scholarly journals Types of Late-Life Challenges to Aging in Place

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 560-561
Author(s):  
Kyeongmo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Aging In Place ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Life Challenges ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Many older adults prefer to live within their community because they have built strong relationships with their neighbors and neighborhood. Although housing-related factors promote aging in place, findings on the relationships of late-life challenges to aging in place (e.g., cost of living, autonomy) and relocation are mixed. Less is known about the types of challenges to aging in place and about the relationship between the types of challenges and relocation. Using data from the AARP 2015 Age-Friendly Community Surveys (N=3,190 adults aged 65 and older), this study examined the intersection of challenges to aging in place (e.g., home size, cost, safety, independence, family, transportation) and relocation (i.e., move to a different home outside of their community). Using latent class analysis (LCA), we identified five subgroups of late-life challenges to aging in place: multifaceted challenges, cost of living, independence, social connection, no concern. Findings from LCA with a distal outcome showed that older adults with multifaceted challenges (b=0.77, p<.001), were more likely to move out of their community, compared to those with lower levels of challenges, even after adjusting for age, sex, education, income, and chronic diseases. Also, those with challenges regarding the cost of living (b=0.84, p<.001), independence (b=0.64, p<.001), and family connection (b=0.45, p<.001) were more likely to expect to move out of their community. The findings highlight that older adults have different types of challenges to aging in place. Practitioners and policymakers should provide more individualized supportive services, considering the types of challenges to promote aging in place.

scholarly journals Ageism, Healthy Life Expectancy and Population Ageing: How Are They Related?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana Officer ◽  
Jotheeswaran Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan ◽  
Mira Leonie Schneiders ◽  
Paul Nash ◽  
Vânia de la Fuente-Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Explanatory Factors

Evidence shows that ageism negatively impacts the health of older adults. However, estimates of its prevalence are lacking. This study aimed to estimate the global prevalence of ageism towards older adults and to explore possible explanatory factors. Data were included from 57 countries that took part in Wave 6 of the World Values Survey. Multilevel Latent Class Analysis was performed to identify distinct classes of individuals and countries. Individuals were classified as having high, moderate or low ageist attitudes; and countries as being highly, moderately or minimally ageist, by aggregating individual responses. Individual-level (age, sex, education and wealth) and contextual-level factors (healthy life expectancy, population health status and proportion of the population aged over 60 years) were examined as potential explanatory factors in multinomial logistic regression. From the 83,034 participants included, 44%, 32% and 24% were classified as having low, moderate and high ageist attitudes, respectively. From the 57 countries, 34 were classified as moderately or highly ageist. The likelihood of an individual or a country being ageist was significantly reduced by increases in healthy life expectancy and the proportion of older people within a country. Certain personal characteristics—younger age, being male and having lower education—were significantly associated with an increased probability of an individual having high ageist attitudes. At least one in every two people included in this study had moderate or high ageist attitudes. Despite the issue’s magnitude and negative health impacts, ageism remains a neglected global health issue.

Heterogeneity in symptom profiles among older adults diagnosed with major depression – CORRIGENDUM

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-170
Author(s):  
C.F. Hybels ◽  
D.G. Blazer ◽  
L.R. Landerman ◽  
D.C. Steffens
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Cluster Model ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Variable Reduction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Best Fit

The authors wish to make readers aware that two of the symptoms on the HAM-D – loss of weight and loss of insight – were reverse coded in the early assessments. The analyses have been corrected and there are minor changes to the paper. The mean (SD) for loss of weight was 0.59 (0.84), while the mean (SD) for loss of insight was 0.24 (0.51). A three-cluster model still best fit the data and the profiles were similar to those presented earlier, but the distribution of patients changed. A total of 39% had the lowest mean scores, and 15% had the highest mean scores across symptoms. Clusters were differentiated by sex, education, stress, and ADL and IADL limitations. The variable reduction techniques resulted in some slight changes to the symptom groupings but the representative symptoms and resulting latent class analysis were unchanged. Specific details of the changes are available from the corresponding author upon request.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in symptom profiles among older adults diagnosed with major depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 906-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia F. Hybels ◽  
Dan G. Blazer ◽  
Lawrence R. Landerman ◽  
David C. Steffens
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Best Fit

ABSTRACTBackground: Late-life depression may be undiagnosed due to symptom expression. These analyses explore the structure of depressive symptoms in older patients diagnosed with major depression by identifying clusters of patients based on their symptom profiles.Methods: The sample comprised 366 patients enrolled in a naturalistic treatment study. Symptom profiles were defined using responses to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and the depression section of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) administered at enrollment. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to place patients into homogeneous clusters. As a final step, we identified a risk profile from representative items across instruments selected through variable reduction techniques.Results: A model with four discrete clusters provided the best fit to the data for the CES-D and the DIS depression module, while three clusters best fit the HAM-D. Using LCA to identify clusters of patients based on their endorsement of seventeen representative symptoms, we found three clusters of patients differing in ways other than severity. Age, sex, education, marital status, age of onset, functional limitations, level of perceived stress and subjective social support were differentially distributed across clusters.Conclusions: We found considerable heterogeneity in symptom profiles among older adults with an index episode of major depression. Clinical indicators such as depression history may play less of a role differentiating clusters of patients than variables such as stress, social support, and functional limitations. These findings can help conceptualize depression and potentially reduce misdiagnosis for this age group.

