scholarly journals Typology of Family Relationships and 6-Year Mortality Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 51-51
Author(s):  
Mengting Li ◽  
XinQi Dong
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
High Conflict ◽  
Family Types

Abstract Durkheim’s “family protection” thesis indicated that family could protect individuals from death. However, there are heterogeneities in family types. It remains unclear whether all family types play a protective role in older adults’ later life. This study aims to test the relationship between family types and 6-year mortality. Data were derived from a prospective cohort study from 2011 to 2017 of 3,018 U.S. Chinese older adults in Chicago. Family typology was clustered by Latent Class Analysis, including tight-knit (high solidarity and low conflict), unobligated ambivalent (high solidarity and high conflict), commanding conflicted (low solidarity and high conflict), and detached (low solidarity and low conflict). Cox model was used. The result showed that older adults in detached type have higher mortality risk than those in tight-knit type after controlling age, gender, education, income, and medical conditions. Future study could explore the mechanisms through which family types affect mortality risk.

scholarly journals Profile Groups Based on Lifestyle and Differences in Mental Health and Cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 404-404
Author(s):  
Joseph Kim ◽  
Kyuree Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the profiles of older adults according to lifestyle. Data for the study were from the 2017 Consumption and Activities Mail Survey (CAMS). CAMS 2017 is a questionnaire mailed to a sub-sample of respondents from the Health and Retirement Study. Participants were limited to older adults 65 and older, and the final sample consisted of 1136 older adults. The sample included 443 men and 693 women. Caucasians comprised 82.0% of the participants. Lifestyle was measured through items assessing the amount of time spent on activities. Due to high skewness, the items were dichotomized, 0=no time spent on activity and 1=time spent on the activity. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify groups based on lifestyle. LCA is a person-centered approach for identifying unobserved subgroups based on similarity in responses to items. Three lifestyle groups were identified. Group 1 was “Outgoing” with 471 individuals. Group 2 was “Adequate” with 229 individuals. Group 3 was “Inactive” with 436 individuals. An ANOVA was then conducted to assess mean differences in self-rated health, cognition, depressive symptoms, and loneliness for the three lifestyle groups. The “Outgoing” and “Adequate” groups had significantly higher scores on self-rated health and cognition, and in addition, significantly lower scores on depressive symptoms and loneliness compared to the “Inactive” group. No significant differences were observed between the “Outgoing” and “Adequate” groups. An implication from this study is the importance of maintaining an active lifestyle in later life for better mental health and cognition.

Activity Patterns and Health Outcomes in Later Life: The Role of Nature of Engagement

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chih Chen ◽  
Michelle Putnam ◽  
Yung Soo Lee ◽  
Nancy Morrow-Howell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Activity Engagement ◽  
Design And Methods

Abstract Background and Objectives The health benefit of activity participation at older ages is documented in the current literature. Many studies, however, only explored the health benefits of engaging in a few activities and did not examine mechanisms connecting activity participation to health. We investigated the pathway between activity and health by testing the mediation role of the nature of engagement (physical, cognitive, and social) on physical, mental, and cognitive health of older adults. Research Design and Methods We analyzed data of 6,044 older adults from the 2010 and 2012 Health and Retirement Study linked with 2011 Consumption and Activity Mail Survey. We used latent class analysis to identify the patterns of participating in 33 activities as well as patterns of nature of engagement, and examined how these patterns were associated with cognition, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health in later life. Results Meaningful patterns of activity (high, medium, low, passive leisure, and working) and the nature of activity engagement (full, partial, and minimal) were identified. High and working groups, compared to the passive leisure group, showed better health and cognition outcomes. The nature of engagement mediated the relationship between activity patterns and health, especially for older adults who were either full or partially engaged. Discussion and Implications The nature of engagement may play a more important role than the activity itself in relation to health. Identifying the heterogeneity in activity engagement in later life is critical for tailoring interventions and designing programs that can improve the health of older adults.

scholarly journals A Greater Flavonoid Intake Is Associated with Lower Total and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2350
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mazidi ◽  
Niki Katsiki ◽  
Maciej Banach
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Flavonoid Intake

