Mediterranean diet and changes in frequency, severity and localization of pain in older adults: The Seniors-ENRICA cohorts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Ortolá ◽  
Esther García-Esquinas ◽  
Mercedes Sotos-Prieto ◽  
Ellen A Struijk ◽  
Francisco Félix Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Background Although some components of the Mediterranean diet have shown benefits in pain risk through its anti-inflammatory/antioxidant properties, no population-based studies have investigated the effect of adherence to this diet on changes in pain over time. Methods We used data from 864 and 862 older adults recruited in the Seniors-ENRICA-1 and Seniors-ENRICA-2 cohorts and followed-up for 2.8 and 2.4 years, respectively. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the MEDAS score at baseline. Frequency, severity and locations of pain obtained at baseline and follow-up were used to compute a pain scale. Analyses were performed using multinomial logistic regression models, and adjusted for the main confounders. Results Participants had a mean (SD) age of 71.5 (5.1) years, 36.8% were men and 78.3% had chronic conditions. In the pooled cohorts, compared with participants in the lowest quartile of the MEDAS score (lowest adherence to the Mediterranean diet), those in the highest quartile showed a higher frequency of pain improvement versus worsening (relative risk ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.43 [1.03,1.99]). This association was also evidenced in two components of the pain scale: improvement in pain severity (1.43 [1.01,2.04]) and reduction in pain locations (1.54 [1.08,2.20]), but a tendency to pain frequency improvement (1.34 [0.92,1.93]) was also observed. The main contributors to these associations were high consumption of fruit and vegetables, and low consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Conclusions A higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was related to a subsequent improvement in pain characteristics in older adults, suggesting that improving diet quality may help reduce the high health impact of pain.

scholarly journals Favorite Activity Patterns Among Older Adults With and Without Dementia: Findings From the NHATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 293-293
Author(s):  
Tianxue Hou ◽  
Minhui Liu ◽  
Christina E Miyawaki ◽  
Yuxiao Li ◽  
Xiaocao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Dementia Screening ◽  
Screening Interview ◽  
Watching Tv ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Favorite activities are usually meaningful and valuable to older adults. However, information on favorite activity patterns and their relationship with cognitive function from large samples is still limited. Using Round 1 data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, we examined favorite activity patterns among community-dwelling older adults with and without dementia (N=6,565). Based on the 8-item Ascertain Dementia (AD8) dementia screening interview, participants were classified into no dementia, possible dementia, and probable dementia. Favorite activity was assessed by asking participants, “What their favorite activity they are currently able to do?” Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the association between each of the top three favorite activities and the cognitive impairment categories, controlling for demographics and general health. The sample was on average, 77±7.45 years old, non-Hispanic White (69.8%), female (57.3%), and 35.0% had high school education. The three most popular favorite activities among probable dementia participants were watching TV, walking, and outdoor maintenance. Participants who liked watching TV most were more likely associated with possible dementia (Relative Risk Ratio [RRR] = 1.49, p=0.044) compared to participants without favorite activities. Participants who liked walking most were less associated with possible dementia (RRR=0.58, p=0.003) and probable dementia (RRR=0.39, p<0.001) compared to those without favorite activities. Similarly, participants who liked outdoor maintenance most were less likely to develop possible dementia (RRR=0.48, p<0.001) and probable dementia (RRR=0.27, p<0.001) than participants without favorite activities. Researchers may use older adults’ “active” favorite activities to create tailored interventions to slow dementia progression.

Polygenic risk for schizophrenia and neighbourhood characteristics at birth: findings from a UK longitudinal birth cohort

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Solmi ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Stanley Zammit ◽  
James Bowes Kirkbride
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Deprived Neighbourhoods ◽  
Neighbourhood Characteristics

Background: Being born in more urban, deprived and socially fragmented neighbourhoods is associated with increased schizophrenia risk. It remains unclear whether this association is causal, or arises due to genetic confounding, possibly via inter-generational social drift of those at greater schizophrenia risk over time. We investigated whether children with greater polygenic risk scores (PRS) for schizophrenia were more likely to be born in more disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Method: Using geocoded data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, standardised PRS for schizophrenia and multinomial logistic regression models, we investigated the association between greater PRS and tertiles of neighbourhood population density, deprivation, inequality and social fragmentation at birth. Results: A total of 6,374 children had data available on neighbourhood characteristics at birth and PRS. A one standard deviation increase in PRS was associated with greater risk of being born in the most deprived neighbourhoods (third tertile relative risk ratio (RRR): 1.07, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 95%CI: 1.00 – 1.14, p=0.04) and in more socially fragmented neighbourhoods (second tertile RRR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.01 – 1.14 p=0.02; third tertile: RRR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05 – 1.20, p<0.0001). We did not observe any other associations.Conclusions: In this population-based cohort of children in southwest England, those born in more deprived and socially fragmented, but not densely populated neighbourhoods were at greater polygenic risk for schizophrenia. These findings only partially support intergenerational drift as a possible explanation of higher schizophrenia rates in urban areas, and are in line with a multifactorial aetiology of schizophrenia.