Health and Well-Being in the Year before Death: The Association with Quality of Life and Care at the End-of-Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1475-1485
Author(s):  
Hyo Jung Lee ◽  
Brent J. Small ◽  
William E. Haley
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
Advance Care ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Health And Well Being

Objective: We examined whether older adults’ health and well-being during their final year of life predicts end-of-life (EOL) quality of life (QOL) and quality of care (QOC). Methods: Using data from deceased participants ( n = 1125) in the 2011–2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study, we performed latent class analysis to identify profiles of health and well-being, and we examined the association between these classes and EOL QOL and QOC. Results: Four classes were identified: healthy/happy (20%), frail/happy (37%), cognitively impaired/moderately distressed (27%), and highly impaired/highly distressed (16%). Persons in the highly impaired/highly distressed class showed a poorer QOL at the EOL, whereas those in the healthy/happy class reported a lower level of QOC at the EOL. Discussion: The benefits of maintaining health and well-being often carry forward to EOL. Older adults with high impairment and distress merit greater attention such as assuring care and advance care plans.

scholarly journals Multidimensional dependency subgroups in community-dwelling older adults: A latent class analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Kely Rely ◽  
Delfino Vargas-Chanes ◽  
Carmen García-Peña ◽  
Guillermo Salinas-Escudero ◽  
Luis-Miguel Gutiérrez-Robledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Class Membership ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

Objectives: Use latent class analysis (LCA) to identify patterns of multidimensional dependency in a sample of older adults and assess sociodemographic, predictors of class membership. Material and methods: Longitudinal data were usedfrom the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). 7,920 older adults, 55% women, were recruited. LCA were used to identify meaningful subgroups. LCA was conducted using MPlus version. The final class model was chosen based on the comparison of multiple fit statistics and theoretical parsimony, with models of increasing complexity analyzed sequentially until the best fitting model was identified. Covariates were incorporated to explore the association between these variables and class membership. Results: Three classes groups based on the nine indicators were identified: “Active older adults” was comprised of 64% of the sample participants, “Relatively independent” and “Physically impaired” were comprised of 26% and 10% of the sample. The “Active older adults” profile comprised the majority of respondents who exhibited high endorsement rates across all criteria. The profiles of the “Active older adults” and “Relatively independent” were comparatively more uniform. Finally, respondents belonging to the “Physically impaired” profile, the smallest subgroup, encompassed the individuals most susceptible to a poor dependency profile. Conclusions: These findings highlighted the usefulness to adopt a person-centered approach rather than a variable-centered approach, suggesting directions for future research and tailored interventions approaches to older adults with particular characteristics. Based on patterns of multidimensional dependency, this study identified a typology of dependency using data from a large, nationally representative survey.

scholarly journals The Intersectionality of Person, Space, and Time for Understanding Aging in Place

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 436-436
Author(s):  
Widya Ramadhani ◽  
Maurita Harris ◽  
Wendy Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Aging In Place ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Ageing In Place ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Evolution Of Aging

Abstract Aging in place is interpreted differently across times and disciplines in the literature. Multiple interpretations of aging in place can lead to differences in expectations and goals when planning products, services, and technologies for older adults. We conducted a historical review across databases in the fields of anthropology, architecture, gerontol-ogy, medicine, psychology, and sociology to explore the evolution of ‘aging in place’ term across time and disciplines. We included articles that used the terminology “aging in place” or “ageing in place” in titles, abstracts, keywords, or subject. From the aging in place definition excerpts collected, we identified the preliminary themes and grouped them into three main themes: people, space, and time. Although the narrative of aging in place is highly related to living spaces, the cause and influencing factors are tied beyond the space. Person and time-related factors that are related to the aging experience im-pact the way aging in place is defined. When designing products, services, and technolo-gies to support successful aging in place, designers, researchers, policymakers, and care-givers should be aware that aging in place is at the intersection of personal, spatial, and temporal elements of older adults’ lives. Based on the multiple perspectives of disci-plines, we concluded that aging in place is beyond the matter of location, but also takes into account the person’s capacity and the changes over the person’s lifespan. Founda-tional understanding of the multiple factors that influence aging in place is critical to support older adults to have a healthy and optimal aging experience.

scholarly journals RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN CHARACTERISTICS AND PERCEPTIONS OF CAREGIVERS TO BLACK AND WHITE OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S206-S206
Author(s):  
Chanee D Fabius ◽  
Chanee Fabius ◽  
Jennifer Wolff ◽  
Judith Kasper
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
National Study ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Negative Feelings