Introduction: The links between flavonoid intake and mortality were previously evaluated in epidemiological studies. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies evaluating the link of flavonoid consumption with total and cause-specific mortality. Methods: Prospective cohort studies reporting flavonoid intake and mortality data published up to 30th April 2019 (without language restriction) were searched using PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE database. Generic inverse variance methods and random effects models were used to synthesize pooled and quantitative data. Sensitivity analysis was also performed by a leave-one-out method. Results: Overall, 16 articles met the inclusion criteria (nine studies were performed in Europe, five in the USA, one in Asia and one in Oceania); a total of 462,194 participants (all adults aged >19 years) with 23,473 mortality cases were included in the final analysis. The duration of follow-up ranged from 4.8 to 28 years. Most of the studies assessed flavonoid intake using food frequency questionnaires, whereas four studies used interviews and 1 study used 4-day food records. The meta-analysis showed that flavonoid consumption was inversely and significantly associated with total (relative risk (RR): 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.77–0.99) and cardiovascular disease mortality risk (RR: 0.85, 95%CI = 0.75–0.97), but not cancer (0.86, 95%CI = 0.65–1.14) mortality risk. These findings remained robust in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: The present findings highlight the potential protective role of flavonoids against total and cause-specific mortality. These results support the recommendations for flavonoid-rich foods intake to prevent chronic diseases.

Abstract MP96: Dysglycemia and Mortality in Older Adults With and Without Diabetes

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Palta ◽  
Elbert S Huang ◽  
Rita R Kalyani ◽  
Sherita H Golden ◽  
Frederick L Brancati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes

Studies in middle-aged adults report higher levels of glycated hemoglobin are associated with increased risk of mortality in non-diabetic individuals. Few studies have sufficient data to assess this association in older adults. We analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), Continuous NHANES (1999-2004), and their linked mortality data (through December 2006) to determine the risk of mortality by levels of HbA1c in older adults with and without diabetes. All analyses are weighted to represent the US population and to account for the complex survey design. Cox proportional hazard models examining the relationship between HbA1c and mortality were adjusted for age, sex, race, education, body mass index, smoking status, HDL cholesterol and hypertension. At baseline, in 7,405 adults, age ≥65 with HbA1c data (42.9% men; 7.5% black; 2.4% Mexican; mean age 73.5 (0.13)), 22.8% had clinically diagnosed diabetes (defined as self-reported physician diagnosis of diabetes and/or use of insulin or hypoglycemic medications). Over a median follow-up of 7.8 years, 4,625 participants (41.9%; 68.1 per 1000 person-years) died due to cardiovascular disease (CVD; n=1520) or non-CVD (n=3105). Non-diabetic older adults with a HbA1c between 5.7-6.4% (defined as “at risk for diabetes” by the American Diabetes Association) had a significantly greater risk of all-cause (HR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.03-1.89) and non-CVD (HR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.13-2.13) mortality compared to those with HbA1c<5.0% (referent). In older diabetic adults, there was a graded increase in mortality risk with significant associations found between HbA1c and all-cause (HR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.13-3.28) and CVD (HR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.17-6.09) mortality, in analyses comparing participants with a HbA1c between 8.0-8.9% to those with HbA1c <6.5% (referent). These data from a large, nationally representative sample of older adults indicate that dysglycemia is associated with increased mortality risk in older adults with and without diabetes.

Later-Life Preparation Patterns on Depression Among Korean Baby Boom Generations

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok In Nam ◽  
Junpyo Kim ◽  
Jimin Shin ◽  
Arram Yim
Keyword(s):  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Life Patterns ◽  
High Level

The aim of this study was to examine the later-life preparation pattern of Korean baby boomers and its effect on depression. Using the fourth wave of Korean Retirement and Income Study, later-life preparation was measured by economic, physical, and psychological preparation, and leisure, and family relationship satisfaction. The data analysis included latent class analysis, correlations, multiple logistic regression, and analysis of variance. Later-life patterns of Korean baby boomers were classified as high-level (35.7%), low-level (31.1%), and health and family relationship (33.2%) preparation patterns. For depression, the low-level pattern was associated with significantly higher level of depression; however, no differences were found in other two patterns. Researchers recommended a postretirement program to reflect the unique characteristics of Korean baby boomers. Moreover, findings regarding the importance of health and family relationships can be applied to other countries that have historical and cultural backgrounds similar to Korea.

Reciprocity in Social Support: An Advantage for the Aging Family

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 533-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen S. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Familial Support ◽  
Community Residents

A sample of 108 community residents, ages 60 through 90, participated in an empirical study of family relationships and later-life satisfaction. Findings indicate that reciprocity in the giving and receiving of familial support is associated with later-life satisfaction. Further, older adults who are givers of support are more likely to express greater life satisfaction.

