First medical contact place determines prognosis in a regional STEMI network. Is time the most important factor?

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. OnBehalf Codi IAM investigators Background Long revascularization times have been associated with worse prognosis in PCI-treated STEMI patients. Thus, efforts have been focused in optimizing revascularization times. In Catalonia, the different first medical contact (FMC) points with the regional STEMI network CODI IAM have been associated with different degrees of delay in reperfusion. Purpose we aim to determine if our regional STEMI network achieves better mortality rates in the fastest circuits than in slower ones by optimizing revascularization times. Methods since CODI IAM network was launched in June 2009, a prospective registry of all attended cases is conducted. We included in the study all patients with final STEMI diagnosis treated with primary PCI from January 2010 to December 2016. Patients were divided in 4 different groups regarding FMC point: primary care center (PCC), community hospital (CH), PCI-hospital (PCI-H), emergency medical services (EMS)). Clinical data, reperfusion times and 30-day and 1-year mortality were analyzed. Results a total of 14,483 patients (PCC 19%, CH 35,7%, PCI-H 12,5%; EMS 32,7%) were included in the analysis. Women proportion was higher in hospital-attended cases (p < 0,001), and so was diabetes (p < 0,001). Previous history of MI, PCI and CABG were more frequent in both EMS and PCI-H groups (p < 0,001). Killip-Kimball Classes III-IV were more frequent in PCI-H and EMS groups (EMS 12,5%, PCI-H 10,4%, CH 7%, PCC 4,6%; p < 0,001). All complications (intubation, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, AV block) in first medical assistance were more frequent in EMS group (p < 0,001). Median time from ECG to reperfusion was shorter in the PCI-H group (74 min (IQR 56-110), p < 0,001) but the shortest median ischaemic time was achieved by EMS group (155 min (IQR 120-215), p < 0,001). Global 30-day and 1-year mortality were 5,8% and 9,4% respectively, significantly higher in PCI-H and EMS groups than in CH and PCC groups (30-day m. CH 4,9%, PCC 3,3%, PCI-H 7%, EMS 7,8%), p < 0,001). After Cox regression adjusted analysis including sex, age, diabetes, anterior STEMI, Killip-Kimball Class and primary VF, 30-day and 1-year mortality remained higher in PCI-H and EMS groups compared to CH group, both without adjusting by time (HR 1,31 (1,01-1,69), p = 0,04 for PCI-H 30-day mortality; HR 1,25 (1,03-1,51), p = 0,025 for EMS 30-day mortality), and after adjusting by time ECG-reperfusion >120 min (HR 1,56 (1,20-2,03), p = 0,001 for PCI-H 30-day mortality and HR 1,48 (1,21-1,82), p < 0,001 for EMS 30-day mortality). Conclusions considering that reperfusion time intervals favour EMS and PCI-H groups, crude between-groups mortality differences might be justified by a selection bias rather than by the pathway itself. Despite this probable selection bias, the STEMI network achieves a reduction of these differences by shortening reperfusion times in EMS and PCI-H groups. Abstract Figure. 1-year mortality curves

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The relationship between antihypertensive medications and mood disorders: analysis of linked healthcare data for 1.8 million patients

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291719004094 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Richard J. Shaw ◽

Daniel Mackay ◽

Jill P. Pell ◽

Sandosh Padmanabhan ◽

David S. Bailey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mood Disorder ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Previous History ◽

Area Deprivation ◽

Antihypertensive Medications ◽

Healthcare Data ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

New Onset

Abstract Background Recent work suggests that antihypertensive medications may be useful as repurposed treatments for mood disorders. Using large-scale linked healthcare data we investigated whether certain classes of antihypertensive, such as angiotensin antagonists (AAs) and calcium channel blockers, were associated with reduced risk of new-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD). Method Two cohorts of patients treated with antihypertensives were identified from Scottish prescribing (2009–2016) and hospital admission (1981–2016) records. Eligibility for cohort membership was determined by a receipt of a minimum of four prescriptions for antihypertensives within a 12-month window. One treatment cohort (n = 538 730) included patients with no previous history of mood disorder, whereas the other (n = 262 278) included those who did. Both cohorts were matched by age, sex and area deprivation to untreated comparators. Associations between antihypertensive treatment and new-onset MDD or bipolar episodes were investigated using Cox regression. Results For patients without a history of mood disorder, antihypertensives were associated with increased risk of new-onset MDD. For AA monotherapy, the hazard ratio (HR) for new-onset MDD was 1.17 (95% CI 1.04–1.31). Beta blockers' association was stronger (HR 2.68; 95% CI 2.45–2.92), possibly indicating pre-existing anxiety. Some classes of antihypertensive were associated with protection against BD, particularly AAs (HR 0.46; 95% CI 0.30–0.70). For patients with a past history of mood disorders, all classes of antihypertensives were associated with increased risk of future episodes of MDD. Conclusions There was no evidence that antihypertensive medications prevented new episodes of MDD but AAs may represent a novel treatment avenue for BD.

