scholarly journals Knowledge and prevalence of depression among students on College of Medicine University of Lagos

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Aina ◽  
D K Adebowale
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Depressed State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
The University ◽  
Knowledge Of Depression

Abstract Background Depression is a significant mental health problem which tends to be one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Depression can lead to suicide and is the second leading cause of death in 15 - 29 year olds globally. Psychological morbidity in undergraduate students represents a neglected public health problem and holds major implications for campus health services and mental policy making. This study was therefore carried out to assess knowledge of depression, prevalence of depression and accuracy of depression status among students of the Faculty of Pharmacy and College of Medicine of the University of Lagos. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among students on the College of Medicine campus of the University of Lagos. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the participants while data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed using Epi info 7.0. Chi-square test was used to analyse categorical variables where p < 0.05 is statistically significant. Results A total of 400 students across all departments were recruited for this study. Most students were in 18 - 21 years' age group, with almost same proportion of females to males. More than half (56.50%) of the students had good knowledge of depression. The overall prevalence of depression was 36.5% among the students out of which 18.2% portrayed severe depression. More than half of the respondents (54.9%) who perceive they are depressed were actually not depressed. There was statistically significant difference between perceived depressed state and actual depressed state among the students (X2 = 18.14; p = 0.0001) Conclusions More than half the students possessed a good knowledge of depression. About one third were actually depressed. It is therefore important to create awareness programs which can serve as a platform to increase the knowledge and also reduce the prevalence of depression among these students. Key messages Understanding how much students know about depression will help to fill the identified knowledge gap and prevent them from going into depression. Identifying depressed students will help to alert campus health services to manage these students and thereby prevent potential problems associated with depression like suicide or school drop out.

scholarly journals Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescent Tehrani students, 2000–2001: an epidemic health problem

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Mohammadpour-Ahranjani ◽  
A Rashidi ◽  
M Karandish ◽  
MR Eshraghian ◽  
N Kalantari
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Capital City ◽  
School Students ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Girl Students

AbstractObjective:Overweight has become a public health problem in most developing countries. Evidence suggests that adolescence is a critical period in determining adulthood obesity and its complications. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school students.Design and setting:This descriptive study was conducted in Tehran city, 2000–2001. Body weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) values were calculated. Underweight, overweight and obesity were defined as <5th, ≥85th and ≥95th percentile, respectively, of age- and sex-specific BMI values from the National Center for Health Statistics/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2000).Subjects:Using a multistage sampling method, 2321 students (1068 males and 1253 females) aged 11–16 years were assessed in Tehran, the capital city of Iran.Results:The overall prevalences of overweight and obesity were 21.1 and 7.8%, respectively. The prevalence of overweight among girl students (i.e. 23.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 20.8–25.4) was significantly higher than that among boys (i.e. 18.8%; 95% CI 16.5–21.1, P = 0.01) even after adjustment for age (odds ratio 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.55, P = 0.02). No significant risk of obesity associated with age was found in girls or boys. In both sexes, median values of age-specific BMI in this study were statistically higher than corresponding values collected in Tehrani adolescents 10 years ago (P = 0.03). Similarly, a significant difference was seen between girl students in this study and the reference population (P = 0.03).Conclusion:According to this study, overweight, especially in girls, should be considered an epidemic health problem among adolescent students in Tehran.

scholarly journals A comparative study of depression among the elderly living in old age homes and community in Visakhapatnam, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Deepthi Karini ◽  
Siva Kumar Lotheti ◽  
Devi Madhavi Bhimarasetty
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Old Age Homes

