scholarly journals Vaccination in Older Adults: The Who and What

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 806-806
Author(s):  
Leonard Friedland
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vaccine Recommendations ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Aging brings increased impact of infectious disease in terms of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. This increased susceptibility to infection results from immunosenescence, age-related changes in the immune system, anatomic and functional changes, and environmental exposure to infections. Adults age 65 and over are at increased risk of pertussis, shingles, influenza and pneumococcal disease, and evidence-based recommendations for vaccination are protect older adults against these diseases. Underlying medical conditions including end stage renal disease, chronic lung, heart and liver disease, diabetes and immunocompromised place adults age 65 and over at increased risk of infectious diseases, therefore evidence-based vaccine recommendations in older adults with additional risk factors are in place to protect against varicella, hepatitis A and B, meningococcal meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Investigational vaccines are developed to protect against infectious diseases causing significant morbidity and mortality in older adults, for example, respiratory syncytial virus, to further promote healthy aging. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Health Behavior Change Interest Group.

scholarly journals Vaccination to Promote Healthy Aging: The Five Ws

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 806-806
Author(s):  
Leonard Friedland ◽  
Leonard Friedland
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract This symposium addresses the role of vaccination to promote healthy aging and the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables wellbeing in older age. Adults age 65 and over are at increased risk of certain infectious diseases due to immunosenescence. Therefore, immunization of older adults against targeted infectious diseases, including pertussis, shingles, influenza, and pneumococcal disease, can help to reduce morbidity and premature mortality. Vaccines in development to protect against additional infectious diseases causing significant morbidity and mortality in older adults, such as respiratory syncytial virus, can further promote healthy aging. The population of older adults in the US is projected to grow significantly over the next 30 years, with a corresponding increase in the incidence and economic costs of vaccine-preventable diseases. Immunization of older adults is a proven, cost-effective strategy that is critical for reducing the public health impact and societal costs in an aging US population. Implementation of evidence-based recommended vaccines for older adults presents challenges, including financial barriers, addressing disparities and inequities in health care delivery for older adults, and overcoming vaccine hesitancy. We plan to review these topics and present data we have generated to support the value of vaccination in adults age 65 and over. Health Behavior Change Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.

HIV is associated with an increased risk of age-related clonal hematopoiesis among older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nila J. Dharan ◽  
Paul Yeh ◽  
Mark Bloch ◽  
Miriam M. Yeung ◽  
David Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Clonal Hematopoiesis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Dual Effects of Hearing Loss and Dementia on Functional Limitations in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
Michael McKee ◽  
Yunshu Zhou ◽  
Joshua Ehrlich ◽  
Elham Mahmoudi ◽  
Jennifer Deal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Household Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Mobility ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Age-related hearing loss (HL) is both common and associated with elevated risk for cognitive decline and poorer health. To care for an aging population, it is critical to understand the effect of coexisting HL and dementia on functional activities. The effect of co-existing dementia and self-reported HL on daily functioning were assessed. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using nationally-representative data from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study consisting of U.S. adults 65+. The sample included 1,829 adults with HL (22.8%) and 5,338 adults without HL. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to model the independent effects and interaction of self-reported HL and dementia status on three validated functional activity scales (self-care, mobility, and household). All analyses adjusted for sociodemographic and medical factors. HL participants were more likely to be white, older, male, less educated (p <0.01). 8.4% had possible dementia and 6.5% had probable dementia. Respondents with HL or possible or probable dementia had significantly lower mobility, self-care, and household activity scores (p<.001 for all comparisons) compared to their peers. A small yet significant interaction was present in all models, suggesting that HL respondents with co-occurring dementia had lower mobility, self-care, and household activity scores than predicted by the independent effects of dementia and self-reported HL (p<.001 for all comparisons). Older adults with co-occurring dementia and HL are at increased risk for poor functioning and should be screened by healthcare providers. Future work should consider the impact of intervention in this vulnerable/at-risk population.