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Clinical Efficacy of Ruxolitinib in Patients with Myelofibrosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10204774 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (20) ◽

pp. 4774

Author(s):

Byung-Hyun Lee ◽

Hyemi Moon ◽

Jae-Eun Chae ◽

Ka-Won Kang ◽

Byung-Soo Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Propensity Scores ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Previous History ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

History Of ◽

Korean National Health Insurance ◽

Insurance Database

Previous studies have reported the survival benefit after ruxolitinib treatment in patients with myelofibrosis (MF). However, population-based data of its efficacy are limited. We analyzed the effects of ruxolitinib in MF patients with data from the Korean National Health Insurance Database. In total, 1199 patients diagnosed with MF from January 2011 to December 2017 were identified, of which 731 were included in this study. Patients who received ruxolitinib (n = 224) were matched with those who did not receive the drug (n = 507) using the 1:1 greedy algorithm. Propensity scores were formulated using five variables: age, sex, previous history of arterial/venous thrombosis, and red blood cell (RBC) or platelet (PLT) transfusion dependence at the time of diagnosis. Cox regression analysis for overall survival (OS) revealed that ruxolitinib treatment (hazard ratio (HR), 0.67; p = 0.017) was significantly related to superior survival. In the multivariable analysis for OS, older age (HR, 1.07; p < 0.001), male sex (HR, 1.94; p = 0.021), and RBC (HR, 3.72; p < 0.001) or PLT (HR, 9.58; p = 0.001) transfusion dependence were significantly associated with poor survival, although type of MF did not significantly affect survival. Considering evidence supporting these results remains weak, further studies on the efficacy of ruxolitinib in other populations are needed.

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Predictors of cerebrovascular event reoccurrence in patients with depression: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031927 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. e031927 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wa Cai ◽

Christoph Mueller ◽

Hitesh Shetty ◽

Gayan Perera ◽

Robert Stewart

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Health ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Previous History ◽

Research Centre ◽

Cerebrovascular Event ◽

Case Register ◽

Physical Health Problems ◽

History Of

ObjectivesTo identify predictors of recurrent cerebrovascular morbidity in a cohort of patients with depression and a cerebrovascular disease (CBVD) history.MethodsWe used the Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre Case Register to identify patients aged 50 years or older with a diagnosis of depressive disorder between 2008 and 2017 and a previous history of hospitalised CBVD. Using depression diagnosis as the index date we followed patients until first hospitalised CBVD recurrence or death due to CBVD. Sociodemographic data, symptom and functioning scores of Health of the Nation Outcome Scales, medications and comorbidities were extracted and modelled in multivariate survival analyses to identify predictors of CBVD reoccurrence.ResultsOf 1292 patients with depression and CBVD (mean age 75.6 years; 56.6% female), 264 (20.4%) experienced fatal/non-fatal CBVD recurrence during a median follow-up duration of 1.66 years. In multivariate Cox regression models, a higher risk of CBVD recurrence was predicted by older age (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.04) (p=0.002), physical health problems (moderate to severe HR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.45 to 4.19) (p=0.001), anticoagulant (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.93) (p=0.041) and antipsychotic medication (HR, 0.66; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.99) (p=0.047). Neither depression severity, mental health symptoms, functional status, nor antidepressant prescribing were significantly associated with CBVD recurrence.ConclusionsApproximately one in five patients with depression and CBVD experienced a CBVD recurrence over a median follow-up time of 20 months. Risk of CBVD recurrence was largely dependent on age and physical health rather than on severity of depressive symptoms, co-morbid mental health or functional problems, or psychotropic prescribing.

