Breaking Sedentary Time Predicts Future Frailty in Inactive Older Adults: A Cross-Lagged Panel Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asier Mañas ◽  
Borja del Pozo-Cruz ◽  
Irene Rodríguez-Gómez ◽  
José Losa-Reyna ◽  
Pedro B Júdice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Significant Pathway ◽  
Breaks In Sedentary Time ◽  
Physically Inactive

Abstract Background Cross-sectional evidence exists on the beneficial effects of breaks in sedentary time (BST) on frailty in older adults. Nonetheless, the longitudinal nature of these associations is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the direction and temporal order of the association between accelerometer-derived BST and frailty over time in older adults. Methods This longitudinal study analyzed a total of 186 older adults aged 67–90 (76.7 ± 3.9 years; 52.7% females) from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging over a 4-year period. Number of daily BST was measured by accelerometry. Frailty was assessed with the Frailty Trait Scale. Multiple cross-lagged panel models were used to test the temporal and reciprocal relationship between BST and frailty. Results For those physically inactive (n = 126), our analyses revealed a reciprocal inverse relationship between BST and frailty, such as higher initial BST predicted lower levels of later frailty (standardized regression coefficient [β] = −0.150, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.281, −0.018; p < .05); as well as initial lower frailty levels predicted higher future BST (β = −0.161, 95% CI = −0.310, −0.011; p < .05). Conversely, no significant pathway was found in the active participants (n = 60). Conclusions In physically inactive older adults, the relationship between BST and frailty is bidirectional, while in active individuals no associations were found. This investigation provides preliminary longitudinal evidence that breaking-up sedentary time more often reduces frailty in those older adults who do not meet physical activity recommendations. Targeting frequent BST may bring a feasible approach to decrease the burden of frailty among more at-risk inactive older adults.

scholarly journals Associations of breaks in sedentary time with abdominal obesity in Portuguese older adults

AGE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro B. Júdice ◽  
Analiza M. Silva ◽  
Diana A. Santos ◽  
Fátima Baptista ◽  
Luís B. Sardinha
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Breaks In Sedentary Time

scholarly journals Leisure-time physical activity among older adults in Brazil: results from the Brazilian National Health Survey – 2013

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítor Häfele ◽  
César Augusto Häfele ◽  
Jeferson Santos Jerônimo ◽  
Rodrigo Wiltgen Ferreira ◽  
Steve Anthony Maravillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Activity Recommendations

Introduction: Health behaviors are fundamental for healthy aging. In this sense, the practice of physical activity is one of the most beneficial factors for the health of individuals. Objective: To describe the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity among the older adults and analyze in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, national regions, Federative Units of Brazil, and types of physical activity practiced. Methods: Study utilizing data from the Brazilian National Health Survey - 2013. Leisure-time physical activity was analyzed with two distinct cutoff points: 1) Some physical activity - 10 or more minutes/week; 2) Meeting recommended 150 minutes/week of physical activity. Results: Nearly 21% of the older adults completed some physical activity, and 13.2% reached the physical activity recommendations. There was no difference in the prevalence of physical activity between men and women. Individuals aged 60-69 years and those with higher income were more active than their peers. As for the national regions, the North had the lowest prevalence of physically active older adults. Among all regions, walking was the most frequent form of physical activity practiced. Conclusion: The prevalence of older adults who practiced some physical activity and reached the physical activity recommendations was low, with walking being the most common form of physical activity. Older adults with higher age, low socioeconomic status and from the Northern Brazilian regions were the least active.

Emotional Functioning and Sense of Hope as Contributors to Healthy Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Amiya Waldman-Levi ◽  
Asnat Bar-Haim Erez ◽  
Noomi Katz ◽  
Jeanine M. Stancanelli
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Individual

Cognitive and physical factors affect participation in later life. It is imperative to explore the contribution of emotional factors on older adults’ participation and wellbeing. Seventy-eight older adults were recruited for this cross-sectional study and grouped based on their level of independence. Emotional functioning, hope, cognition, participation, and wellbeing were measured. Analyses of variance, correlational analysis, and prediction models were employed. Significant differences were found between independent and dependent older adults’ participation and wellbeing, F(2, 72) = 12.71, p < .00, η2 = .26. Independent older adults’ participation was predicted by cognition, β = 0.40, and hope, β = 0.58. Wellbeing was predicted by cognition, β = 0.39, emotional status, β = −0.46, and hope, β = 0.36. Dependent older adults’ wellbeing was predicted by emotional status, β = −0.68, and hope, β = 0.32. Occupational therapists play a key role in promoting healthy aging by incorporating psychosocial factors at the individual, community, and societal levels.

Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Cognition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Etnier
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range

There is substantial interest in identifying the behavioral means by which to improve cognitive performance. Recent research and commercial ventures have focused on cognitive training interventions, but evidence suggests that the effects of these programs are small and task-specific. Researchers have also shown interest in exploring the potential benefits of physical activity for cognitive performance. Because the effects of physical activity have been found to be small to moderate and to be more global in nature, interest in physical activity has been growing over the past several decades. Evidence regarding the efficacy of physical activity is provided through cross-sectional studies, longitudinal prospective studies, and randomized controlled trials. When reviewed meta-analytically, small-to-moderate beneficial effects are reported for children, adults, older adults, and cognitively impaired older adults, and these effects are evident for a wide range of cognitive domains, including executive function, memory, and information processing. Researchers are currently focused on identifying the mechanisms of these effects. Most of this research has been conducted using animal models, but there is a growing body of literature with humans. From this evidence, there is support for the role of changes in cerebral structure, hippocampal perfusion, and growth factors in explaining the observed benefits. Thus far, however, the literature is quite sparse, and future research is needed to clarify our understanding of the mechanisms that provide the causal link between physical activity and cognitive performance. Research is also focused on understanding how to increase the benefits by potentially combining cognitive training with physical activity and by identifying the genetic moderators of the effects. These lines of work are designed to elucidate ways of increasing the magnitude of the benefits that can be obtained. At this point in time, the evidence with respect to the potential of physical activity for benefiting cognitive performance is quite promising, but it is critical that funding agencies commit their support to the continued exploration necessary to allow us to ultimately be able to prescribe physical activity to specific individuals with the express purpose of improving cognition.

scholarly journals Everyday Walking Among Older Adults and the Neighborhood Built Environment: A Comparison Between Two Cities in North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Herbolsheimer ◽  
Atiya Mahmood ◽  
Yvonne L. Michael ◽  
Habib Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Metro Vancouver ◽  
Walkable Neighborhood ◽  
Neighborhood Built Environment

A walkable neighborhood becomes particularly important for older adults for whom physical activity and active transportation are critical for healthy aging-in-place. For many older adults, regular walking takes place in the neighborhood and is the primary mode of mobility. This study took place in eight neighborhoods in Metro Portland (USA) and Metro Vancouver (Canada), examining older adults' walking behavior and neighborhood built environmental features. Older adults reported walking for recreation and transport in a cross-sectional telephone survey. Information on physical activity was combined with audits of 355 street segments using the Senior Walking Environmental Audit Tool-Revised (SWEAT-R). Multi-level regression models examined the relationship between built environmental characteristics and walking for transport or recreation. Older adults [N = 434, mean age: 71.6 (SD = 8.1)] walked more for transport in high-density neighborhoods and in Metro Vancouver compared to Metro Portland (M = 12.8 vs. M = 2.2 min/day; p &lt; 0.001). No relationship was found between population density and walking for recreation. Older adults spent more time walking for transport if pedestrian crossing were present (p = 0.037) and if parks or outdoor fitness amenities were available (p = 0.022). The immediate neighborhood built environment supports walking for transport in older adults. Comparing two similar metropolitan areas highlighted that high population density is necessary, yet not a sufficient condition for walking in the neighborhood.

scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME IN OLDER ADULTS WITH OBESITY

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
F. Xu ◽  
S.A. Cohen ◽  
I.E. Lofgren ◽  
G.W. Greene ◽  
M.J. Delmonico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Activity Recommendations