Impact of Diabetes and Disease Duration on Work Status Among U.S. Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Mutambudzi ◽  
Cesar Gonzalez Gonzalez ◽  
Rebecca Wong
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Workplace Interventions ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Retirement Study

Objectives: To examine the effects of diabetes and disease duration on work status over a 9-year period. Method: Multinomial logistic regression models examined the probability of retirement and disability impeding work, using data from the Health and Retirement Study ( n = 5,576). Results: Among participants who had retired in 2012, almost 14% had incident diabetes (4.91 mean years with diabetes, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [4.67, 5.15]). Approximately 22% of participants who reported a disability impeded labor force participation had prevalent diabetes (17.1 mean years with diabetes, 95%CI = [16.41, 17.71]). Only prevalent diabetes that indicated longer disease duration was associated with disability (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.83, 95% CI = [1.30, 2.57]). There was evidence of effect modification among Hispanics only ( p = .02). Discussion: Diabetes increased risk of exiting the workforce due to disability, and mean disease duration was associated with changes. Disease management and workplace interventions may enable older adults to continue being productive should they choose to remain in the workforce.

scholarly journals Self-Perceived Physical Activity and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Healthy Adolescents during COVID-19: Findings from the DIMENU Pilot Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Angelo Galluccio ◽  
Giovanna Caparello ◽  
Ennio Avolio ◽  
Emanuele Manes ◽  
Simona Ferraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Wellness Programs ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The Self ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Adherence ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

The global pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) resulted in restrictions which forced adolescents to stay at home and influenced their food habits and lifestyles with potential negative health impact. This study aims to investigate the self-reported physical activity (PA) and eating habits related to the consumption of Mediterranean foods in a sample of adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown enrolled into the DIMENU study. A web survey was launched for 91 adolescents (aged 15–17 years) to assess their adherence to the Mediterranean Diet using the KIDMED test and lifestyle habits using a questionnaire designed following recommendations by Italian National Institute of Health (ISS score). Our results indicate that most of the sample declared no changes in eating habits and PA without sex differences. After dividing the sample into active and sedentary groups based on the self-perceived PA, we found that KIDMED and ISS scores were significantly higher (p = 0.0028 and p = 0.0001, respectively) in active adolescents. Moreover, KIDMED was positively correlated with ISS only in active adolescents (r = 0.311, p = 0.0185). In conclusion, our data underline the impact of the PA on the Mediterranean diet adherence in adolescents during the lockdown, suggesting the usefulness of promoting wellness programs directed towards inactive individuals to increase their awareness on the importance of healthy lifestyles.

Mediterranean diet and oxidative stress

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Górska ◽  
Ilona Górna ◽  
Juliusz Przysławski
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
The Mediterranean

Purpose This study aims to analyze the antioxidant properties of the Mediterranean diet and describe methods that are used in clinical studies to assess its role in reducing oxidative stress. Design/methodology/approach The review presents the results of interventional and observational clinical trials aimed at assessing the influence of the Mediterranean diet on the level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as the total blood antioxidant capacity. Findings The Mediterranean diet as a varied diet can be a better way to provide antioxidants to the body than supplements. Individual compounds administered in an isolated form can give the opposite effect to the expected, stimulating oxidative stress. The administration of antioxidants in the form of supplements instead of a varied diet is also associated with a lack of synergism of action. In studies on the importance of the Mediterranean diet in the reduction of oxidative stress, single markers are used to measure oxidative damage, the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and the concentration of individual non-enzymatic antioxidants. At the same time, the need to find markers that would assess the level of oxidative stress and the body’s antioxidant capacity more comprehensively is emphasized. Practical implications It should be taken into account that differences between in vivo and in vitro results may result from the fact of various factors, including genetic, smoking, intestinal microflora or diet composition. It is also necessary to answer the question about which marker or set of markers could in the most comprehensive way to assess the level of oxidative stress and the body’s antioxidant capacity. Originality/value The literature review shows not only the source of antioxidants in the Mediterranean diet. This paper also presents a critical approach to markers that allow the assessment of the antioxidant properties of the diet.

