scholarly journals Is Resilience Protective of Movement-Evoked Pain in Older Black Women Who Experience Discrimination?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 629-629
Author(s):  
Mayra Astencio ◽  
Emily Bartley ◽  
Staja Booker ◽  
Kimberly Sibille ◽  
Josue Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Everyday Experiences ◽  
The University ◽  
Trait Resilience

Abstract Older non-Hispanic black (NHB) individuals experience greater pain and more frequent experiences of perceived discrimination compared to non-Hispanic white individuals with knee osteoarthritis. The current study explored whether being resilient buffers against movement-evoked pain (MEP) in NHB women who report everyday experiences of discrimination. In a secondary analysis of the Understanding Pain and Limitations in Osteoarthritic Disease (UPLOAD-2) study, data were collected at the University of Florida and the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Participants were 58 community-dwelling older women who self-identified as NHB and reported knee osteoarthritis. Participants completed the Brief Resilience Scale, a self-report measure of trait resilience. MEP was assessed following the Short Physical Performance Battery. Moderation analyses were conducted to investigate whether resilience moderates the association between experiences of discrimination and MEP. Study site, age, body mass index, and income were included as covariates. Overall, neither everyday experiences of discrimination (b=.292, 95% confidence interval [CI]=-.415 to 1.000) nor trait resilience was associated with MEP (b=-11.540, 95% CI=-23.583 to .503). However, there was a significant interaction (b=1.037, 95% CI=.150 to 1.925) between experiences of discrimination and trait resilience in predicting MEP. Simple slopes analysis revealed that lower discrimination was associated with lower MEP, but only in women who reported high levels of resilience (b=1.100, p=.014), but this protective effect of resilience was absent in women reporting high discrimination. Our findings suggest that as discrimination increases, the protective effects of resilience on movement evoked-pain decreases. Therefore, high trait resilience may be protective when experiences of discrimination are low.

scholarly journals Exercise and education for community-dwelling older participants with knee osteoarthritis: a video-linked programme protocol based on a randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Suhang Xie ◽  
Tianjie Bao ◽  
Siyi Zhu ◽  
Qiu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Exercise Programmes ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Neuromuscular and quadriceps exercises have been shown to be effective approaches to relieve pain and to improve function for patients with knee osteoarthritis. In this study, we aim to provide an informative feasible model in which therapeutic exercise and education will be undertaken with physiotherapy supervision and instruction via video link. We also aim to explore the relationship between program-induced pain alleviation/functional improvements and reduction in irritability, which might be mediated through program-induced psychosocial benefits. Methods In this proposed two-parallel group (neuromuscular exercise versus quadriceps exercise), single-blinded, randomised controlled trial, participants aged ≥50 years with osteoarthritic knee pain will undergo a 12-week intervention, comprising video-linked education, supervised exercises, and a 12-week follow-up. Seven measurements will be taken to collect longitudinal data. A generalised estimating equation will be used to establish the adjusted difference in effectiveness on pain, function, irritability, and psychosocial outcomes between participants undertaking neuromuscular exercises and those undertaking quadriceps exercises. The primary outcomes are overall average pain in the knee joint during walking, as assessed through the 11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index physical function subscale. Furthermore, pressure pain threshold and changes in self-report pain scores pre-, during, and post-exercise were also measured as an indication of irritability. In addition, both the 6-min walk test and a timed up & go test were used to assess walking function performance. Finally, patients’ emotions (e.g., fear and catastrophising), self-trust, needs in terms of disease knowledge, mental resilience, social support and health-related quality of life were investigated. Two four-wave cross-lagged models will be used to investigate directional relationships, aiming to investigate the complex mechanisms concerning the effects of exercise programmes. Discussion Through summarising the study’s strengths and limitations, this study may provide promising insights in terms of exercise therapy optimisation for people with knee osteoarthritis and/or other chronic pain within a psychosocial framework. Trial registration ChiCTR2100041978 (chictr.org.cn), January 10, 2021.

