scholarly journals Jungle Honey Enhances Immune Function and Antitumor Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki Fukuda ◽  
Kengo Kobayashi ◽  
Yuriko Hirono ◽  
Mayuko Miyagawa ◽  
Takahiro Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Plot Analysis ◽  
Approximate Molecular Weight ◽  
Effective Component

Jungle honey (JH) is collected from timber and blossom by wild honey bees that live in the tropical forest of Nigeria. JH is used as a traditional medicine for colds, skin inflammation and burn wounds as well as general health care. However, the effects of JH on immune functions are not clearly known. Therefore, we investigated the effects of JH on immune functions and antitumor activity in mice. Female C57BL/6 mice were injected with JH (1 mg/mouse/day, seven times intra-peritoneal). After seven injections, peritoneal cells (PC) were obtained. Antitumor activity was assessed by growth of Lewis Lung Carcinoma/2 (LL/2) cells. PC numbers were increased in JH-injected mice compared to control mice. In Dot Plot analysis by FACS, a new cell population appeared in JH-injected mice. The percent of Gr-1 surface antigen and the intensity of Gr-1 antigen expression of PC were increased in JH-injected mice. The new cell population was neutrophils. JH possessed chemotactic activity for neutrophils. Tumor incidence and weight were decreased in JH-injected mice. The ratio of reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing cells was increased in JH-injected mice. The effective component in JH was fractionized by gel filtration using HPLC and had an approximate molecular weight (MW) of 261. These results suggest that neutrophils induced by JH possess potent antitumor activity mediated by ROS and the effective immune component of JH is substrate of MW 261.

scholarly journals Difference in Thrombolytic Effect between Higher and Lower Molecular Weight Forms of Urokinase

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suyama ◽  
M. Nishida ◽  
Y. Iga ◽  
R. Naito
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Lower Molecular Weight ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Thrombolytic Effect ◽  
Approximate Molecular Weight ◽  
Made In

Urokinase (UK) from human urine has been widely used for thrombolytic therapy in Japan. However, commercially available preparations are not identical but consist of mainly two forms of UK with higher and lower molecular weight (H-UK and L-UK) . An attempt was made in this report to compare thrombolytic activity of H-UK with that of L-UK on artificial thrombi produced from human blood by a modification of Chandler’s loop method, which was somehow comparable to the situation in vivo. Two active forms of UK were purified from crude preparation by gel filtration. The approximate molecular weight of the H-UK was 54,000 and of the L-UK 34,000. The potency of UK was determined by “two-stage lysis time method” and expressed by International unit(lU). Thrombolytic activity measured by Chandler’s method was calculated as % lysis of the control thrombus that was formed in the abscence of UK.As a result, thrombus-dissolution time of H-UK was much shorter than that of L-UK. Furthermore, concentration of H-UK (IU/ml blood) necessary to induce 50% lysis was approximately one half lower than that of L-UK. The similiar results were obtained on artificial thrombi from the blood of dog, rat and rabbit. The data suggest that H-UK seems to be more effective on treatment of thromboembolicdisorders as compared to L-UK in terms of the same IU basis.

scholarly journals Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 2 Deficiency Exacerbates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5515
Author(s):  
Kento Fujii ◽  
Yasuko Yamamoto ◽  
Yoko Mizutani ◽  
Kuniaki Saito ◽  
Mariko Seishima
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
In The Wild

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an enzyme known to suppress immune responses, and several reports have showed that it is associated with psoriasis. IDO2 is an isoform of IDO1, recently identified as a catalytic enzyme in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, which is expressed in dendritic cells and monocytes. The expression of IDO2 in immune cells suggests that IDO2 may contribute to immune functions. However, the role of IDO2 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis remains unclear. In this study, to elucidate the role of IDO2 in psoriasis, we assessed imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in IDO2 knockout (KO) mice. Skin inflammation, evaluated by scoring erythema, scaling, and ear thickness, was significantly worse in the IDO2 KO mice than in the wild-type (WT) mice. The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-23p19, and IL-17A, key cytokines involved in the development of psoriasis, were also increased in the IDO2 KO mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of Ki67-positive cells in the epidermis and CD4-, CD8-, and IL-17-positive lymphocytes infiltrating the dermis were significantly increased in the IDO2 KO mice. These results suggest that IDO2 might decrease IL-17 expression, thereby resulting in the suppression of skin inflammation in IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis.

Effect of Streptococcal Extracellular Nuclease on the Carrier Activity of RNA for Streptolysin S

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Taketo ◽  
Yoriko Taketo
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Nucleotide Composition ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Streptolysin S ◽  
The Core ◽  
Extracellular Nuclease ◽  
Effective Component ◽  
Cellulose Column

Upon digestion with a streptococcal extracellular nuclease, yeast RNA yielded acid-insoluble core having increased carrier activity for streptolysin S. The carrier activity was found in minor fractions of the core which were eluted from a DEAE-cellulose column at higher salt concentrations. Upon gel filtration through a Sephadex G-75 column, the effective component (Fr. I) was eluted earlier than bulk oligonucleotides (Fr. II). Nucleotide composition (in mol %) of Fr. I was AMP: 21.8; GMP: 55.1; CMP: 8.2; UMP: 14.9, whereas that of Fr. II was AMP: 38.0; GMP: 33.1; CMP: 8.0; UMP: 20.9. Chromatographic patterns of SLS complex induced by Fr. I were similar to those of the toxin formed in the presence of active fraction prepared from RNase I core. Hemolytic activity of the latter complex was, like the former, unaffected by streptococcal nuclease treatment. The carrier activity of DNA digested with the nuclease was also investigated.