Cardiovascular health and near visual impairment among older adults in the Republic of Congo: a population-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Gbessemehlan ◽  
Catherine Helmer ◽  
Cécile Delcourt ◽  
Farid Boumediene ◽  
Bébène Ndamba-Bandzouzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Visual impairment (VI) and determinants of poor cardiovascular health are very common in sub-Saharan Africa. However, we do not know whether these determinants are associated to VI among older adults in this region. This study aimed at investigating the association between the determinants of poor cardiovascular health and near VI among older adults living in Congo. Methods Participants were Congolese older adults aged ≥ 65 years included in EPIDEMCA-FU (Epidemiology of Dementia in Central Africa - Follow-up) population-based cohort. Near VI was defined as visual acuity < 20/40 measured at 30 cm. Associations between determinants of poor cardiovascular health collected at baseline and near visual acuity measured at 1 st follow-up were investigated using multivariable logistic regression models. Results Among the 549 participants included, 378 (68.8% [95% Confidence Interval: 64.9%-72.7%]) had near VI. Of the determinants of poor cardiovascular health explored, we found that having high BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 (Odds Ratio= 2.15 [95% CI: 1.25–3.68]), diabetes (OR=2.12 [95% CI: 1.06–4.25]) and hypertension (OR=1.65 [95% CI: 1.02–2.64]) were independently associated with near VI. Conclusions Several determinants of poor cardiovascular health were associated to near VI in this population. This study suggests that promoting a good cardiovascular health could represent a target for VI prevention among older adults.

scholarly journals Is there an association between ageist attitudes and frailty?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Salguero ◽  
Juliana Ferri-Guerra ◽  
Nadeem Y. Mohammed ◽  
Dhanya Baskaran ◽  
Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Frailty Status

Abstract Background Frailty is defined as a state of vulnerability to stressors that is associated with higher morbidity, mortality and healthcare utilization in older adults. Ageism is “a process of systematic stereotyping and discrimination against people because they are old.” Explicit biases involve deliberate or conscious controls, while implicit bias involve unconscious processes. Multiple studies show that self-directed ageism is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether explicit ageist attitudes are associated with frailty in Veterans. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of Veterans 50 years and older who completed the Kogan’s Attitudes towards Older People Scale (KAOP) scale to assess explicit ageist attitudes and the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to evaluate implicit ageist attitudes from July 2014 through April 2015. We constructed a frailty index (FI) of 44 variables (demographics, comorbidities, number of medications, laboratory tests, and activities of daily living) that was retrospectively applied to the time of completion of the KAOP and IAT. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by multinomial logistic regression models with frailty status (robust, prefrail and frail) as the outcome variable, and with KAOP and IAT scores as the independent variables. Age, race, ethnicity, median household income and comorbidities were considered as covariates. Results Patients were 89.76% male, 48.03% White, 87.93% non-Hispanic and the mean age was 60.51 (SD = 7.16) years. The proportion of robust, pre-frail and frail patients was 11.02% (n = 42), 59.58% (n = 227) and 29.40% (n = 112) respectively. The KAOP was completed by 381 and the IAT by 339 participants. In multinomial logistic regression, neither explicit ageist attitudes (KAOP scale score) nor implicit ageist attitudes (IAT) were associated with frailty in community dwelling Veterans after adjusting for covariates: OR = .98 (95% CI = .95–1.01), p = .221, and OR:=.97 (95% CI = .37–2.53), p = .950 respectively. Conclusions This study shows that neither explicit nor implicit ageist attitudes were associated with frailty in community dwelling Veterans. Further longitudinal and larger studies with more diverse samples and measured with other ageism scales should evaluate the independent contribution of ageist attitudes to frailty in older adults.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study on Prenatal Levels of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: Maternal Profile and Effects on the Newborn

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Peraita-Costa ◽  
Agustín Llopis-González ◽  
Alfredo Perales-Marín ◽  
Ferran Sanz ◽  
Agustín Llopis-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Folic Acid Supplements ◽  
The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a dietary pattern with important benefits. The objectives of this study were to assess the adherence to the MD among pregnant women in Valencia (Spain) and characterize the pregnant women according to their level of adherence. Finally, we aimed to examine the role of MD adherence during pregnancy in the anthropometric development of the newborn. The study included 492 pregnant women who were followed at La Fe Hospital in 2017. The self-administered “Kidmed” questionnaire for data collection on dietary information evaluation was used and a clinical history review of mothers and newborns was performed. Two groups of mothers were identified: those with low adherence (LA) and optimal adherence (OA). The study revealed that 40.2% of the women showed LA to the MD. The newborns born to these women presented a higher risk of being small for gestational age (SGA) {adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–5.46} when adjusting for parental body mass index (BMI) and multiple gestation, but not when adjusting for all significant possible confounders (aOR = 2.32; 95% CI 0.69–7.78). The association between MD and SGA was not significantly affected by the use of iron and folic acid supplements (aOR = 2.65; 95% CI 0.66–10.65). The profile of the pregnant woman with LA is that of a young smoker, with a low level of education and a low daily intake of dairy products. These results suggest that LA to the MD is not associated with a higher risk of giving birth to a SGA newborn.

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