Applicability of the Ektachem 400 analyzer for assaying analytes in miscellaneous body fluids.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2534-2539 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Georgewill ◽  
G A Graham ◽  
I Schoen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Pericardial Fluid ◽  
Vitreous Fluid ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Abstract The Ektachem analyzer, a slide-film chemistry technology, demonstrated applicability to non-serum, non-urine stimulated and actual clinical specimens having a wide range of protein concentration and pH. The simulated specimens studied had pH and protein that ranged from 2 to 9 and 0 to 88 g/L, respectively. Actual patients' specimens studied, which had protein concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 60 g/L, included peritoneal fluid, vitreous fluid, synovial fluid, pericardial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid. The analytes studied included glucose, urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide.

A Multichannel Continuous-Flow Analyzer

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E Thiers ◽  
Jean Bryan ◽  
Katherine Oglesby
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Channel Analyzer

Abstract A 10-channel analyzer is described with which sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, albumin blank, and uric acid levels may be determined simultaneously. Operating at the rate of 60 specimens per hour, the instrument uses less than 1 ml. of serum for all 10 determinations. The results appear on 5 two-pen recorders. The report describes the instrument, its operating characteristics, modification of the sampler module to enable sampling from test tubes, a manual system of rapid data-handling, and the system employed for nearly anaerobic sample-handling.

Profile of Admission Chemical Data by Multichannel Automation: An Evaluative Experiment

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Jean Bryan ◽  
Judith L Wearne ◽  
Alberto Viau ◽  
A Wendell Musser ◽  
Fred W Schoonmaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Content ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Clinical Chemical ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Abstract In an experiment comparing the clinical chemical data obtained for incoming hospital patients from samples of blood submitted to the routine laboratory and from samples analyzed automatically, a multichannel analyzer was employed. The constituents determined, chosen on the basis of the frequency with which they were ordinarily requested, were glucose, urea, sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide content, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, and uric acid. In a significant fraction of the patients admitted at three different hospitals the profile of admission chemical determinations indicated abnormal values which had not been sought by the physician and which often were of direct help to him and benefit to the patient.

The Stability of a Reconstituted Serum for the Assay of Fifteen Chemical Constituents

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Hanok ◽  
Jeremiah Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase ◽  
Subsequent Effect ◽  
The Stability

Abstract A study was made of serums stored at refrigerator (10°) and freezer (-15°) temperatures in relation to the subsequent effect on the following assays: sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, protein, albumin, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, bilirubin, urea nitrogen, glucose, uric acid, creatinine, and phosphorus. Data showing the period for which a reconstituted serum may be stored under these conditions are presented.

Development of Normal Values for Use in Multitest Biochemical Screening of Sera

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T O’Kell ◽  
Joseph R Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Abstract Age- and sex-related "normal" values were calculated for data obtained by screening 8015 patients’ sera with the Technicon SMA 12/60 at the time of hospital admission. Calcium, phosphorus, total protein, and albumin concentrations decrease with age; glucose, urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and lactic dehydrogenase concentrations increase. Uric acid concentration increases with age in women. Mean values for calcium, glucose, urea nitrogen, and uric acid concentrations are greater in men. Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic acid transaminase activity is most frequently abnormal, total protein concentration least frequently. Alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin results were unremarkable.

Metabolic effects of somatotropin in rats acclimated to adverse environments

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry B. Hale ◽  
Roy B. Mefferd
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Effects of somatotropin (STH, growth hormone) in low dosage on metabolic functions were determined in adult male rats acclimated to hot, neutral or cold environments or to low barometric pressure. Urinary determinations (24-hour, fasting) provided the means for evaluating nitrogen and mineral metabolism. The interplay between STH and environmental factors thus received some clarification. STH had certain effects in normal rats which were clearly heat- or altitude-mimetic. In combination, STH and heat had synergistic effects on urea, phosphate and the calcium/phosphorus ratio; and STH and altitude acted synergistically on phosphate and the sodium/potassium and calcium/phosphorus ratios. STH and cold had antagonistic effects on urea, uric acid and the uric acid/creatinine ratio, but synergism was evident in the sodium/potassium ratio. The effects of STH during the initial stage of recovery from heat, altitude or cold were also studied. While some of the recovery reactions were augmented by STH, others were blocked or at least diminished, and there were instances where STH had normalizing effects. Submitted on October 6, 1960

