1108Effectiveness of nursing counseling for patients with cardiovascular risk factors: controlled clinical trial with a 24 months post-intervention follow-up

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Salazar ◽  
V Vilchez-Barboza ◽  
K Saez ◽  
T Paravic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Face To Face

Abstract Objective To establish the effect after 24 months of a face-to-face and telephone nursing counseling intervention, aimed at controlling cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia and overweight) and improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients of the cardiovascular health program of family health centers of Concepciόn, Chile. Methods Randomized controlled clinical trial with a 24 months post-intervention follow-up. 120 patients with cardiovascular risk factors under the cardiovascular health program were recruited from 6 family health centers and randomized into a control group (60) and an intervention group (60). The intervention group received the regular care in addition to face-to-face and telephone nursing counseling. Baseline measurements were taken and also at the end of the intervention (7 months). Participants returned then after 12 and 24 months for follow-up evaluations. A total of 109 subjects completed the intervention at 7 months and 45 returned at 24 months. During follow-up evaluations both groups continued to receive regular care given in the health centers. The measurements consisted of HRQoL (physical and mental health), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference (AC), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoproteins (LDL-Chol), high density lipoprotein (HDL-Chol), atherogenicity index (LDL/HDL), cardiovascular risk factor (TC/HDL), 10-year coronary risk. Ethical requirements were considered and statistical analysis was carried out using MANCOVA and d-Cohen repeated measurements. Results The analysis of the effects of the intervention in the 24-month follow-up showed that subjects in the intervention group only maintained significant improvement of AC over time (F=3.18; p=0.03), compared to the control group. Conclusion Although participants in the intervention group only maintained the AC improvement over time, this can be regarded as an indirect indicator of the presence of intra-abdominal fat that makes it possible to predict and classify the risk of cardiovascular disease. Long-term follow-up studies are required to investigate behaviors and mechanisms that contribute to maintaining improvements in this indicator. Additionally, future research should include reinforcement activities, either face-to-face or by telephone, to help maintain the positive results of interventions. Acknowledgement/Funding Universidad de Concepciόn 214.082.049-1.0

scholarly journals Effectiveness of personalized face-to-face and telephone nursing counseling interventions for cardiovascular risk factors: a controlled clinical trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Vílchez Barboza ◽  
Tatiana Paravic Klijn ◽  
Alide Salazar Molina ◽  
Katia Lorena Sáez Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Telephone Nursing

Abstract Objective: to evaluate the effect and gender differences of an innovative intervention involving in-person and telephone nursing counseling to control cardiovascular risk factors (arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and overweight), improve health-related quality of life and strengthen self-efficacy and social support in persons using the municipal health centers' cardiovascular health program. Method: a randomized controlled clinical trial involving participants randomized into the intervention group who received traditional consultation plus personalized and telephone nursing counseling for 7 months (n = 53) and the control group (n = 56). The study followed the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Statement. Results: women in the intervention group presented a significant increase in the physical and mental health components compared to the control group, with decreases in weight, abdominal circumference, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the atherogenic index. The effects attributable to the intervention in the men in the intervention group were increased physical and emotional roles and decreased systolic and diastolic pressure, waist circumference, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, cardiovascular risk factor, and 10-year coronary risk. Conclusion: this intervention is an effective strategy for the control of three cardiovascular risk factors and the improvement of health-related quality of life.

Effect of Dietary Education on Cardiovascular risk Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahil Taheri ◽  
Shahram Molavynejad ◽  
Parvin Abedi ◽  
Elham Rajaei ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Haghighizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dietary Education

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary education on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: In this randomized clinical trial, 112 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomly assigned into two groups, intervention and control. Dietary education was provided for the intervention group in 4 sessions; anthropometric measurements, serum levels of RF, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and fasting blood sugar were measured before and three months after intervention. Data was analyzed using SPSS software and appropriate statistical tests. Results: The mean of total cholesterol (p <0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.004), LDL (p <0.001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.003), FBS and BMI (p <0.001) were decreased significantly in the intervention group after education compared the control group. Conclusion: Traditional care for rheumatoid arthritis patients is not enough. Patients need more education in order to improve their situation.