scholarly journals Studies on Platelet Proteins. IV. Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Thrombosthenin

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. GANGULY
Keyword(s):  
Protein A ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sedimentation Coefficient ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Kinetic Unit ◽  
Platelet Protein ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Approximate Molecular Weight ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract The contractile platelet protein thrombosthenin has been isolated with butanol and purified further by repeated precipitation and gel filtration. Thrombosthenin thus isolated shows all the typical properties of this protein as reported in the literature. 1 M NaCl-tris, pH 7.2 has been found to be a better solvent than 0.6 M KCl as far as stability, resolution and aggregation of the protein are concerned. In the ultracentrifuge, 0.7 per cent thrombosthenir in 0.6 M KCl shows three hypersharp boundaries with sedimentation coefficients of 36 S, 56 S and 83 S. However, at low protein concentration only the 36 S boundary is observed. In 1 M NaCl, all these components break down producing a single kinetic unit of 18 S which dissociates further to 7 S. The 7 S component retains the ATP-sensitivity typical of thrombosthenin, suggesting it to be the monomeric unit of this protein. A similar hypersharp boundary with similar sedimentation coefficient to purified thrombosthenin has been noted in platelet ghosts solubilized in presence of detergent. A combination of sedimentation and viscosity data leads to an approximate molecular weight 8.9 x 105 for thrombosthenin.

Hispidulin alleviates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation by inhibiting splenic Th1/Th17 cell population and keratinocyte activation

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 106767
Author(s):  
Namkyung Kim ◽  
Soyoung Lee ◽  
Jinjoo Kang ◽  
Young-Ae Choi ◽  
Byungheon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Population ◽  
Th17 Cell ◽  
Skin Inflammation

A CD3+CD8+ T Cell Population Lacking CD5 Antigen Expression Is Expanded in Peripheral Blood of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Indraccolo ◽  
Marta Mion ◽  
Rita Zamarchi ◽  
Vincenzo Coppola ◽  
Francesca Calderazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ACC1-expressing pathogenic T helper 2 cell populations facilitate lung and skin inflammation in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 218 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Nakajima ◽  
Toshio Kanno ◽  
Satoru Yokoyama ◽  
Shigemi Sasamoto ◽  
Hikari K. Asou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Acetyl Coa

T cells possess distinguishing effector functions and drive inflammatory disorders. We have previously identified IL-5–producing Th2 cells as the pathogenic population predominantly involved in the pathology of allergic inflammation. However, the cell-intrinsic signaling pathways that control the pathogenic Th2 cell function are still unclear. We herein report the high expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) in the pathogenic CD4+ T cell population in the lung and skin. The genetic deletion of CD4+ T cell–intrinsic ACC1 dampened eosinophilic and basophilic inflammation in the lung and skin by constraining IL-5 or IL-3 production. Mechanistically, ACC1-dependent fatty acid biosynthesis induces the pathogenic cytokine production of CD4+ T cells via metabolic reprogramming and the availability of acetyl-CoA for epigenetic regulation. We thus identified a distinct phenotype of the pathogenic T cell population in the lung and skin, and ACC1 was shown to be an essential regulator controlling the pathogenic function of these populations to promote type 2 inflammation.

Isolation and Partial Characterization of Adipotropin, an Apparent New Lipolytic Peptide from Bovine Anterior Pituitary Lobes

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1171-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen O’Malley ◽  
Karl Folkers ◽  
Olav Trygstad ◽  
Irene Foss
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Cation Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Frozen Tissue ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Approximate Molecular Weight ◽  
One Year

A peptide, apparently new, has been isolated from the anterior lobes of bovine pituitary glands by the following steps: (1) lyophilization of frozen tissue; (2) homogenization; (3) extraction with an aqueous buffer; (4) gel filtration; (5) anion and then (6) cation exchange chromatography; (7) HPLC. One antioxidant and two proteolytic inhibitors were present during buffer extraction to avoid artifactual reactions. Amino acid analyses consistently revealed the same amino acids and no others on different specimens, one year apart. The composition was estimated as: 4 Asp, 2 Thr, 5 Ser, 8 Glu(x), 5 Pro, 10 Gly, 4 Ala, 2 Val, 2 Met, 1 Ile, 2 Leu, 1 Tyr, 1 Phe, 2 His, 3 Lys, 2 Arg (5600 daltons). Cysteine and tryptophan were absent. An approximate molecular weight by gel filtration was 7200 daltons. The isoelectric point was 6.1. The peptide showed a dose-response activity in the range of 0.001-1.0 μg in a rabbit adipose system, in vitro. The peptide is tentatively designated as adipotropin, because it has no unequivocal chemical relation­ship to other relevant lipolytic peptides, and because it has the highest molar potency, in vitro, of these peptides, including pACTH.

Antigen expression on a putative leukemic stem cell population and AML blast

2016 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Garg ◽  
Kanjaksha Ghosh ◽  
Manisha Madkaikar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Leukemic Stem Cell
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