Background: Depression in old age is an emerging public health problem leading to morbidity and disabling effect on the quality of life. Depression in elderly is not yet perceived as a public health problem and is grossly underdiagnosed and undertreated. The physical and social environment plays an important role on the mental health of the elderly. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess and compare the depression among elderly residing in old age homes (OAHs) and community. The objective of the study was to assess and compare depression among elderly residing in OAHs and those living in community.Methods: A cross sectional study was done from October to December, 2016 among 100 elderly, of which 50 were inmates of old age homes and 50 were living in community selected by house to house survey. A pre tested, externally validated short form geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) in the local language is used after taking informed consent.Results: Prevalence of depression was high among inmates of old age homes (80%) compared to those of community (52%), this difference was statistically significant (p=0.003). On analyzing the association between sociodemographic factors and depression among the elderly residing in the community, it was found that marital status and presence of chronic disease were significantly associated with depression (p<0.05). Whereas among the elderly residing in old age homes, no significant asociation was found between depression and the sociodemographic factors.Conclusions: High prevalence of depression observed among the studied population indicates the need of screening for depression among elderly.

scholarly journals Study of Personality Traits of Tobacco-Users and Non-Users among Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ruturaj H. Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Significant Difference

Tobacco use is a multi- dimensional and a worldwide problem with an alarming increase in its incidences. Adolescence continuing use of tobacco is major public health problem in India. The present study was attempted to study the personality traits of tobacco users (TU) than tobacco non-users (TNU) students. The purposive sampling method was adopted to select the sample. The sample consisted of 100 subject with tobacco users (n=50) and non-users (n=50) were selected from different schools and colleges of Jamnagar city of Gujarat state. The tools used were Eysenck’s Personality Inventory, gujarati version. Student-T test was used to analyses the data. The present study revealed that there is significant difference between student tobacco users and non-users on Neuroticism and Extraversion dimensions of personality. Student tobacco users score higher on both dimensions of personality than non-users. Conclusion: when tobacco prevention and intervention program are developed, these personality traits should be consider in addition to physiological aspects.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Pathologies Recorded at the Felix Houphouet-boigny University Community Health Center from 2013 to 2017 (Abidjan - Ivory Coast)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
N’gbesso Jean-Paul N’gbesso ◽  
Kanga Demedeiros ◽  
Allou Aimé Constantin Ahoua ◽  
Arra A. Juli Landry ◽  
Doumbia Mariamou Cisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathology ◽  
The University ◽  
University Community

Background: Gastrointestinal pathologies constitute a significant public health problem for the Ivory Coast, particularly for populations living under conditions of poor hygiene. Aims: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal pathologies within the student body attending the Felix Houphouet-Boigny University Community Health Center. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the university center of the university Felix Houphouet-Boigny de Cocody to the south of the Ivory Coast between January to February 2018. Methodology: It consisted of a documentary investigation which was carried out by consulting the medical files of the patients. Results: The results revealed that gastrointestinal pathologies constituted the third principal cause of affection in the students with 16% of the consultations. This study permitted to evaluate the level of prevalence of gastrointestinal pathologies of 2013 to 2017. Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that gastrointestinal pathology was a health problem for this student population.

Association of medication (Med) and antibiotic (Abx) use with response and survival in advanced melanoma (MEL) receiving PD-1 inhibitors.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9572-9572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Hemadri ◽  
Huang Lin ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Amy Rose ◽  
Cindy Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
University Of Pittsburgh ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
The University