Incidence of arterial cardiovascular events in patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (08) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Marchiori ◽  
Alfonso Noto ◽  
Vincenza Rossi ◽  
Filomena Daniele ◽  
Caterina Santoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects

SummaryRecent data have showna higher incidence of arterial events in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) of unknown origin than in those with the secondary form of disease. Whether patients with idiopathic VTE have a higher risk of subsequent arterial events than the general population is unknown. The aim was to evaluate the rates of subsequent arterial events in patients with idiopathic VTE and control subjects. In a retrospective cohort study we compared the rates of subsequent arterial events (i.e. acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and peripheral arterial disease) in 151 consecutive patients with objectively confirmed spontaneousVTE and 151 control subjects randomly selected from the database of two family physicians. We collected information about cardiovascular risk-factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, obesity and smoke) at the time of VTE episode, or corresponding date for the controls, and considered the follow-up from this time. Patients and controls who had suffered from arterial events before the index date were excluded. During a mean follow-up of 43.1 (± 21.7) months there were 16 arterial events in theVTE patients and six in the control group (HR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.11 to 7.27; p= 0.03).The difference remained significant after adjusting for age and other cardiovascular risk factors (HR 2.86; 95% CI, 1.07 to 7.62).Overall mortality was also higher in theVTE patients (12 vs.4 deaths). In conclusion, arterial events are more common in patients with previous idiopathic VTE than in the general population. These findings may have practical implications.

scholarly journals Classic cardiovascular risk factors improve in very elderly hypopituitary patients treated on standard hormone replacement in long term follow- up

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Naves Rosa ◽  
Alexandre Anderson de Sousa Munhoz Soares ◽  
Marcelo Palmeira Rodrigues ◽  
Luciana Ansaneli Naves
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Abstract Background Hypopituitarism in the elderly population is an underdiagnosed condition and may increase comorbidities related to glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular risk factors. Optimization of hormone replacement that considers alterations in clearance rates of hormones, interaction with other medications, and evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio of treatment is a big challenge for clinical practice. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate classic cardiovascular risk factors in hypopituitary septuagenarians and octagenarians by diagnosis and after long-term hormone replacement. Methods This is a retrospective observational study, with patients recruited and selected from a registry in a tertiary medical center. We included patients aged 70–99 years with hypopituitarism, evaluated hormonal and biochemical parameters, and cardiovascular risk scores were calculated by diagnosis and compared after long-term follow-up. All patients gave informed consent. Patient data were compared to a sex and age-matched control group, with long-term geriatric follow-up, without endocrine diseases. Results Thirty-five patients were included, 16 patients aged 70–75 years (72.61), 12 patients 76–80 years (72.28), 7 patients 81–99 years (89.28). Pituitary macroadenomas were the main cause of hypopituitarism, mean maximal diameter 3.4 cm (2.9–4.3), and invasive craniopharyngiomas. At the moment of diagnosis, most patients were overweight, and abdominal adiposity was observed in 76.9% of women and 36.4% of men, primarily in octagenarians and nonagenarians. Comorbidities were frequent; 85.7% presented hypertension, 37.1% diabetes, 53.1% low HDL, 51.5% hypertriglyceridemia. Most patients presented more than two combined pituitary deficiencies; hypogonadism in 88.6%, central hypothyroidism in 82.9%, GH deficiency in 65.7%, and adrenal insufficiency in 25.7%. Analysis of cardiovascular risk prediction in the total cohort showed that 57.1% of patients presented a reduction in the General Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Prediction Score and 45.7% in atherosclerotic CVD risk estimated by ACC/AHA 2013 Pooled Cohort Equation, despite being submitted to conventional hormone replacement, during the mean follow-up of 14.5 years. This reduction was not observed in the control group. Discussion and conclusion In this study, aged hypopituitary patients presented a reduction in estimated general CVD risk during long-term follow-up, despite replacement with corticosteroids, levothyroxine, or gonadal steroids. Early diagnosis and treatment of hypopituitarism in the elderly remain challenging. Larger studies should be performed to assess the risk-benefit ratio of hormone replacement on the metabolic profile in septuagenarian and octogenarian patients.

