scholarly journals The Dual-Language Semantic Computerized Program (DISC) Maintained Local Switch Costs in MCI Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
W Quin Yow ◽  
Hui-Ching Chen ◽  
Tharshini Lokanathan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Switching Task ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract It has been proposed that switching cost deficit in executive control (Velichkovsky et al., 2020) could be used as an early marker for abnormal aging processes. Although research with technology-based intervention has shown benefits in improving cognitive performance with older adults, the overall results are mixed (Ge et al, 2018). This study aims to investigate whether computerized intervention program (e.g., DISC) would help to reduce the switching costs deficits in mild-to-moderate cognitively-impaired older adults (MCI-OA). Fourteen MCI-OA (79.75±6,94) and 9 cognitively-healthy OA (age 77,25±6,9) were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group (a final sample size of 30 MCI and 40 cognitive-healthy older adults would be ready by conference time). All participants first completed a set of cognitive tasks as part of a larger study (i.e., pre-tests) (e.g., MMSE, Ravens, cued-base Task Switching Task). The experimental group then played cognitive games on a touch-screen tablet for about 30-40 minutes per session with a total of 24 sessions over 8-12 weeks. The control group continued their daily activity as per usual for 8-12 weeks. Participants were then asked to complete the same set of cognitive tasks again post-test. Control group MCI-OA performed worse for the local costs in the cued Task Switching task (p<.05), whereas experimental group MCI-OA maintained their performance (p=.40) post-test compared to pre-test. All cognitively-healthy OA did not show any difference in performance irrespective of condition. This suggests that the DISC program could be an effective tool in slowing down the abnormal accelerated aging process.

scholarly journals AgingPLUS: Theoretical Background and Study Design of the Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
George Rebok ◽  
David Roth ◽  
Kaigang Li ◽  
Abigail Nehrkorn-Bailey ◽  
Diana Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Medicine ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Goal Planning

Abstract The AgingPLUS program targets three psychological mechanisms that are known barriers to middle-aged and older adults’ engagement in physical activity (PA): Negative views of Aging (NVOA), low self-efficacy beliefs, and poor goal planning skills. These risk factors are addressed in a 4-week intervention program that is compared to a generic health education program as the control group. Middle-aged and older adults (age 45-75 years) are enrolled in the trial for 8 months, with four assessment points: Baseline (pre-test), Week 4 (immediate post-test), Week 8 (delayed post-test), and Month 6 (long-term follow-up). The major outcome variables are participants’ engagement in PA as assessed via daily activity logs and actigraphs. Positive changes in NVOA, self-efficacy beliefs, and goal planning are the intervention targets and hypothesized mediating variables leading to increases in PA. This trial adopted the experimental medicine approach to assess the short- and long-term efficacy of the AgingPLUS program.

scholarly journals Effects of Intervention Program Prev@cib on Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Ortega-Barón ◽  
Sofía Buelga ◽  
Ester Ayllón ◽  
Belén Martínez-Ferrer ◽  
María-Jesús Cava
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Empowerment Theory ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Group

Due to the negative consequences of being bullied and the increase in cyberbullying among adolescents, there is a need for evidence-based programs to prevent and intervene in these types of peer violence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Prev@cib bullying and cyberbullying program, drawing on three theoretical frameworks: the ecological model, empowerment theory, and the model of personal and social responsibility. The Prev@cib program was evaluated using a repeated-measures pre-post-test design with an experimental group and a control group. The sample consisted of 660 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old (M = 13.58, SD = 1.26), randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Repeated-measures ANOVA of pre-post-test scores were conducted. Results showed a significant decrease in bullying and victimization and cyberbullying and cybervictimization in the experimental group, compared to the control group, indicating that the Prev@cib program is effective in reducing bullying and cyberbullying. Taking into account the harmful effects of these types of violence, the results have important implications in the prevention of these behaviors because they provide scientific evidence of the program’s effectiveness.

scholarly journals Efectos de un Programa de Intervención sobre las habilidades emocionales en niños preescolares

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Mirian Grimaldo Muchotrigo ◽  
César Merino-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Participatory Techniques ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Los Grupos ◽  
Experimental Group