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Perioperative risk factors for occurrence of myasthenia gravis after thymectomy in patients with thymoma

Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery ◽

10.1093/icvts/ivaa133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 519-526

Author(s):

Xin Zhang ◽

Bin Li ◽

Jianyong Zou ◽

Chunhua Su ◽

Haoshuai Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Myasthenia Gravis ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Previous History ◽

Tumour Resection ◽

History Of ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

The Relationship

Abstract OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to identify the relationship between clinical characteristics and the occurrence of postoperative myasthenia gravis (PMG) in patients with thymomas and to further identify the relationship between PMG and prognosis. METHODS Thymoma patients who had surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between July 2004 and July 2016 were reviewed and those who had no previous symptoms of myasthenia gravis were selected for further investigation. In total, 229 patients were included in the study; their clinical characteristics were gathered and analysed. RESULTS Among the 229 patients, 19 (8.3%) had PMG. The time between the operation and the onset of myasthenia gravis was 134 days on average (range 2–730 days). Patients experiencing PMG showed a lower rate of complete thymoma resection (73.7% vs 91.4%; P = 0.014) and total thymectomy (63.2% vs 82.9%; P = 0.035) compared with those who did not. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression revealed that thymomectomy [odds ratio (OR) 2.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–7.77; P = 0.047] and incomplete tumour resection (OR 3.79, 95% CI 1.20–11.98; P = 0.023) were associated with the occurrence of PMG. Multivariable Cox regression showed that the PMG was not related to overall survival (P = 0.087). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that incomplete tumour resection and thymomectomy were independent risk factors for PMG in thymoma patients with no previous history of myasthenia gravis.

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Habitual fish consumption and risk of incident stroke: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)–Norfolk prospective population study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/phn2006942 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 882-888 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Phyo K Myint ◽

Ailsa A Welch ◽

Sheila A Bingham ◽

Robert N Luben ◽

Nicholas J Wareham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Consumption ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Previous History ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Stroke Incidence ◽

Men And Women ◽

Supplement Use ◽

History Of ◽

Total Fish ◽

Prospective Investigation

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the association between fish consumption and stroke risk.DesignProspective population cohort study.SettingNorfolk, UK cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC–Norfolk).SubjectsSubjects were 24 312 men and women aged 40–79 years who had no previous history of stroke at baseline.MethodsFish consumption was assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire at baseline in 1993–1997 and stroke incidence ascertained to 2004.ResultsA total of 421 incident strokes were identified (mean follow-up=8.5 years, total person-years=209 238). There were no significant relationships between total fish, shellfish or fish roe consumption and risk of stroke in men and women after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking, cholesterol, diabetes, physical activity, alcohol consumption, fish oil supplement use and total energy intake using Cox regression analyses. Oily fish consumption was significantly lower in women who subsequently had a stroke (odds ratio (OR) for consumers vs. non-consumers=0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51–0.94,P=0.02). The trend in men was similar but not significant (OR for consumers vs. non-consumers=0.88, 95% CI 0.65–1.19,P=0.41).ConclusionsThere was no consistent relationship between fish consumption and stroke in this British population. Inconsistencies in the observed health effects of fish consumption in different populations may reflect different patterns and type of fish consumed and preparation methods.

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Vaccine Information Pamphlets: More Information Than Parents Want?

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.95.3.331 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 331-334

Author(s):

Thomas M. Fitzgerald ◽

Deborah E. Glotzer

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Information Needs ◽

Prior Experience ◽

Care Center ◽

Primary Care Center ◽

Childhood Immunizations ◽

History Of ◽

Vaccine Information ◽

Almost All ◽

To Receive

Objective. To assess the information needs of parents regarding childhood immunizations, and their satisfaction with the Vaccine Information Pamphlets (VIPs). Research design. Verbally administered, forced-choice survey of a representative sample. Setting. Urban teaching hospital-primary care center (N = 73), neighborhood health center (N = 75), and a suburban private practice (N = 75). Participants. Parents or guardians of children scheduled for routine checkups, aged 1 month to 18 years, presenting for routine health care maintenance visits. Results. Of 227 parents, 223 completed the survey. Almost all (98%) had prior experience with their children's immunizations, and 7% reported a history of a "bad" experience. Most parents stated that it was "very important" to receive information about immunizations regarding: diseases prevented by the immunizations (89%); common side effects (91%); serious side effects (89%); contraindications (91%). Eighty percent of parents indicated they wanted immunization information discussed with each vaccination. Forty-three percent of the parents were familiar with the VIPs; of these, 88% reported that the amount of information was "just right," and 94% thought the VIPs were helpful. However, 29% thought the VIPs were either too long, or somewhat too long. Conclusions. Parents indicate that they want information about many aspects of immunizations, and those familiar with the VIPs report high levels of satisfaction with the pamphlets.