scholarly journals Pilot Study on the Effects of a Plant-Strong Diet on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Veterans (Part 1)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1352-1352
Author(s):  
Shawn Toso ◽  
Julie Kurtz ◽  
William Reichert ◽  
Raymond Migrino ◽  
Diane Parrington
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Control Group

Abstract Objectives A short-term intervention designed to test the feasibility of Veterans to adopt a whole-food, plant-based (WFPB) diet has not been tested. The specific aims of this study were to (1) determine the feasibility of Veterans adopting a WFPB diet within four weeks, following a plant-strong protocol, (2) determine the effectiveness on participant's cardiovascular risk factors and dietary patterns and (3) compare the results to Veterans following the American Heart Association or Diabetic Diets. Methods Prospective, nonrandomized, pilot study of overweight or obese hyperlipidemic Veterans naive to lipid lowering drugs. The first 4 participants were assigned the control group, the next 6 were assigned the intervention. Participants in the control group who met inclusion/exclusion criteria after completion of control intervention could cross-over into the intervention group. The intervention was a four-week program which included individual education on a WFBP diet, (including menu planning and making grocery lists), a grocery store tour, cooking skills, substitutions and food preparation, and challenges dining out. Participants in the control arm received the standard of care. Anthropometrics, biochemical measures, and dietary intake patterns were obtained at baseline and five weeks. Results Eight male Veterans (mean 57 years old) completed the study, (n = 4 control, n = 6 intervention, 2 crossed over). Ability to adopt a WFBP diet was 83%. Data from diet adopters were compared to the control. Both groups had a significant decrease in LDL from baseline (12% control and 19% in intervention, P = 0.04 each). Veterans in the intervention group had a significant decrease in weight (3%, P = 0.04) and reported: gassiness, better digestion, more energy and better sleep. Conclusions Veterans were able to adopt a WFBP diet and experienced a favorable change in LDL cholesterol. Resources needed to conduct the intervention preclude widespread implementation. Further research is needed to determine if less resource intensive programs are feasible and effective for long-term sustainability and determine which Veterans may benefit most. Funding Sources Carl T Hayden Medical Research Foundation.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of radiotherapy on cardiovascular risk factors in acromegaly

2011 ◽  
Vol 164 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina L Ronchi ◽  
Elisa Verrua ◽  
Emanuele Ferrante ◽  
Gwendolyn Bender ◽  
Elisa Sala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
End Point ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events

ObjectiveRadiation therapy (RT) is a useful adjuvant tool for acromegalic patients not cured by surgery and/or not responding to pharmacotherapy. However, its specific effects on cardio- and cerebrovascular morbidity are still on debate.DesignRetrospective analysis of 42 acromegalic patients cured after conventional radiotherapy (CRT, n=31) or radiosurgery by gamma-knife (GKRS, n=11) followed for a median period of 16.5 years (range: 2–40). Totally, 56 patients cured by surgery alone, with similar GH/IGF1 levels and duration of disease remission, served as control group.MethodsChanges in cardiovascular risk factors, such as body mass index, glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, blood pressure, and lipid profile (pre-defined primary end point) and occurrence of new major cardio- and cerebrovascular events (secondary end point) during follow-up.ResultsThe number of obese, hypertensive, and dyslipidemic subjects increased over time only in patients cured with RT. In contrast, the glucose response to the oral glucose tolerance test and the percentage of subjects with glucose alterations improved only in controls. As expected, the percentage of patients with pituitary failure was deeply higher among RT patients than among controls (86 vs 30%, P<0.0005). Despite these findings, a similar number of RT patients and controls developed major cardio- or cerebrovascular events (4/42 vs 3/56, P: NS). No differences were found between CRT and GKRS subgroups.ConclusionsPrevious RT seems to be associated with a worse metabolic profile in acromegalic patients studied after a long-term follow-up. Nevertheless, a direct link between RT and cardiovascular events remains to be proven.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Vascular Evaluation in Patients Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs): From Plaque Formation to Evolution and Follow up on 150 Patients

