scholarly journals 10.L. Workshop: City-level action to promote public health

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Specific Practice ◽  
Transportation Departments ◽  
Injury Burden

Abstract   With over 50% of the world's population living in cities, urban action on health is a foremost global priority. This workshop will highlight the essential role city governments play in developing and implementing policies and practices to prevent noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and injuries. Although traditionally perceived as the domain of national governments, actions to protect citizens from risk factors- including air quality, speeding and unsafe road conditions- that cause NCDs and injuries are readily being adopted and implemented by cities. This is due to both the magnitude of the chronic disease and injury burden and the subsequent need for immediate action, and the proximity local governments have to directly changing environments to improve health outcomes. The World Health Organization's (WHO) European Healthy Cities Network has long supported cities in the region in their efforts to put health at the centre of their social, political and economic agendas. This work has been formative in drawing attention to the role of cities. The presentations in this panel will provide specific practice examples of the principles upheld by that network. The workshop will present a diverse set of case studies illuminating city responses to NCDs and injuries, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. By doing so, the discussion will demonstrate the value of what empowered, committed and well-resourced local governments - specifically Health and Transportation Departments - can do to reduce death and disability in urban settings. Showcasing these examples will also provide workshop participants with practical examples of how policy and practice are translated from the global and national to the local level in a variety of geographical settings, and the different ways in which context has been taken into account during implementation. The result will be an exchange of good practices that will hopefully spur other cities and relevant stakeholders to pursue similar interventions in their own municipalities. Key messages City-level action can effectively address leading risk factors to health. Exchanging learnings from city experiences can lead to replication and adaptation in other cities.

scholarly journals Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes and associated risk factors: Evidence from the large-scale surveys in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 028-036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saddaf Akhtar ◽  
Preeti Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Context: India has observed the most devastating increases in the burden of diabetes in the contemporary era. However, so far, the comparable prevalence of diabetes is only available for limited geography. Aims: The present paper provides comparable estimates of diabetes prevalence in states and districts of India and examines the associated risk factors with newly diagnosed and self-reported diabetes. Setting and Design: The study uses clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical data from District Level Household and Facility Survey (2012–2013) and Annual Health Survey (2014). Subjects and Methods: The paper analyses the information on glucose level of the blood sample and defines diabetes as per the World Health Organization (1999) criteria. It applies multinomial logistic regression to identify the risk factors of diabetes. Results: The study estimates 7% adults with diabetes in India, with a higher level in urban (9.8%) than in the rural area (5.7%), a higher proportion of males (7.1%) than females (6.8%). Widowed, older persons, and persons with high blood pressure have very high risk of both diagnosed and self-reported diabetes. Comparing to Hindus, Muslims and Christians have higher, and Sikhs have less risk of diabetes. Further, corresponding to general caste, scheduled castes, and other backward classes have a high risk of newly diagnosed but the lower risk of self-reported diabetes. Conclusions: The list of districts and states with alarming diabetes prevalence is the valuable information for further programs and research. A significant population with undiagnosed diabetes reflects an urgent need to strengthen the diagnostics at the local level and for those who need them most.

scholarly journals Development of a Local Health-Enhancing Physical Activity Policy Analysis Tool in France: CAPLA-Santé

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483992091646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Noël Racine ◽  
Aurélie Van Hoye ◽  
Amandine Baron ◽  
Flore Lecomte ◽  
Jean-Marie Garbarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
World Health ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Health Enhancing Physical Activity

The promotion of health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) has become a key objective in public health policy. Therefore, based on the national HEPA Policy Audit Tool Version 2 (HEPA PAT v2) of the World Health Organization, a tool was designed to support local governments in assessing HEPA policies. This study aims to describe the adaptation and testing of the HEPA policy analysis tool (CAPLA-Santé) at the local level in France. The work was conducted in three stages: (1) an intersectoral group of experts was constituted, and the group adapted each item of the HEPA PAT v2 tool to the local level; (2) a testing phase with seven local governments helped to collect data and feedback on the tool; and (3) a final workshop was organized to adjust and finalize the tool. The final version of CAPLA-Santé contains 21 items divided into six major sections: overview of HEPA stakeholders in the local government area, policy documents, policy contents, funding and political engagement, studies and measures relating to physical activity in the local government area, and progress achieved and future challenges. CAPLA-Santé allows the collection and in-depth analysis of local level policies to assess the progress in promoting HEPA and intersectoral collaboration as well as identifying successful policy levers and remaining challenges.