9572 Background: Retrospective studies suggest that various med could dichotomous effects in regards to immunotherapy. These include adverse (antibiotics) and positive (aspirin, beta-blockers) influences. To evaluate potential additive or detrimental effects of various med in patients (pts) receiving PD-1 immunotherapy, we performed a retrospective evaluation of med intake in 172 pts with stage IV cutaneous MEL focusing on aspirin (asp), antacid (ant), antibiotic (abx), bisphosphonate (bisp), metformin (met) and statin (stat) intake. Methods: Pts with stage IV cutaneous MEL who received anti PD-1 therapy at the University of Pittsburgh between 2014-2018 were included in this analysis. PD-1 blockade was continued until progression or intolerable toxicity. Tumor assessment was performed at baseline and every 12 weeks and response classified per RECIST v1.1. Clinical and demographic data were obtained. Med intake was documented based on chart review in all pts. Intake was confirmed by analyzing at least one other note from a non-oncological provider. Descriptive statistics were created for all covariates. Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression were performed to assess how categorical variables related to response (ORR), overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) measured in months (mths). Results: 172 pts with advanced MEL were evaluated. Asp, ant, abx, bisp, met and stat use was documented in 62, 82, 29, 4, 15 and 57 pts respectively. ORR was not significantly related to intake of asp, ant, bisp, met and stat use; although ORR was lower in pts who received abx (p=0.0328). There was no significant difference in PFS and OS in pts who received asp, ant, bisp, met and stat. In patients who received abx compared to those who did not, median PFS (16.6 mths vs. 19.8 mths) and median OS (23.8 mths vs. 35.4) were both lower. Abx use did not interact with other meds. Conclusions: In this retrospective series of advanced MEL pts treated with PD-1 blockade, abx use was adversely associated with response to PD-1 blockade. Abx use was also associated with poorer PFS and OS. Conversely, neither a positive nor negative association with ORR, PFS and/or OS was seen with asp, ant, bisp, met and stat use. These results validate prior studies suggesting that abx use is associated with worse outcomes in pts receiving PD-1 blockade possibly by mediating intestinal dysbiosis.

scholarly journals Mental health services in Mexico

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
Shoshana Berenzon ◽  
Héctor Sentíes ◽  
Elena Medina-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Services ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Economic Insecurity

Mexico is a culturally, socially and economically heterogeneous country, with a population of over 100 million. Although it is regarded as a country with a medium–high income according to World Bank criteria, inequality continues to be one of its main problems. In addition to this, the country is going through a difficult period. Large parts of the population face economic insecurity, as a result of which feelings of despair, fear and impotence are common. It is hardly surprising, then, that mental disorders should constitute a major public health problem: depression is the main cause of loss of healthy years of life (6.4% of the population suffer from it), while alcohol misuse is the 9th (2.5%) and schizophrenia the 10th (2.1%) most common health problem (González-Pier et al, 2006).

scholarly journals Anaemia in schoolchildren in eight countries in Africa and Asia

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Andrew Hall ◽  
Emily Bobrow ◽  
Simon Brooker ◽  
Matthew Jukes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
African Countries ◽  
School Based ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractObjectiveTo report on the haemoglobin concentrations and prevalence of anaemia in schoolchildren in eight countries in Africa and Asia.DesignBlood samples were collected during surveys of the health of schoolchildren as a part of programmes to develop school-based health services.SettingRural schools in Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Tanzania and Vietnam.SubjectsNearly 14 000 children enrolled in basic education in three age ranges (7&ndash;11 years, 12&ndash;14 years and &Auml;15 years) which reflect the new UNICEF/WHO thresholds to define anaemia.ResultsAnaemia was found to be a severe public health problem (defined as >40% anaemic) in five African countries for children aged 7–11 years and in four of the same countries for children aged 12–14 years. Anaemia was not a public health problem in the children studied in the two Asian countries. More boys than girls were anaemic, and children who enrolled late in school were more likely to be anaemic than children who enrolled closer to the correct age. The implications of the four new thresholds defining anaemia for school-age children are examined.ConclusionsAnaemia is a significant problem in schoolchildren in sub-Saharan Africa. School-based health services which provide treatments for simple conditions that cause blood loss, such as worms, followed by multiple micronutrient supplements including iron, have the potential to provide relief from a large burden of anaemia.

scholarly journals Screening for malnutrition in an elderly population hospitalized at the University Hospital Center of Sidi-Bel-Abbès (West Algeria)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Norreddine MENADI ◽  
◽  
Samira MEZIANI ◽  
Mohamed ZAIRI ◽  
Fafa BOUKHATMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The University