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Global longitudinal strain as a predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease and heart failure with preserved/mid-range ejection fraction

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

J Santos ◽

I Pires ◽

V Neto ◽

L Goncalves ◽

J Correia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Global Longitudinal Strain ◽

Previous History ◽

Composite Endpoint ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Patients With Heart Failure ◽

History Of

Abstract Introduction Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is considered a more sensitive marker of systolic dysfunction than other measures commonly used in clinical practice, such as left ventricle ejection fraction (EF). Our objective was to evaluate the impact of reduced GLS in death and cardiovascular events in patients hospitalized due to heart failure with mid-range or preserved ejection fraction, with previous history of acute myocardial infarction. Methods A retrospective analysis of 170 patients admitted to a Cardiology ward due to acute heart failure (AHF) was performed. Patients with reduced EF (Simpson biplane method - EF<40%) were excluded based on echocardiographic evaluation after AHF stabilization. GLS measured by “speckle tracking” technique was calculated for each patient. Measurements were made by the same operator to minimize interoperator variability. Mann-Whitney U test was used for univariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival plots and Cox-regression analysis were performed to assess differences in 12-month mortality (12MM) and in the composite endpoint of cardiovascular event or death (12CVM) at 12 months. Results A total of 127 patients were included. Mean patient age was 64 (±14) years; 72% were men. 48% of patients had history of ST elevation AMI. Mean EF was 54% (±8) and mean GLS was −14.3 (±3.8). Rates of 12MM and 12CV M were 14.2% and 19.3%, respectively. A statistically significant association between 12MM and 12MCV was found in univariate analysis for GLS (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meyer survival plots revealed that a compromised GLS (<−16) was associated with significantly increased 12MM (23% vs 2.5%, X2: 7.999, p=0.005) and 12CVM (26.6% vs 10%, X2: 4.139, p=0.042). When stratified by mid-range vs preserved EF, GLS <−16 was associated with worse outcomes, although the results did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). However, when considering a severely compromised GLS (<−13), GLS was significantly associated with increased 12MM (52% vs 8.3%, X2: 5.533, p=0.019) and 12CVM (50% vs 8.3%, X2: 4.970, p=0.026), in the subgroup of patients with heart failure with mid-range EF. Cox-regression analysis demonstrated that GLS was independently associated with 12MM (HR: 0.668p, <0.001) and the 12CVM composite endpoint (HR: 0.819, p=0.008), even after adjustment for other important prognostic markers such as chronic kidney disease, pulmonary disease and diabetes, with significant hazard ratio reduction for each positive point increase in GLS. Conclusion GLS is an independent predictor of 12MM and 12CVM in patients hospitalized due to AHF, with an EF ≥40% and previous history of acute myocardial infarction. In the subgroup of patients with heart failure with mid-range EF, a severely compromised GLS (<−13) is a strong predictor of 12MM and 12CVM. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

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Analysis of Corneal Astigmatism after Clear Corneal Phacoemulsification : A Prospective Study

Birat Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/bjhs.v5i2.31371 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 1001-1005

Author(s):