Background: Physical activity reduces the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the association between different physical activity levels and MetS remains unclear in older adults with obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study used four waves of data (2007-2008, 2009-2010, 2011-2012, 2013-2014) from two datasets: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and United Sates Department of Agriculture’s Food Patterns Equivalents Database. The sample included adults 60+ years of age (n= 613) with obesity who had physical activity and MetS data. Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and categorized into three physical activity levels (low, medium, and high); and medium or high physical activity levels are aligned with or exceed current physical activity recommendations. Participants were classified as having MetS using a commonly agreed upon definition. Multiple logistic regression models examined the association between the three physical activity levels and MetS risk factors and MetS. All analyses adjusted for potential confounding variables and accounted for complex sampling. Results: Of 613 respondents, 72.1% (n=431) were classified as having MetS, and 44.3% (n = 263) had not met physical activity recommendations. Participants with high levels of physical activity had a lower risk of MetS (OR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.72) and more healthful levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.18, 0.84), blood pressure (OR = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.20, 0.77), fasting glucose (OR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.78) than participants categorized as having low physical activity. Conclusions: Physical activity is associated with lower risk of MetS only for participants with the highest level of physical activity, which suggests that physical activity dosage is important to reduce MetS risk in older adults with obesity.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition in A Sample of Dutch Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results from Two Online Screening Tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos W. Borkent ◽  
Elke Naumann ◽  
Emmelyne Vasse ◽  
Ellen van der Heijden ◽  
Marian A. E. de van der Schueren
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
General Information ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Screen Ii

To stimulate undernutrition screening among Dutch community-dwelling adults, a website was developed with general information on healthy eating for healthy aging and self-tests. Based on cross-sectional data obtained from the self-tests, we studied nutritional risk factors (early determinants) as well as risk of undernutrition (late symptoms). SCREEN II (n = 2470) was used to asses nutritional risk factors. This tool consists of 16 items regarding nutritional intake, perception of body weight, appetite, oral health and meal preparation. An adjusted SNAQ65+ (n = 687) was used to assess risk of undernutrition. This four-item tool contains questions on weight loss, appetite, walking stairs and body mass index. Differences between age-groups (65–74, 75–84, ≥85) were tested by logistic regression. Overall prevalence of nutritional risk factors was 84.1%, and increased risk of undernutrition was 56.8%. Participants aged ≥85 scored worst on almost all items of the SCREEN II and the SNAQ65+. In conclusion: A large proportion of older adults reported early determinants for increased nutrition risk, while a smaller, yet remarkable proportion scored positive on undernutrition risk. Internet screening may be a useful, contemporary, and easy, accessible way to reach older adults who are at nutritional risk and may thus contribute to early identification and prevention of undernutrition.

scholarly journals Nutritional Care for older adults in Primary Health Care, from the perspective of health professionals

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Lou de Melo ◽  
Maria Angélica Tavares de Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Care ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Theoretical Saturation

Abstract Objective: to characterize and analyze Nutritional Care (NC) for older adults in Primary Health Care (PHC), identifying how food and nutrition actions (F&N) were performed and the conceptions that guided them. Methods: a cross-sectional, quantitative and qualitative study was performed in PHC in Santos, São Paulo, Brazil, in two phases: i) a census study was carried out of health units, N=28 (100%), with managers who answered a structured interview to assess NC; followed by descriptive analysis. ii) a deeper investigation of this diagnosis was performed, using semi-structured interviews with key informants (interviewees) of care for older adults; being a nutritionist was not a criteria, as there were only three such professionals throughout the entire PHC, and one of the health regions studied was not served by a nutrition professional. The concept of theoretical saturation was used for the sampling plan; content analysis was carried out and the inferences were supported by references of integrality and aging. Results: NC for older adults was highlighted by individual care, predominant in all the services studied (28) (100%); nutritionists participated in this activity in just nine units (32.1%). Theoretical saturation was achieved with nine interviews. According to the discourse analysis, F&N actions were generic, focused on the treatment of diseases, influenced by negative aspects attributed to aging, there was no planning based on the needs of the territory, and health professionals identified themselves as information transmitters, leaving the responsibility of acting on such information to the older adults themselves. Conclusion: F&N actions were guided by the biomedical paradigm, fragmented, restricted to disease management, imputing the responsibility for health to the individual themselves. Thus, NC distanced itself from the promotion of healthy aging, weakening its strategic role in the quest for integrated care.

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