roduction. Undernutrition is a major public health problem and has many consequences for the elderly health. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in an elderly population hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Service of the University Hospital of Sidi Bel Abbes (western Algeria). Population and methods. This was a cross-sectional study, including patients aged 65 years and older. The evaluation was based on the anthropometric parameters (body weight, height, body mass index (BMI)), serum albumin level, and the score of Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) screening. Results. The study included 129 patients, who 49.61% were females. The average age was 75.1±7.5 years. The most common disease was diabetes (51%) followed by hypertension (49%). The average stay length in the hospital was 7.3±3.4 days, and a mean drugs intake of 4.1±1.9 drugs per patient. The average BMI was 23.7±4.8 kg/m2 with an average albumin rate of 34.1±6.7 g/L. The screening tools such as BMI and serum albumin revealed respectively 26.2% and 58.9% of malnourished elderly. The score of MNA screening showed that 51.2% of patients were at risk of malnutrition and 37.2% were malnourished. Conclusion. The nutritional risk and the prevalence of malnutrition for this elderly population are significant and constitute a real public health problem.

scholarly journals HPV with genital pathogens and antibiotics resistance genes among female sex worker

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sessi Frida Appoline Tovo ◽  
Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon ◽  
Amana Metuor Dabire ◽  
Régine Ilboudo ◽  
Rahimatou Yasmine Tiemtoré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Genital Infections ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Context: Genital infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) remain a real public health problem in the world predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to determine co-infection of HPV, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG); Chlamydia trachomatis (CT); Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) among female sex workers in West Africa and to search antibiotics resistance genes. This study could serve as a support for the management of patients infected. Methods: The study took place in Ouagadougou in July 2019 and from June to July 2020. It was a cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical aims. A total of 182 samples from sex workers of West and Central African origins, were analyzed by real-time PCR and resistance genes by classical PCR after DNA extraction. Data were entered and analyzed using the IBM SPSS software in its 21 version and Epi Info 6. Tables and figures were produced using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 and Microsoft Excel 2007. Chi-square and fischer tests were used for comparisons Epi info version 7. with a significant difference for p ˂ 0.05. Results: These women, who came from nine different countries, were aged 17–50 years with an average age of 27.12 ± 6.09 years and had an average of 415.9 ± 75.2 sexual partners per year. HPV and vaginosis co-infection (NG, CT, MG and TV) was 85%. The prevalence of bacteria was: NG 13.74%, CT 11.54% and MG 11.54%. Among the HPV co-infections the most common were HPV/NG (15%), HPV/MG (12%), and HPV/CT (8%). %). The antibiotic resistance genes identified are: bla QNR B 24%, bla GES 22%, bla SHV 17%, bla CTX−M 13%; bla QNR S 1%. Conclusions: This study showed that the majority of sex workers of West and Central African origin working in Ouagadougou were infected with multiple STIs. This confirms that the presence of genital infections and STIs remains a real public health problem. The scale of these infections and the detection of associated resistance genes require increased surveillance of the molecular epidemiology of these pathogens.

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices on antibiotic resistance among undergraduate medical students in the school of medicine at the University of Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Zulu ◽  
Scott K. Matafwali ◽  
Michelo Banda ◽  
Steward Mudenda
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The University

Background: The issue of antibiotic resistance has become a global public health concern, with an extensive clinical and economic burden. The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of antibiotic resistance among undergraduate medical students at the University of Zambia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Zambia Ridgeway Campus. A structured questionnaire was administered to 260 randomly selected undergraduate medical students. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Associations between dependent and independent variables were done using a Chi-square test. The statistical significance was done at 95% confidence level (p<0.05). Ethical approval was done by the University of Zambia Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee.Results: The study found that 227 of 260 (87.3%) of the medical students had good knowledge on antibiotic use and resistance. The majority of the medical students 252 of 260 (96.9%) had positive attitudes and 195 of 260 (75%) had good practices towards antibiotic resistance. There was a significant difference between the year of study and the level of knowledge (χ2=16.333, p=0.003). There was no significant difference between the year of study and the attitude of the participants (χ2=4.061, p=0.398). A significant difference was found between the year of study and the practices of the respondents (χ2=10.926, p=0.027).Conclusions: The medical students had good knowledge, a positive attitude, and good practices towards antibiotic resistance. Final year students had higher levels of knowledge and attitude but lower levels of practice compared to other years of study.

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