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 54-54
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Abruzzese ◽  
Rossana Gloria ◽  
Andrea Siani ◽  
Carla Mazzone ◽  
Matteo Molica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Advisory Committees

Background Among the unresolved issues concerning management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, the most feared are long-term adverse events due to TKI treatment. Although TKIs have revolutionized CML outcomes, their use has also been associated with severe side effects including cardiovascular events, of which peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is the most frequently reported. In 2010 we began a long-term collaboration with local angiologists and vascular surgeons to investigate, screen and follow patients on TKI therapy. Placque formation, evolution and follow up of 150 patients were studied and are presented here. Methods We analyzed 143 CML and 7 Ph+ Acute Lymphoid leukemia (ALL) patients, all of whom were treated with TKIs. Careful assessment of cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., age, smoking, obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, high LDL or low HDL cholesterol levels, family history of heart disease or other cardiovascular disease) were done according to the European Society of Cardiology Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) risk charts. A complete vascular screening, including physical examination, and a series of instrumental tests were performed for all patients. Tests included doppler echocardiography (US) of supra-aortic arteries with measurement of pre-bulbar IMT, abdominal arteries and inferior limbs arteries and veins (IL), ABI of the posterior tibial artery and digital photoplethysmography (FPG). Patients needing surgical intervention were referred to a surgeon. The team of hematologists, angiologists and surgeons met periodically to discuss results and intervention approaches. Results Patients included 76 males and 74 females with a median age of 53.7 yo (range 18-85). All patients were treated with a TKI at diagnosis, 87 (58%) with imatinib, 63 (42%) with other TKIs, including ponatinib (2 LLA), and all received TKI therapy for a minimum of 12 months since 2010. For analyses purposes, patients were divided in 7 different age groups at diagnosis (18-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80 and 81-85 years; patients incidence per group was 6%, 18%, 18.6%, 27.4%, 13.3%, 12.7% and 4%, respectively). Each patient in the study received yearly screening, and this increased to every 3-6 mo if abnormalities occurred. Of the 150 patients in the study, 10 (7%) developed severe PAOD (grade 3-4) requiring revascularization. Districts involved were: carotid (5), renal (2) and extremities (14 IL, 1 subclavian). Three patients were polyvascular requiring intervention in multiple regions. 18 patients with no malignancies requiring surgery were used as a control group and matched for sex, age, diabetes, smoking, district and intervention to compare patency rates, morbidity and mortality. At event, these 10 patients were taking imatinib (1), bosutinib (1), nilotinib (5) and ponatinib (3). None of them had a previous PAOD, but all had cardiovascular risk factors (100% were hypertensive). Median age was 66.8 yo (range 46-82) and the median number of PAOD risk factors (age &gt;60, hypertension, diabetes, male gender, nicotine abuse and coronary heart disease) was 2 (range 1-5). Plaque was deemed significant when stenosis was &gt;30%; at this point it developed very rapidly, with signs of arterial thrombosis within a year, requiring intervention. IMT scores (measuring thickness of carotid artery wall) and ABI followed by FPG and their variation over time proved predictive for plaque evolution. No patient died due to complications relating directly to surgical intervention or within 30 days post-surgery. One patient required a major limb amputation at 12 months. Patency rates were similar in the TKI and control group at 12 months (88.2% vs 80%), however the frequency of reintervention (endo or open) was 50% in TKI patients (n=5) and 11% in the control group (n=2; P&lt;0.01). Discussion Multidisciplinary evaluation, comorbidity analysis and cardiovascular risk assessment in CML patients are highly recommended, at diagnosis if possible, to implement a tailored treatment strategy and to identify patients who require strict monitoring of risk factors during treatment. Extensive and detailed information on the 150 patients in this study will be presented with a focus on the onset and characteristics of thrombotic arterial events, medical/surgical interventions, analysis of instrumental parameters (ABI, IMT, FPG) and correlation with clinical data. Disclosures Abruzzese: Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bms: Honoraria.