RESUMENEl objetivo de este estudio es determinar los efectos del programa de intervención Descubriendo Mis emociones cuyo objetivo es reconocer y expresar las emociones positivas y morales, y el manejo de emociones negativas en un grupo de niños/as en edad preescolar de Lima. El estudio ha seguido un diseño de investigación cuasi experimental con grupo de control con pre test y post test. La muestra estuvo conformada por 125 participantes con una edad promedio de 5 años (95 del grupo experimental y 30 del control). Se determinó la evidencia basada en la validez de contenido, de constructo y confiabilidad del instrumento. El programa se organizó en diez  sesiones semanales de aproximadamente dos horas cada una, mediante la aplicación de técnicas participativas. Al inicio de la intervención, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los puntajes obtenidos por los niños/as que conformaron el grupo control y el grupo experimental. En el análisis intragrupos, los dos grupos experimentales mostraron leves diferencias; en el análisis entre-grupos, se detectaron claras diferencias entre el grupo control y los grupos experimentales; en el análisis clinicométrico, hubo un mayor cambio confiable y clínico en los grupos experimentales. Se discuten las implicaciones de un programa orientado al reconocimiento de emociones en niños/as. ABSTRACT The goal of this study is to determine the effects of an intervention program discovering my Emotions for recognizing and expressing positive, negative and moral emotions. It was conducted with a group of preschooler’s children in Lima. The study followed a quasi-experimental research design with pre-test and post-test control groups. The study sample comprised 125 participants with an average age of 5 years (95 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group), through intentional sample. Content validity, construct validity and reliability of the instrument were determined. The program was organized in ten weekly sessions of approximately two hours per session by applying participatory techniques. In the pretest, no significant differences were found in the scores obtained from the control group and the experimental group. In the intra-test group analysis, the two experimental groups showed slight differences. In the posttest, clear differences were detected between the control group and the experimental groups; in the clinical metric analysis, there was a greater reliable and clinical change in the experimental groups. The strategies, activities and participatory techniques are analysed, the regular attendance of the participants, among other aspects and the implications of the program oriented to the recognition of emotions in children are discussed. Pre-school children who participated in the program were able to recognize and express positive, moral and negative emotions. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the program and verifies the hypothesis formulated.

scholarly journals 427 - Psychoeducation Program for the Prevention of Older Adults´ Infantilization in Professionals working in Nursing Homes

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 48-48
Author(s):  
C. Noriega ◽  
G. Pérez-Rojo ◽  
J. López ◽  
C. Velasco ◽  
M.I. Carretero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

IntroductionKayser-Jones (1981) described infantilization as one of the four most frequent types of violence in nursing homes. Older people perceive infantilization as disrespectful and patronizing. In professionals, it can lead to protective behaviors that reduce autonomy and generate more dependency. Despite the importance of this phenomenon, the interventions are scarce and show methodological limitations.ObjectiveThis study analyzed the efficacy of a psychoeducation program for the prevention of infantilization in professionals working in nursing homes. The sample included 154 direct-care workers. The experimental group (N=111) attended a psychoeducational group intervention program while the control group (N=43) did not attend any intervention program. We assessed the infantilized practices the professionals recognized they conducted and the ones observed in the institution before and after the intervention. The intervention lasted 6 hours and included four sessions distributed in two days. These sessions aimed to reduce negative stereotypes, preventing infantilized communication patterns and the use of behaviors or practices that are frequently used with children. We also offered professionals alternative practices that recognize autonomy, decision-making and respect older adults´ dignity and uniqueness. To analyze data, we conducted Repeated measures of ANOVA and one-way ANCOVAs.Results:The scores of infantilization in the experimental group significantly decreased from pre-intervention to post-intervention in the professional, F(1, 85) = 37.184, p = .01, partial η2 = .030, and in the institution, F(1, 84) = 32.128, p = .01, partial η2 = .277, while the control group did not show any changes. There was a statistically significant difference in post-intervention between the experimental and the control group when participants scored their infantilization practices, F(1, 115) = 5.175, p = .03, partial η2 = .043, and infantilization practices observed in the institution, F(1, 115) = 5.810, p = .018, partial η2 = .048.Conclusion:These results reflect the importance of developing interventions focused on preventing infantilization, methodologically rigorous, in which professionals´ training and education are considered key pieces to generate a culture of change. More research is needed to understand this problem in greater depth to develop programs that address this problem at different levels.Funding:This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant no. PSI2016-79803-R).

scholarly journals Effect of Reflex Therapy on Stress and Blood Pressure among Older Adults with Hypertension