Activity Patterns Associated With Health Status in Later Life Among Singaporeans

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song-Iee Hong ◽  
Srinivasan Chokkanathan ◽  
Philip A. Rozario
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Leisure ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

Research on activities overlooks the possibility that older adults engage in different activities contemporaneously. To address this gap, we used latent class analyses to identify activity patterns and then examined demographic and health correlates of these patterns among a nationally representative sample of older adults in Singapore. We identified four classes of activities: the family-focused instrumental activity (FIA) class, the social leisure activity (SLA) class, the multidynamic activity (MDA) class, and the passive activity (PA) class. Furthermore, the MDA members showed higher scores in their mental health. Worse physical functioning and higher depression scores also increased the likelihood of being in the FIA and PA groups. Significant demographics such as gender, ethnicity, marital status, education, employment, house type, and income were related to heterogeneity in older adults’ activity patterns. Service providers might consider the impact of certain significant demographic and health-related correlates when planning programs to ensure greater reach and access.

scholarly journals Examining variation in depressive symptoms over the life course: a latent class analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2037-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mezuk ◽  
K. S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Mild Depression

BackgroundOlder adults have the lowest prevalence and incidence of major depressive disorder, although it has been hypothesized that this finding is due in part to differences in expression of psychopathology in later life. The aim of this study was to examine variation in depressive symptomatology in the general population across the lifespan.MethodData came from three sites of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Project (n=10 529). Depressive symptoms during the past 6 months were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify homogeneous groups of depressive symptomatology based on 16 individual symptoms, and to examine variation in the prevalence and composition of depression classes across age groups.ResultsThe DIS symptoms fit a four-class model composed of non-depressed (83.2%), mild depression (11.6%), severe depression (1.9%), and despondent (3.2%) groups. Relative to the non-depressed class, older age was inversely associated with being in the mild or severe depression class. The profile of the latent classes was similar across age groups with the exception of the despondent class, which was not well differentiated among the youngest adults and was not inversely associated with age.ConclusionsThe symptom profiles of depression are similar across age with the exception of the despondent class, which is more differentiated from severe depression among older adults. The findings demonstrate the benefit of examining individual symptoms rather than broad symptom groups for understanding the natural history of depression over the lifespan.

Non-Spousal Support, Marital Status, and Mortality Risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110253
Author(s):  
Adam R. Roth ◽  
Siyun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Spousal Support ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Using Data

Objective To investigate whether the association between non-spousal support and mortality risk differs by marital status. Methods Using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 2460), we estimate a series of logistic regression models to assess how non-spousal support moderates the relationship between marital status and mortality across a 5-year period. Results Never married respondents who had minimal perceived access to non-spousal support had a greater probability of death compared to married respondents with similar levels of non-spousal support. The disparity in mortality risk between these two groups disappeared when non-spousal support was high. Discussion Although family and friends play an important role in mortality risk in later life, these findings suggest that never married older adults exhibit a heightened dependence on support from non-spousal sources. Future research and policies should explore ways in which never married older adults can be integrated into a supportive social environment.

scholarly journals Types of social networks and starting leisure activities in later life: A longitudinal Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254828
Author(s):  
Takuya Sekiguchi ◽  
Katsunori Kondo ◽  
Mihoko Otake-Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Considering beneficial effects of leisure activities in later life on well-being and health, we investigated which type of social network among older adults is associated with starting their participation in leisure activities. We used data from a longitudinal Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) conducted in Japan every three years from 2010 to 2016. We extracted types of social networks of older adults who did not participate in leisure activities in 2013 and responded to items related to social networks (n = 3436) relying on latent class analysis to examine changes in leisure activity participation over a three-year period within each latent class while controlling for participants’ activity in 2010. As a result, we identified five latent classes of social networks: the Neighborhood network, the Restricted network, which is characterized by limited social contacts, the Colleagues network, the Same-Interest network, and the Diverse network, from the most to the least prevalent. We found that members of the Neighborhood (Cohen’s d = 0.161) and Same-Interest networks (d = 0.660) were significantly more likely to, and members of the Diverse (d = 0.124) and Colleague networks (d = 0.060) were not significantly more likely to start leisure activities than those in the Restricted network. Furthermore, we found that lower age, better mental health, and higher education level were positively associated with starting participation in leisure activities in some latent classes. Horticulture or gardening was most likely to be chosen across all latent classes. Supporting the formation of social networks facilitating leisure activities, and recommending activities that were likely to be selected could be one solution for getting and keeping older adults active.

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