALP and PTH with gestational age. Conclusions We found a gestational age-related increase of AChE activity. There were significant relationships between AChE activity with P and PTH.

The Efficacy of Omega-3 Supplement on Prevention of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Premature Infants: A Randomized Double-blinded Controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 1845-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Khalesi ◽  
Arash Bordbar ◽  
Nastaran Khosravi ◽  
Morteza Kabirian ◽  
Alireza Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Double Blinded

Background: The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of omega-3 in treating ROP in premature infants. Methods: This randomized double-blinded controlled trial was performed on 160 premature infants with gestational age lower than 32 weeks and birth weight < 1500 grams who were at risk of ROP development (Tehran, Iran-2013). Children were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group received 300 mg omega-3 daily and the control group received sterile water as the placebo. The severity of ROP was defined according to the International Classification of ROP. Results: The frequency of ROP was 7.5% in the group received omega-3 and 20.0% in the placebo group with a significant difference (p = 0.021). Regarding the severity of ROP in the intervention group, ROP grade I was found in two patients and ROP grade II in four patients; while ROP grade I, II, and III were revealed in 6, 6, and 4 patients in placebo group indicating a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.001). Using the multivariate logistic regression modeling with the presence of gender, gestational age, and birth weight, the use of omega-3 was associated with reduced risk for ROP (p = 0.045). Conclusion: The use of omega-3 supplement can be an appropriate treatment option for the treatment of ROP in premature infants.

Can Mozart Improve Weight Gain and Development of Feeding Skills in Premature Infants? A Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Lafferty ◽  
Amy Mackley ◽  
Pam Green ◽  
Deborah Ottenthal ◽  
Robert Locke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Piano Sonata ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Physiologic Effect ◽  
Feeding Skills ◽  
Very Premature Infants

Objective The study aimed to assess in a prospective randomized study the effect of Mozart's music on time to regain birth weight (BW) and development of oral feeding skills in babies born between 280/7 and 316/7 weeks of gestation. Study Design Healthy premature infants born between 280/7 and 316/7 completed weeks of gestation were randomized within 3 days of birth to either music or no music exposure. Infants in the music group were exposed to Mozart's double piano sonata twice per day for 14 days. The primary outcome was time to regain birth weight. The secondary outcome was development of oral feeding skills as evaluated by a speech/language pathologist blinded to the intervention. We hypothesized that exposure to Mozart's double piano sonata would decrease time to regain BW and improve feeding skills. A total of 32 newborns were needed to detect a 3-day difference in time to regain BW. Results Forty infants were enrolled and randomized. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the time to regain BW (p = 0.181) and the time to achievement of full oral feeds (p = 0.809). Conclusion Exposure to Mozart's double piano sonata for 14 days after birth did not significantly improve time to regain BW or time to achieve full oral feedings in very premature infants. It is possible that Mozart's music has no effect or that the duration of music exposure was not sufficient to have a physiologic effect on growth and oral feeding skills. Key Points

scholarly journals Premature small for gestational age infants fed an exclusive human milk-based diet achieve catch-up growth without metabolic consequences at 2 years of age

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. F242-F247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chonnikant Visuthranukul ◽  
Steven A Abrams ◽  
Keli M Hawthorne ◽  
Joseph L Hagan ◽  
Amy B Hair
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
Catch Up

ObjectiveTo compare postdischarge growth, adiposity and metabolic outcomes of appropriate for gestational age (AGA) versus small for gestational age (SGA) premature infants fed an exclusive human milk (HM)-based diet in the neonatal intensive care unit.DesignPremature infants (birth weight ≤1250 g) fed an exclusive HM-based diet were examined at 12–15 months corrected gestational age (CGA) (visit 1) for anthropometrics, serum glucose and non-fasting insulin, and at 18–22 months CGA (visit 2) for body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.ResultsOf 51 children, 33 were AGA and 18 were SGA at birth. The SGA group had weight gain (g/day) equal to AGA group during the follow-up period. SGA had a significantly greater body mass index (BMI) z-score gain from visit 1 to visit 2 (0.25±1.10 vs −0.21±0.84, p=0.02) reflecting catch-up growth. There were no significant differences in total fat mass (FM) and trunk FM between groups. SGA had significantly lower insulin level (5.0±3.7 vs 17.3±15.1 µU/mL, p=0.02) and homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance (1.1±0.9 vs 4.3±4.1, p=0.02). Although regional trunk FM correlated with insulin levels in SGA (r=0.893, p=0.04), they had lower insulin level compared with AGA and no difference in adiposity.ConclusionsSGA premature infants who received an exclusive HM-based diet exhibited greater catch-up growth without increased adiposity or elevated insulin resistance compared with AGA at 2 years of age. An exclusive HM-based diet may improve long-term body composition and metabolic outcomes of premature infants with ≤1250 g birth weight, specifically SGA.

scholarly journals Eruption chronology of the first deciduous teeth in children born prematurely with birth weight less than 1500g

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Garcia F. Neto ◽  
Mario Cicero Falcao
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Eruption Age ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective: To describe the eruption chronology of the first deciduous teeth in premature infants with birth weight less than 1500g and to compare it according to gender and nutritional status at birth. Methods: Longitudinal study including 40 low birth weight premature infants of both genders. The tooth was considered erupted when the crown went through the gum and became part of the oral environment. The comparison of the eruption chronology in relation to gender and among children appropriate or small for gestational age was done by Student's t-test, being significant p<0.05. Results: The eruption of the first tooth (teeth) occurred, on average, with 11.0±2.1 months of chronological age and with 9.6±1.9 months corrected for prematurity. The first erupted teeth were the lower central incisors. The average eruption for males was 9.7±1.9 and, for females, 9.5±1.9 months, both corrected for prematurity (p=0.98). The average eruption in children with birth weight appropriate for gestational age was 10.1±1.4 months; for small for gestational age, it was 9.4±2.2, also corrected for prematurity (p=0.07). Conclusions: The average eruption age of the first teeth, corrected for prematurity, was 9.6 months. Sex and nutritional status at birth did not change the eruption chronology.

Dysphagia and Oral Feeding Problems in the Premature Infant

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Wilson Jones ◽  
Elaine Morgan ◽  
Jean Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Feeding Disorders ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Common Problems

FEEDING DISORDERS AND dysphagia are common problems seen in premature infants following their discharge from the NICU. A major factor in the growing incidence of these problems is the number of infants born and surviving between 23 and 25 weeks gestational age, which has increased dramatically over the past decade. These infants experience both a lengthier exposure to noxious oral stimuli and a longer time until they develop the suck/swallow coordination that makes oral feeding safe.1 Oral feeding is generally not offered before 32–34 weeks gestational age, when the preterm infant’s sucking pattern begins to resemble that of a term infant.2,3 Therefore, there may be an 8- to 9-week lag between birth and oral feedings in a 23- or 24-week gestational age infant.

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