Participation in Two Evidence-Based Falls Prevention Programs by Adults Aging With a Long-Term Disability: Case-Control Study of Reach and Effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (10_suppl) ◽  
pp. 39S-67S ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Eagen ◽  
Salom M. Teshale ◽  
Angelica P. Herrera-Venson ◽  
Anne Ordway ◽  
Joe Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Activity Restriction ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective: Adults aging with a long-term disability (LTD) are at an increased risk for falls. The Older Americans Act Title III-D and Prevention and Public Health Fund (PPHF) support several organizations to deliver falls prevention evidence-based programs designed to reduce risk factors; however, little is understood about the reach and effectiveness of these fall prevention programs for those with LTD compared to those without LTD. This study compared the reach and effectiveness of two evidence-based falls prevention programs between older adults with and without LTD. Method: Using a matched case-control design, 105 LTD older adults enrolled in A Matter of Balance (AMOB) or Stepping On were matched to 315 non-LTD older adults on age, sex, race, and education. Results: On average, LTD older adults attended a higher number of class sessions and were significantly more likely to complete the program compared with the matched-sample of non-LTD older adults. LTD older adults were equally likely as non-LTD older adults to report significant reductions in self-reported fear of falling, falls-related activity restriction, and improvement in falls self-efficacy following completion of the programs. Discussion: These findings provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of these evidence-based falls prevention programs for LTD older adults; however, more research is needed to extend these findings.

Physical and Cognitive Activity and Exercise for Older Adults: A Review

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Tai Chi Chuan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cognitive Exercise ◽  
System Resilience

Age-related reduction in musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and central nervous system resilience can result in wide-ranging limitations in adaptive capacity associated with negative outcomes such as cognitive decline, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, mobility problems, and increased incidence of debilitating falls. This article reviews the benefits of both cognitive and physical activity within the broad context of multiple system resilience in adult aging. Research on a unique form of combined physical/cognitive exercise, Tai Chi Chuan, is presented. The relationship between physiological and psychological gain associated with an activity intervention program is discussed in light of principles of rehabilitation, intervention compliance, subjective and objective gain, and the hypothesized value of combining physical exercise, cognitive exercise, and relaxation into a single program designed to promote resilience in older adults.

Changes in the Dynamic Stability of Walking in Active Healthy Older Adults Independent of Changes in Walking Speed

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Gu Kang ◽  
Jonathan B. Dingwell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Walking Speeds

Older adults commonly walk slower, which many believe helps improve their walking stability. However, they remain at increased risk of falls. We investigated how differences in age and walking speed independently affect dynamic stability during walking, and how age-related changes in leg strength and ROM affected this relationship. Eighteen active healthy older and 17 younger adults walked on a treadmill for 5 minutes each at each of 5 speeds (80–120% of preferred). Local divergence exponents and maximum Floquet multipliers (FM) were calculated to quantify each subject’s responses to small inherent perturbations during walking. These older adults exhibited the same preferred walking speeds as the younger subjects (p = 0.860). However, these older adults still exhibited greater local divergence exponents (p<0.0001) and higher maximum FM (p<0.007) than young adults at all walking speeds. These older adults remained more unstable (p<0.04) even after adjusting for declines in both strength and ROM. In both age groups, local divergence exponents decreased at slower speeds and increased at faster speeds (p<0.0001). Maximum FM showed similar changes with speed (p<0.02). The older adults in this study were healthy enough to walk at normal speeds. However, these adults were still more unstable than the young adults, independent of walking speed. This greater instability was not explained by loss of leg strength and ROM. Slower speeds led to decreased instability in both groups.

scholarly journals Aging, Resistance Training, and Diabetes Prevention

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Flack ◽  
Kevin P. Davy ◽  
Matthew W. Hulver ◽  
Richard A. Winett ◽  
Madlyn I. Frisard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

With the aging of the baby-boom generation and increases in life expectancy, the American population is growing older. Aging is associated with adverse changes in glucose tolerance and increased risk of diabetes; the increasing prevalence of diabetes among older adults suggests a clear need for effective diabetes prevention approaches for this population. The purpose of paper is to review what is known about changes in glucose tolerance with advancing age and the potential utility of resistance training (RT) as an intervention to prevent diabetes among middle-aged and older adults. Age-related factors contributing to glucose intolerance, which may be improved with RT, include improvements in insulin signaling defects, reductions in tumor necrosis factor-α, increases in adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations, and reductions in total and abdominal visceral fat. Current RT recommendations and future areas for investigation are presented.

scholarly journals Adequate vitamin B12 and riboflavin status from menus alone in residential care facilities in the Lower Mainland, British Columbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyly C. Whitfield ◽  
Liz da Silva ◽  
Fabio Feldman ◽  
Sonia Singh ◽  
Adrian McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Residential Care Facilities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Riboflavin Status