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Sahbanathul Missiriya ◽  
J. Suhail Hassan ◽  
Arul Anunncia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Reflex Therapy ◽  
Experimental Group

Aims: Reflex therapy relieves tension, relaxes the mind, improves the circulation of the body. In hypertension, vascular resistance increases the pressure of the blood vessels. The study was aimed to assess the pretest and post-test levels of stress and blood pressure (BP), evaluate the effectiveness of the reflex therapy among older adults with hypertension, and to associate the level of stress and BP with demographic variables. Study Design: Community-based randomized controlled trial was adopted. Place and Duration of Study: The urban area, Poonamallee, in Chennai, between October to December 2019. Methodology: Among 100 older adults, 50 participants were selected in each experimental and control group by using simple randomization. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and dual function BP monitor was used to assess the stress and BP respectively. Reflex therapy was provided for 6 weeks to the older adults with hypertension, who had low and moderate levels of stress in the experimental group. The different pressures such as 100%, 75%, and 50%, that was applied in the foot for 15 minutes weekly twice by reflexology stick, when the participants were in an empty stomach. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean and standard deviation value of pretest and post-test stress level was 14.84±6.02, 9.4±4.73 in experimental group, 13.32±5.3 and 13.04±5.09 in control group respectively. This proves that reflex therapy was effective in reducing stress levels which was statistically significant (P=0.001). Mean and standard deviation of systolic BP in pretest and post-test was 142.74±5.98 and 137.78±5.69; 141.11±6.18 and 142.03±6.29, and diastolic BP was 98.21±3.28; 97.31±3.15 and 97.94±3.59; 98.96±3.34 in experimental and control group respectively indicated that the reflex therapy helps to reduce the level of BP (P=0.001). Conclusion: Reflex therapy is beneficial to older adults particularly with hypertension for relieving stress and reducing systolic and diastolic BP.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a Home-Based Task-Switching Training in Middle-Aged Caregivers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Susanne Lütke Lanfer ◽  
Sören Enge ◽  
Marlen Melzer ◽  
Jürgen Wegge ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Task Switching ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Switching Task

AbstractThe current study aimed at investigating feasibility of a self-administered task-switching training in a middle-aged working population. Eighty-one caregivers (41–62 years old) were instructed to train at home 8 times either within a 7- or 14-day interval. Only 56.7% performed more than 50% of the instructed number of training sessions. However, compliant caregivers (who completed more than 4 training sessions) showed significant training gains and transfer to an untrained task-switching task. Although transfer effects to other cognitive tasks were not found, trained participants tended to report fewer everyday memory failures than a control group. In conclusion, the implementation of a home-based task-switching training in everyday life of caregivers is possible. However, there is only limited evidence for generalization of results of previous laboratory studies. Adherence and transfer to other cognitive tasks are discussed as important challenges in conveying laboratory findings into real life.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of forgiveness therapy for wives of alcoholics

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Hee kyung Kim ◽  
Kunsook Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Forgiveness Therapy ◽  
Emotionally Abused ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of forgiveness therapy for wives of alcoholics in South Korea suffering from emotional abuse by their spouses.Methods: Non-randomized quasi-experimental research was conducted with 2-hour weekly forgiveness therapy sessions for 12 weeks, and pre-test, post-test, and a 12-week follow-up test. A total number of 28 subjects were divided into two groups: 15 in the experimental group and 13 in the control group. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, χ2 test, and repeated measure ANOVA, using SPSS 20.0.Results: The experimental group showed a significantly higher score on the forgiveness scale than did the control group (t = 0.312, p < .010) and the 12-week follow-up test (F = 4.43, p = .039). In the subcategories of the forgiveness scale, affect and cognition scores were significantly increased but there was no significant change on the behavior score.Conclusions: These findings suggest that forgiveness therapy may be an effective intervention program to improve forgiveness for the emotionally abused wives of alcoholics.

scholarly journals Mejora de variables psicológicas en Adultos Mayores mediante Pilates (Improvement of psychological variables in Older Adults through Pilates)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Mario Alberto Villarreal-Angeles ◽  
José Moncada-Jimenez ◽  
Francisco Ruiz-Juan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Fitness Program ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Pilates Method ◽  
Experimental Group