Nisha Agrawal ◽

Lalit Agarwal ◽

Reena Yadav ◽

Archana Kumari ◽

Kinsuk Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cataract Surgery ◽

Care Center ◽

Previous History ◽

Ocular Surgery ◽

Postoperative Astigmatism ◽

History Of ◽

Group A ◽

Induced Astigmatism ◽

Group B ◽

A Prospective Study

Introduction: With the evolution of cataract surgery over the past years and increasing patient demand for spectacle independence, today cataract surgery is moreover a refractive surgery. Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) hinders post-operative refractive precision by changing the refractive power of cornea. Objectives: To calculate and compare SIA and postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) among eyes undergoing phacoemulsification performed via superior and temporal approach. Methodology: A longitudinal prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary eye care center. 200 consecutive patients who underwent 2.8mm clear corneal phacoemulsification were allocated in Group A (Superior) and Group B (Temporal) in equal numbers by random lotiery method. Patients with any corneal pathology, glaucoma, retina or macular diseases, with previous history of trauma or ocular surgery were excluded. Preoperative astigmatism, postoperative astigmatism and postoperative SE were calculated at 6weeks follow-up. SIA was calculated using vector analysis software version 2.1 given by Dr Sawhney. Results Eighty patients of group A and 99 patients of Group B were included in the analysis. Preoperative keratometry and astigmatism was comparable between the two groups. Postopera tive astigmatism was significantly lower in temporal incision (0.75± 0.58) group than in superior incision group (1.2±0.71). SIA in-group A was 0.43D and in group B was 0.18D. SE was found to be significantly lower in temporal incision (p<0.01) group. Conclusion Temporal incision is astigmatically more neutral and has betier refractive precision than superior incision clear corneal phacoemulsification.

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Comparison of the Development and Prognosis in Patients of Hypertriglyceridemic Pancreatitis with and without Diabetes

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2021/8895268 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Wenjian Liao ◽

Xiuxiu Niu ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Xiaobing Liu

Keyword(s):

Cox Regression ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Previous History ◽

Apache Ii ◽

Apache Ii Score ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Heart Ischemia ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

History Of

Aim. To investigate the clinical features and prognosis in patients of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis with or without diabetes. Methods. 157 patients with hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (HTGP) were included in this study. Patients with a previous history of diabetes were identified in the group of HTGP with diabetes (HTGPD), while patients without a history of diabetes were identified in the group of HTGP. The clinical characteristics and prognosis data of these patients in the two groups were analyzed. Results. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, body mass index, glycated serum protein (GSP), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score were significantly associated with mortality in patients with HTGP. The mortality was significantly higher in the HTGPD group than in the HTGP group ( p < 0.001 ). Compared to patients of HTGP, those of HTGPD had older age of onset, higher blood glucose levels, and higher GSP levels on admission. Electrocardiograms showed that patients of HTGPD had a significantly higher risk of heart ischemia than those of HTGP ( p < 0.05 ). Patients of HTGPD had higher APACHE II scores than those of HTGP ( p < 0.001 ). Single-factor analysis showed that higher triglyceride levels, GSP, LDL, and previous history of diabetes were associated with HTGP recurrence. Conclusions. Clinicians should be alert to patients of HTGP with diabetes. Diabetes is an important risk factor for HTGP and hyperglycemia may affect the development and prognosis of HTGP.

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Characteristics of patients with atrial high rate episodes detected by implanted defibrillator and resynchronisation devices

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0463 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

K Miyazawa ◽

D Pastori ◽

D Martin ◽

W Choucair ◽

J Halperin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Female Gender ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

High Rate ◽

Clinical Factors ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Funding Sources ◽

History Of

Abstract Aims Atrial high rate episodes (AHRE) are associated with increased risks of thromboembolism and cardiovascular mortality. However, the clinical characteristics of patients developing AHRE of various durations are not well studied. Methods This was an ancillary analysis of the multicenter, randomized IMPACT trial. In the present analysis, we classified patients according to duration of AHRE ≤6 minutes, >6 minutes to ≤6 hours, >6 hours to ≤24 hours and >24 hours, and investigated the association between clinical factors and the development of each duration of AHRE. Results Of 2,718 patients included in the trial, 945 (34.8%) developed AHRE. The incidence rates of each AHRE duration category were 10.7, 24.0, 0.14, and 0.07%, respectively. Using Cox regression analysis, heart failure was inversely associated with AHRE <6 minutes (hazard ratio [HR] 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40–0.85, p=0.005), while age ≥65 years and history of atrial fibrillation (AF) and/or atrial flutter (AFL) were risk factors for AHRE >6 minutes. Female gender was inversely associated with AHRE >6 minutes to ≤6 hours (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.54–0.96, p=0.027) and >6 hours to ≤24 hours (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.49–1.02, p=0.061). Hypertension was associated with AHRE >24 hours (HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.24–3.65, p=0.006). Conclusion AHRE >6 minutes to ≤6 hours were most prevalent among all AHRE duration categories. Age and history of AF/AFL were risk factors for AHRE >6 minutes. Women were at lower risk for AHRE >6 minutes to ≤24 hours, while hypertension was associated with AHRE >24 hours. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Cumulative incidence of each AHRE burden

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