Abstract Persistent racial differences in health, socioeconomic characteristics, and service utilization of older adults likely result in differential effects for the circumstances and experiences of family and unpaid caregivers. Utilization of community-based services has been found to alleviate caregiver burden, but the extent to which supports and informal help affect race differences in caregiver perceptions (e.g. positive/negative feelings associated with caregiving) and engagement in activities such as religious services, volunteering, or visiting family and friends, is less understood. Using data from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS; Round 5) and the National Study of Caregiving (NSOC; Round 2), nationally representative studies of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older and their caregivers, this presentation will discuss the association between sociodemographic characteristics, use of assistance from others or supportive services, and perceived gains, difficulties, and social engagement among caregivers to older black and white adults.

scholarly journals Identification of Heterogeneous Cognitive Subgroups in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis of the Einstein Aging Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea R. Zammit ◽  
Charles B. Hall ◽  
Richard B. Lipton ◽  
Mindy J. Katz ◽  
Graciela Muniz-Terrera
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Aging Study

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to identify natural subgroups of older adults based on cognitive performance, and to establish each subgroup’s characteristics based on demographic factors, physical function, psychosocial well-being, and comorbidity. Methods: We applied latent class (LC) modeling to identify subgroups in baseline assessments of 1345 Einstein Aging Study (EAS) participants free of dementia. The EAS is a community-dwelling cohort study of 70+ year-old adults living in the Bronx, NY. We used 10 neurocognitive tests and 3 covariates (age, sex, education) to identify latent subgroups. We used goodness-of-fit statistics to identify the optimal class solution and assess model adequacy. We also validated our model using two-fold split-half cross-validation. Results: The sample had a mean age of 78.0 (SD=5.4) and a mean of 13.6 years of education (SD=3.5). A 9-class solution based on cognitive performance at baseline was the best-fitting model. We characterized the 9 identified classes as (i) disadvantaged, (ii) poor language, (iii) poor episodic memory and fluency, (iv) poor processing speed and executive function, (v) low average, (vi) high average, (vii) average, (viii) poor executive and poor working memory, (ix) elite. The cross validation indicated stable class assignment with the exception of the average and high average classes. Conclusions: LC modeling in a community sample of older adults revealed 9 cognitive subgroups. Assignment of subgroups was reliable and associated with external validators. Future work will test the predictive validity of these groups for outcomes such as Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and death, as well as markers of biological pathways that contribute to cognitive decline. (JINS, 2018, 24, 511–523)

scholarly journals Socio-economic and health determinants of preference for separate living among older adults: A cross-sectional study in India

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249828
Author(s):  
T. Muhammad ◽  
Arun Balachandran ◽  
Shobhit Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Religion And Ethnicity ◽  
Using Data

Introduction The living arrangements among the older population form a basic pointer to the care and support of older adults in India, and living with extended kin is clearly differentiated from living separately. This paper attempts to understand the associations between socio-economic and health-related variables with preference for the separate living among older adults in India. Materials and methods Using data from Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India (BKPAI), we employed bivariate and probit regressions on a sample of 9540 older adults to fulfil the study objective. Results Nearly 21% of older adults were living alone/with a spouse. Additionally, those older adults who lived alone/with spouse had specific reasons, i.e. about 14.6% reported that they had no children, 47.3% of older adults had their children away and 15.9% of older adults reported a family conflict. Availability of children is consistently found to be negatively associated with the preference of separate living. Besides, better self-rated health, independence in daily activities, and facing any type of violence were the strongest predictors of preference for separate living. In addition, the background characteristics, including age, sex, education, religion, and ethnicity, were found as significant predictors of living arrangement preference. Preference for co-residential arrangements emerges among older persons who have a feeling of importance within their family. Conclusion Physical proximity to kin and health conditions, in addition to economic conditions, substantially determine the swing towards separate living among older adults in India. This suggests that attention has to be paid to the demand for specialized care and health services among older adults living separately.

Socio-economic and lifestyle determinants of giving practical support to adult children in the era of changing late life

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1933-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANU SIREN ◽  
FREYA CASIER
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Informal Support ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Practical Support ◽  
Using Data

ABSTRACTWhile research evidence indicates that older adults provide substantial amounts of financial, emotional and practical support to their adult children, little is known about the lifestyle-related drivers of providing such support or how these may be associated with changing late life in late modernity. Emerging popular discourses increasingly portray older adults as a group adopting new lifestyles, pursuing their own interests and rejecting normative family obligations. Using data from the Danish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we examine first, cohort, age and period trends in the provision of informal support in 1997–2012 in Denmark; and second, the socio-economic and lifestyle factors associated with the likelihood of providing help to adult children. We find notably that, overall, older adults’ provision of informal support to their adult children has increased over time and that active lifestyles do not decrease the provision of support to adult children. However, in later mid-life (52–62 years), having full-time employment and high work-related stress decreases the likelihood of providing help. The results indicate that while older adults play an important role in providing support, external stressors such as work–life imbalance in later life may interfere with their engagement in intergenerational relationships.

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