Older adults have potential increased risk of nutrient deficiencies because of age-related decreased dietary intake and malabsorption; it is important to ensure nutrient needs are met to avoid adverse health outcomes. B vitamins are of particular interest: vitamin B12 deficiency can cause irreversible neurodegeneration; there is mandatory folic acid fortification in Canada; and suboptimal riboflavin status has been reported among older adults in the United Kingdom. In this exploratory secondary analysis study we assessed vitamin B12 and riboflavin biochemical status (via microparticle enzyme immunoassay and erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGRac), respectively), and the vitamin B12, riboflavin, and folate content of menus served to a convenience sample of older adults (≥65 years) from 5 residential care facilities within the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. Diet was assessed from customized 28-day cycle meal plans. Participants (n = 207; 53 men and 154 women) were aged 86 ± 7 years, largely of European descent (92%), and nonsmokers (95%). The menus served had a low prevalence of inadequacy for vitamin B12 and riboflavin (only 4% and 1% of menus contained less than the estimated average requirement (EAR), respectively), but 93% contained less than the EAR for folate. Mean ± SD serum total vitamin B12 concentration was 422 ± 209 pmol/L, and EGRac was 1.30 ± 0.19. The majority of older adults in residential care were provided with adequate vitamin B12 and riboflavin menu amounts, and only 5% were vitamin B12 deficient (<148 pmol/L). However, 26% were riboflavin deficient (EGRac ≥ 1.4), which may warrant further investigation.

Sleep disturbances in adults with frailty and sarcopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Reona Chiba ◽  
Yuki Ohashi ◽  
Akiko Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Several epidemiological studies have reported an age-related increase in the prevalence of sleep disturbances. This study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep and sarcopenia/frailty in older adults and clarify issues that remain to be addressed in future studies. Design/methodology/approach PubMed was searched for relevant studies with the following keywords in the title: “sleep” and “sarcopenia” or “sleep” and “frailty.” A total of 15 studies published in English between 1998 and 2018 were reviewed. Findings Among the four studies that examined the relationship between sarcopenia and sleep, two reported that long or short sleep duration increased the risk of sarcopenia and this association was more pronounced in women than men. Among the seven studies examining the relationship between frailty and sleep, four reported that higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were associated with an increased risk of frailty. Practical implications Most previous studies have focused on interventions targeting a single area such as muscle strength or exercise habits, in older adults at risk for frailty. The results suggest that interventions targeting improved sleep may positively impact the maintenance of muscle strength. Originality/value The literature review revealed that too much or too little sleep increases the risk of sarcopenia in older adults. Further, sleep deprivation, greater night-time wakefulness and reduced sleep quality increase the risk of frailty. Interestingly, the risk of mortality is increased in individuals with daytime functional disorders such as excessive drowsiness or napping habits.

scholarly journals INTEREST GROUP SESSION—HEALTH BEHAVIOR CHANGE: USING DATA ABOUT PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS TO IMPROVE FALL PREVENTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S566-S566
Author(s):  
Gwen Bergen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Prevention Strategies

Abstract Over one in four U.S. older adults (age 65+) reports falling each year with fall-related medical costs estimated at $50 billion. The American Geriatrics Society/British Geriatrics Society Clinical Practice Guideline for Prevention of Falls in Older Persons recommends that healthcare providers assess and manage their patients’ fall risk. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) initiative helps healthcare providers incorporate these guidelines by providing tools on how to screen, assess, and intervene to reduce risk. Evaluations of fall prevention have focused on the clinical process and outcomes. Understanding clinical activities is important in fall prevention but a better understanding of older adult characteristics that increase fall-risk, and attitudes that may affect their adoption of evidence-based interventions could improve the effectiveness of prevention strategies. The five presentations in this session include: 1. Demographic, health and functional characteristics of older adults with increased fall risk. 2. Caregivers of people with chronic conditions or disability as a group with increased fall risk. 3. The most effective and efficient ways of identifying older adults with increased fall risk. 4. Facilitators and barriers to older adults’ adherence to evidence-based fall interventions. 5. Applying knowledge of older adult attitudes to improving an implementation of STEADI-based fall prevention. Multifactorial fall prevention strategies such as STEADI focus on the clinical aspects of fall prevention but their success depends on understanding and incorporating older adult characteristics and attitudes. The information presented in this session can inform fall prevention strategies and improve health.

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