  En México, como en muchos países, ha aumentado considerablemente la población adulta mayor. Este incremento se puede explicar debido a mejores condiciones de vida en general, como una mejor alimentación y nuevos tipos de medicamentos. Por tal motivo, se cuenta con una población adulta mayor que es indispensable estudiar para ofrecerle una mayor independencia, autocuidado y mejor calidad de vida. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de un programa de Pilates sobre variables psicológicas en adultos mayores del Estado de Durango, México. La metodología del estudio presenta un grupo experimental (GE) n=10 y un grupo control (GC) n=10, mediciones Pre-test y Post-test, la edad de los participantes estuvo entre 60 y 80 años. La duración del programa fue de 12 semanas, con una periodicidad de 3 veces por semana con sesiones de 50 min. Para evaluación de la variable dependiente se utilizó el instrumento WHOQOL BREF, y para el análisis se realizó ANOVA de 2 x 2. Como principales resultados se encontró una interacción significativa (p < 0.05) entre mediciones y grupos en las dimensiones de salud físicas, relaciones sociales, y aspectos psicológicos. Concluyendo que un programa de acondicionamiento físico de 12 semanas de duración basado en el método Pilates permite mejorar variables psicológicas, las cuales son relevantes para el logro de la buena salud en el adulto mayor. Abstract. In Mexico, as in many countries, the elderly population has increased considerably. This increase can be explained by better living conditions, such as better nutrition and new medications. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of a Pilates program on psychological variables in older adults in the State of Durango, Mexico. The methodology included an experimental group (GE n=10) and a control group (GC n=10), and Pre- to Post-test measurements. The participant’s age was between 60 and 80 years. The program length was 12 weeks, where participants attended 50-min sessions, three times per week. Two-by two ANOVA was used to analyze data. The main results were a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between measurements and groups in physical health dimensions, social relationships, and psychological aspects. In conclusion, a 12-week fitness program based on the Pilates method elicits improvements on psychological variables, which are relevant for the achievement of good health in the elderly.

scholarly journals The efficacy of multimodal intervention program on mental health states

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Helena Baldonado Florendo ◽  
Joseph V. del Rosario
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Health States ◽  
Multimodal Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Substance Consumption ◽  
Experimental Group

Filipino youths are the hope of Philippine society. However, cigarette smoking and binge drinking continually corrupt this aspiration. Mental health states interplay with the growing setback of substance consumption. The main objective of the study is to determine the efficacy of the multimodal intervention program among the participants in this study.  Specifically, it answers the following objectives: i) Develop an intervention program to address the high anxiety, mild depression, and normal self-esteem of the participants and ii) Determine the significant difference between the control group and the experimental group in the pre-test and post-test intervention measures. A matched-group experimental design was carried out among the participants who were randomly assigned to the control group and the experimental group.  There were forty participants who met the criteria set by the researchers.  When the multimodal intervention program was tested using t-test to analyze the findings at .05 level, it yielded significant results. Based on the findings of the study, the developed multimodal intervention program appeared to be effective. A follow-up study may be conducted to further test the efficacy.

scholarly journals The Cognitive and Motivation Intervention Program in Youth Female Volleyball Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Claver ◽  
Ruth Jiménez ◽  
Alexander Gil-Arias ◽  
Alberto Moreno ◽  
M. Perla Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sport Commitment ◽  
Psychological Need ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractThis study, grounded in Self-Determination Theory (Deci and Ryan, 1985, 2002) was aimed to determine the influence of a cognitive-motivational intervention program, to improve the basic psychological need satisfaction of autonomy and competence, autonomous motivation, procedural knowledge, perceived performance and sport commitment, in youth volleyball players. Participants included 34 Under-19 female volleyball players. A quasi-experimental design was carried out with an experimental group (n = 16; M = 17.45; SD = .45) and a control group (n = 18; M = 16.64; SD = .70). The experimental group followed a multidimensional intervention program comprised of 24 sessions held over three months (two training sessions per week). It was based on two strategies: giving athletes the possibility of choice in specific training tasks (proposing training situations with several action alternatives) and questioning (cognitively involving players through tactical questions). A repeated-measures MANOVA 2 (group: experimental and control) x 2 (time: pre-test and post-test) was used to analyse the effect of Group x Time interaction. The results of the inter-group analysis showed significant differences in the post-test measurement between the experimental group and the control group (in favour of the experimental group) in the variables: basic psychological need satisfaction of autonomy and competence, autonomous motivation, procedural knowledge, perceived performance and sport commitment. Given the relevance of the cognitive-motivational processes, not only for performance but also for sport commitment, this intervention has important implications for sport coaching.

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