scholarly journals Premature STEMI in Men and Women: Current Clinical Features and Improvements in Management and Prognosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1314
Author(s):  
Rebeca Lorca ◽  
Isaac Pascual ◽  
Andrea Aparicio ◽  
Alejandro Junco-Vicente ◽  
Rut Alvarez-Velasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most frequent cause of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Etiopathogenic and prognostic characteristics in young patients may differ from older patients and young women may present worse outcomes than men. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of men and women with premature STEMI. Methods: A total 1404 consecutive patients were referred to our institution for emergency cardiac catheterization due to STEMI suspicion (1 January 2014–31 December 2018). Patients with confirmed premature (<55 years old in men and <60 in women) STEMI (366 patients, 83% men and 17% women) were included (359 atherothrombotic and 7 spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)). Results: Premature STEMI patients had a high prevalence of classical cardiovascular risk factors. Mean follow-up was 4.1 years (±1.75 SD). Mortality rates, re-hospitalization, and hospital stay showed no significant differences between sexes. More than 10% of women with premature STEMI suffered SCAD. There were no significant differences between sexes, neither among cholesterol levels nor in hypolipemiant therapy. The global survival rates were similar to that expected in the general population of the same sex and age in our region with a significantly higher excess of mortality at 6 years among men compared with the general population. Conclusion: Our results showed a high incidence of cardiovascular risk factors, a high prevalence of SCAD among young women, and a generally good prognosis after standardized treatment. During follow-up, 23% suffered a major cardiovascular event (MACE), without significant differences between sexes and observed survival at 1, 3, and 6 years of follow-up was 96.57% (95% CI 94.04–98.04), 95.64% (95% CI 92.87–97.35), and 94.5% (95% CI 91.12–97.66). An extra effort to prevent/delay STEMI should be invested focusing on smoking avoidance and optimal hypolipemiant treatment both in primary and secondary prevention.

HIV may indirectly accelerate coronary artery disease through enhancing the effects of conventional and non-conventional cardiovascular risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kolossvary ◽  
E.K Fishman ◽  
G Gerstenblith ◽  
D.A Bluemke ◽  
R.N Mandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Agatston Score ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ascvd Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background/Introduction Cross-sectional studies are inconsistent on the potential independent adverse effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection on coronary artery disease (CAD). Furthermore, there is no information on the potential effects of HIV-infection on plaque volumes. Also, only the independent effects of HIV-infection on CAD have been investigated. Purpose In a prospective longitudinal observational cohort, we wished to assess whether HIV-infection accelerates CAD independently, or by acting in synergistic fashion with conventional and nonconventional cardiovascular risk factors to accelerate disease progression as assessed by clinical and volumetric parameters of CAD on coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Methods Overall, 300 asymptomatic individuals without cardiovascular symptoms but with CCTA-confirmed coronary plaques (210 males, age: 48.0±7.2 years) with or without HIV (226 HIV-infected) prospectively underwent CCTA at two time points (mean follow-up: 4.0±2.3 years). Agatston-score, number of coronary plaques, segment stenosis score were calculated, and we also segmented the coronary plaques to enumerate total, noncalcified (−100–350HU) and calcified (≥351HU) plaque volumes. Linear mixed models were used to assess the effects of HIV-infection, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, years of cocaine use and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein on CCTA markers of CAD. Results In univariate analysis, there was no significant difference in CAD characteristics between HIV-infected and -uninfected, neither at baseline nor at follow-up (p&gt;0.05 for all). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in annual progression rates between the two groups (p&gt;0.05 for all). By multivariate analysis, HIV was not associated with any CAD parameter (p&gt;0.05 for all). However, among HIV-infected individuals, each year of cocaine use significantly increased all CAD parameters (p&lt;0.05 for all), while ASCVD risk score was significantly associated with CAD parameters except for Agatston-score (p&lt;0.05). These associations were only present among HIV-infected individuals. Conclusion(s) Instead of directly worsening CAD, HIV may promote CAD through increased susceptibility to conventional and nonconventional cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, aggressive management of both conventional and nonconventional cardiovascular risk factors is needed to reduce cardiovascular burden of HIV-infection. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse

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