The Role of the Dental Team in the Prevention of Systemic Disease: The Importance of considering Oral Health as part of Overall Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Zehra Yonel ◽  
Praveen Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Health ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Shared Risk

The global burden of non-communicable disease (NCD) is significant and the World Health Organization highlighted tackling non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as a key strategic objective in their 'Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases, 2013–2020’. Dental teams see a large proportion of the UK population at regular intervals, including when patients deem themselves to be in good dental health. Given that many NCDs have shared risk factors, often behavioural with implications for oral and general health, dental teams are ideally placed to provide preventative advice for diseases beyond the oral environment. This article aims to assess the key risk factors for NCDs and oral diseases as well as assess the potential for dental care professionals (DCPs) to provide patients with general health advice based on their individual risk factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in an indigenous community in Santiago Atitlán, Guatemala

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Luna ◽  
David Chen ◽  
Álvaro Rivera-Andrade ◽  
Jessica González ◽  
David Burt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective. To describe the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors and assess knowledge of those risk factors in the indigenous community of Santiago Atitlán in Guatemala, a lower-middle income country. Methods. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using a modified version of the World Health Organization’s STEPS protocol. Adults aged 20–65 years were surveyed regarding demographics and NCD risk factors, and the survey was followed by anthropometric and biochemical measurements. Results. Out of 501 screened individuals, 350 respondents were enrolled. The mean age was 36.7 years, and 72.3% were women. Over 90% reported earning less than US$ 65 per month. Almost 80% were stunted. Among women, 37.3% were obese and over three-quarters had central obesity. Over three-quarters of the entire group had dyslipidemia and 18.3% had hypertension, but only 3.0% had diabetes. Overall, 36.0% of participants met criteria for metabolic syndrome. There was no significant association between participants’ education and NCD risk factors except for an inverse association with obesity by percent body fat. Conclusions. Santiago Atitlán is a rural, indigenous Guatemalan community with high rates of poverty and stunting coexisting alongside high rates of obesity, particularly among women. Additionally, high rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia were found, but a low rate of diabetes mellitus. Knowledge of NCDs and their risk factors was low, suggesting that educational interventions may be a high-yield, low-cost approach to combating NCDs in this community.

scholarly journals Profile of Capacity and Response to Noncommunicable Diseases and Their Risk Factors in the Region of the Americas: Country Capacity Survey Results, 2017

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death in the Americas, accounting for 81% of all deaths in the Region in 2016. Of the estimated 5.5 million NCD-related annual deaths, 39% of these are premature deaths (occurring between the ages of 30–70) and are largely a result of the four main NCDs: cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases. NCDs and related premature deaths can be significantly reduced through government policies that prevent, treat, and control these diseases. To monitor countries’ capacities to address NCDs, including progress and trends over time, various tools are implemented, including the World Health Organization Country Capacity Survey (WHO-CCS). The survey captures information related to NCD infrastructure, policies, surveillance, and health systems. Conducted in 2001, 2005, 2010, 2013, and in 2017, this 6th edition of the CCS incorporates new validation processes to verify country responses through the submission of official policy documents and a data comparison to global health databases. These protocols were introduced to enhance data quality and provide an accurate reflection of the country capacity to combat NCDs. It is important to recognize that for the first time in the Americas, 100% of the Member States (35 countries) and 76% of the Associate Members and Participating States (13 of 17 countries) completed the survey. As such, the 2017 CCS provides a comprehensive assessment of the entire Region and demonstrates the political commitment of the Americas to reduce the burden of NCDs. This report presents results of the 2017 CCS and offers an updated review of progress in the Region of the Americas including gaps and recommendations for improvement to strengthen countries’ capacities to address NCDs and their risk factors. While advancements have been made, without an acceleration of commitments and significant investments, it is anticipated that some countries in the Americas will not meet their global targets.