Spectroscopic Studies of Asparaginyl-tRNA Synthetase from Entamoeba histolytica

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-448
Author(s):  
Priyanka Biswas ◽  
Dillip K. Sahu ◽  
Kalyanasis Sahu ◽  
Rajat Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Solvent Exposure ◽  
Steady State Fluorescence ◽  
State Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm

Background: Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases play an important role in catalyzing the first step in protein synthesis by attaching the appropriate amino acid to its cognate tRNA which then transported to the growing polypeptide chain. Asparaginyl-tRNA Synthetase (AsnRS) from Brugia malayi, Leishmania major, Thermus thermophilus, Trypanosoma brucei have been shown to play an important role in survival and pathogenesis. Entamoeba histolytica (Ehis) is an anaerobic eukaryotic pathogen that infects the large intestines of humans. It is a major cause of dysentery and has the potential to cause life-threatening abscesses in the liver and other organs making it the second leading cause of parasitic death after malaria. Ehis-AsnRS has not been studied in detail, except the crystal structure determined at 3 Å resolution showing that it is primarily α-helical and dimeric. It is a homodimer, with each 52 kDa monomer consisting of 451 amino acids. It has a relatively short N-terminal as compared to its human and yeast counterparts. Objective: Our study focusses to understand certain structural characteristics of Ehis-AsnRS using biophysical tools to decipher the thermodynamics of unfolding and its binding properties. Methods: Ehis-AsnRS was cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21DE3 cells. Protein purification was performed using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, following which the protein was used for biophysical studies. Various techniques such as steady-state fluorescence, quenching, circular dichroism, differential scanning fluorimetry, isothermal calorimetry and fluorescence lifetime studies were employed for the conformational characterization of Ehis-AsnRS. Protein concentration for far-UV and near-UV circular dichroism experiments was 8 µM and 20 µM respectively, while 4 µM protein was used for the rest of the experiments. Results: The present study revealed that Ehis-AsnRS undergoes unfolding when subjected to increasing concentration of GdnHCl and the process is reversible. With increasing temperature, it retains its structural compactness up to 45ºC before it unfolds. Steady-state fluorescence, circular dichroism and hydrophobic dye binding experiments cumulatively suggest that Ehis-AsnRS undergoes a two-state transition during unfolding. Shifting of the transition mid-point with increasing protein concentration further illustrate that dissociation and unfolding processes are coupled indicating the absence of any detectable folded monomer. Conclusion: This article indicates that GdnHCl induced denaturation of Ehis-AsnRS is a two – state process and does not involve any intermediate; unfolding occurs directly from native dimer to unfolded monomer. The solvent exposure of the tryptophan residues is biphasic, indicating selective quenching. Ehis-AsnRS also exhibits a structural as well as functional stability over a wide range of pH.

Chain-breaking/Preventive Antioxidant, Urate-lowering, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Pure Curcumin

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Seghira Bisset ◽  
Widad Sobhi ◽  
Chawki Bensouici ◽  
Abdelhalim Khenchouche
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Metal Chelating ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chain Breaking ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Several researches have shown that therapeutic compounds or phytochemicals from natural sources are important in the food as it is valuable in pharmaceutical industries due to their fewer side effects and potent against various diseases. Curcumin, a major polyphenol derived from turmeric spice, which used in many foods, has a wide range of biological activities, with quite a safety. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, urate-lowering, and antiinflammatory effects of pure curcumin. Methods: The antioxidant activity was evaluated for chain-breaking antioxidant effect (radicalscavenging and reducing abilities assays) and for preventive antioxidant effect with metal chelating assay, the urate-lowering was assayed on aspectrophotometer by measuring the inhibition of uric acid production by xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme, and the anti-inflammatory effect was estimated using in vitro albumin denaturation inhibition. Results: Curcumin showed a significant and good chain-breaking antioxidant effect, both in free radical- scavenging assays (Galvinoxyl radical, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical), and in reducing abilities methods (reducing power, Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and O-phenanthroline assays). In preventive antioxidant effect, assessed with the metal chelating assay, curcumin showed significant effect but with high concentration compared with standard. In the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, curcumin significantly inhibited uric acid production (IC50=0.71 ± 0.06 mg/mL). Regarding antiinflammatory activity, curcumin showed significant inhibition of albumin denaturation with an IC50 value of 1181.69 ± 1.11μg/mL. Conclusion: These results indicated that curcumin showed promising antioxidant, anti-gout and antiinflammatory properties and might be used as potential, natural drugs against oxidative and inflammation- related diseases.