scholarly journals Polypathy: searching for etiopathogenetic risks factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
A. V. Fus ◽  
G. I. Podolinny
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Connective Tissue Dysplasia ◽  
Risks Factors ◽  
Health Organization

The article provides an overview of the literature on the actual problem of diseases - polypathy. The review focuses problematic aspects of comorbid states, the scatter of their definitions, the incidence in different countries according to the international scientific community, the frequency of use of comorbid indices, the influence of racial and ethnicity in polypathies, risk factors for the development of combined diseases both at the level of an individuals genes and aspects of a persons lifestyle and the environment, options for their pathogenetic development with examples of nodal chains and their effects (nodules), examples of countries with modified risk factors to reduce mortality according to the approved action plan World Health Organization for the Prevention of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases. The review focuses on factors contributing to the development of polypathy, in particular connective tissue dysplasia. The problems of diagnosing the external signs of connective tissue dysplasia in comorbid patients according to accepted diagnostic criteria and the frequency of their occurrence abroad and in Russia. An analogy is drawn between the concept of cardiovascular continuum and the development of polypathy in the patients body with connective tissue dysplasia of varying severity. There is analyzed the experience of treating patients with comorbid pathology of both the international scientific society of comorbidity (2010) and the Russian recommendations on comorbidity (2016). There is raised the development of COVID-19 in different patients with polypathy in China and other countries.

Serum Retinol and β-carotene Levels and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Morbid Obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Villaça Chaves ◽  
Gisele Gonçalves de Souza ◽  
Andréa Cardoso de Matos ◽  
Dra. Wilza Abrantes Peres ◽  
Silvia Elaine Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
World Health ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Β Carotene

Objective: To evaluate retinol and β-carotene serum levels and their relationship with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in individuals with morbid obesity, resident in Rio de Janeiro. Methodology: Blood serum concentrations of retinol and β-carotene of 189 morbidly obese individuals were assessed. The metabolic syndrome was identified according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and World Health Organization (WHO). Lipid profile, insulin resistance, basal insulin, glycemia, blood pressure, and anthropometry and their correlation with retinol and β-carotene serum levels were evaluated. Results: Metabolic syndrome diagnosis was observed in 49.0% of the sample. Within this percentage the levels of β-carotene were significantly lower when body mass index increased. Serum retinol didn't show this behavior. Serum retinol inadequacy in patients with metabolic syndrome (61.3%), according to WHO criterion, was higher (15.8%) than when the whole sample was considered (12.7%). When metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by NCEP criterion, β-carotene inadequacy was higher (42.8%) when compared to the total sample (37.5%). There was a significant difference between average β-carotene values of patients with and without metabolic syndrome (p=0.048) according to the classification of the NCEP. Lower values were found in patients with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Considering the vitamin A contribution in antioxidant protection, especially when risk factors for cardiovascular disease are present, it is suggested that great attention be given to morbidly obese. This could aid in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, which affects a significant part of the population.

Spatial and Institutional Analysis of the Voivodships Expenditure on Culture in the Years 2003 – 2015

e-Finanse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Adam Mateusz Suchecki
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
National Heritage

AbstractFollowing the completion of the process of decentralisation of public administration in Poland in 2003, a number of tasks implemented previously by the state authorities were transferred to the local level. One of the most significant changes to the financing and management methods of the local authorities was the transfer of tasks related to culture and national heritage to the set of tasks implemented by local governments. As a result of the decentralisation process, the local government units in Poland were given significant autonomy in determining the purposes of their budgetary expenditures on culture. At the same time, they were obliged to cover these expenses from their own revenues.This paper focuses on the analysis of expenditures on culture covered by the voivodship budgets, taking into consideration the structure of cultural institutions by their types, between 2003-2015. The location quotient (LQ) was applied to two selected years (2006 and 2015) to illustrate the diversity of expenditures on culture in individual voivodships.

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