scholarly journals Analysis of the possibility and molecular mechanism of carbon dioxide consumption in the Diels-Alder processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kula ◽  
Agnieszka Kącka-Zych ◽  
Agnieszka Łapczuk-Krygier ◽  
Radomir Jasiński
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Step Mechanism

Abstract The large and significant increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the Earth’s atmosphere is a serious problem for humanity. The amount of CO2 is increasing steadily which causes a harmful greenhouse effect that damages the Earth’s climate. Therefore, one of the current trends in modern chemistry and chemical technology are issues related to its utilization. This work includes the analysis of the possibility of chemical consumption of CO2 in Diels-Alder processes under non-catalytic and catalytic conditions after prior activation of the C=O bond. In addition to the obvious benefits associated with CO2 utilization, such processes open up the possibility of universal synthesis of a wide range of internal carboxylates. These studies have been performed in the framework of Molecular Electron Density Theory as a modern view of the chemical reactivity. It has been found, that explored DA reactions catalyzed by Lewis acids with the boron core, proceeds via unique stepwise mechanism with the zwitterionic intermediate. Bonding Evolution Theory (BET) analysis of the molecular mechanism associated with the DA reaction between cyclopentadiene and carbon dioxide indicates that it takes place thorough a two-stage one-step mechanism, which is initialized by formation of C–C single bond. In turn, the DA reaction between cyclopentadiene and carbon dioxide catalysed by BH3 extends in the environment of DCM, indicates that it takes place through a two-step mechanism. First path of catalysed DA reaction is characterized by 10 different phases, while the second by eight topologically different phases.

scholarly journals Vegetables, Potatoes and Their Products as Sources of Energy and Nutrients to the Average Diet in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3217
Author(s):  
Hanna Górska-Warsewicz ◽  
Krystyna Rejman ◽  
Joanna Kaczorowska ◽  
Wacław Laskowski
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Kohonen Neural Networks ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Total Fat

The aim of our study was to analyse vegetables, potatoes and their products as sources of energy and nutrients in the average diet in Poland. Representative data of the 2016 Household Budget Survey from 36,886 households were used. This is the largest study sample in Poland, so we generalized the conclusions to the whole population using the statement ‘average diet’. We analysed three main product groups: vegetables, vegetable products, and potatoes and potatoes products, dividing them into 14 subgroups (e.g., tomatoes, cabbage, carrots, other vegetables, and mushrooms). The percentages of energy, protein, carbohydrates, total fat, nine vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin E), seven minerals (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, magnesium and zinc), and fibre from the analysed food subgroups are presented. Additionally, the influence of household characteristics on the supply of energy and nutrients from each subgroup of vegetables, potatoes, and their products was evaluated using cluster analysis. In the analysis, R programme and Kohonen neural networks were applied. Our study showed that vegetables, potatoes, and their products provide 7.3% of daily dietary energy supply. Vegetables contribute more than 20% of the supply of six nutrients: vitamin C (51.8%), potassium (32.5%), folate (31.0%), vitamin A (30.6%), vitamin B6 (27.8%), and magnesium (20.2%), as well as fibre (31.8%). Cluster analysis distinguished three clusters that differed in nutritional supply from vegetables, potatoes, and their products. Educational level, income measured by quintile groups, village size, socio-economic characteristics, urbanization degree, and land use were the most important factors determining differences between clusters.

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