Abstract P429: Assessing Physical Activity in Women with CVD Using Generic Versus Disease-Specific Measures of Physical Activity

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A Mason Barber ◽  
Laura Kimble ◽  
Tanya Sudia-Robinson ◽  
Leslie Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Specific

Introduction and Purpose: Consistent and adequate measurement of physical activity (PA) in studies involving women with CVD has significant implications for the development of interventions and recommendations for increasing PA in this population. Generic measures of PA may not address or may be less sensitive or relevant to issues and problems faced by women with CVD and their impact on function. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to assess appropriateness of using generic self-report PA measures as opposed to disease-specific measures when assessing PA in women with CVD. Methods: A secondary analysis of PA data derived from a cross-sectional study investigating healthcare providers’ influence on motivation for PA in women with CVD was conducted. Community-dwelling, English speaking women with a self-reported history of CVD were recruited via flyers and newspaper ads, subsequently completing mailed self-report questionnaires and a telephone survey. Self-reported PA was measured with the 7-Day PAR. Perceived PA limitations and CVD symptoms were assessed with the Cardiovascular Limitations and Symptoms Scale. Age and comorbid conditions were also assessed. Pearson’s product moment correlations were computed to assess for associations among study variables. Results: The sample ( N =103) were non-Hispanic, primarily white (93.2%) females with a mean age of 64.7 (SD 10.3) years. The majority (94.2%) were NYHA functional status class I. Mean reported CVD symptoms was 1.1 ( SD 1.0). Difficulties with recall bias and descriptions of daily activities by participants during data collection with the 7-Day PAR led to wide variations in self-reported PA, contributing to a highly left-skewed distribution. Mean reported energy expenditure (PA) was 241.8 kcal/kg/week ( SD 20.3, Median 235.9). Mean perceived PA limitations was 15.9 ( SD 4.8). With the exception of a significant correlation with age (p < .01), no association between PA, as measured with the 7-Day PAR, and other study variables was found, including perceived PA limitations. CVD symptoms emerged as a significant predictor of perceived PA limitations in regression analyses in the primary study and was highly correlated ( r = .51, p < .001) with this variable, but not with PA ( p = .39). Conclusions: Lack of correlations between PA and other study variables may have been attributable to discrepancies in estimation of PA as assessed with the 7-Day PAR in this sample. The emergence of CVD symptoms as the strongest predictor of perceived PA limitations in regression analyses in the primary study supports the influence CVD-related factors have on PA in women with CVD. These results suggest including a disease-specific assessment, which takes CVD symptoms and limitations into consideration, when evaluating PA in the population of women with CVD.

Prevalence of Self-Reported Depression Symptoms and Perceived Anxiety Among Community-Dwelling U.S. Adults Reporting Tinnitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 959-970
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Reavis ◽  
James A. Henry ◽  
Lynn M. Marshall ◽  
Kathleen F. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Health Distress ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Mental Health Distress

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between tinnitus and self-reported mental health distress, namely, depression symptoms and perceived anxiety, in adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey between 2009 and 2012. A secondary aim was to determine if a history of serving in the military modified the associations between tinnitus and mental health distress. Method This was a cross-sectional study design of a national data set that included 5,550 U.S. community-dwelling adults ages 20 years and older, 12.7% of whom were military Veterans. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between tinnitus and mental health distress. All measures were based on self-report. Tinnitus and perceived anxiety were each assessed using a single question. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, a validated questionnaire. Multivariable regression models were adjusted for key demographic and health factors, including self-reported hearing ability. Results Prevalence of tinnitus was 15%. Compared to adults without tinnitus, adults with tinnitus had a 1.8-fold increase in depression symptoms and a 1.5-fold increase in perceived anxiety after adjusting for potential confounders. Military Veteran status did not modify these observed associations. Conclusions Findings revealed an association between tinnitus and both depression symptoms and perceived anxiety, independent of potential confounders, among both Veterans and non-Veterans. These results suggest, on a population level, that individuals with tinnitus have a greater burden of perceived mental health distress and may benefit from interdisciplinary health care, self-help, and community-based interventions. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12568475

Race, Gender, and Perceived Employment Discrimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-527
Author(s):  
Philip Q. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Employment Discrimination ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Job Discrimination ◽  
And Gender

This study investigates the effects of race and gender on perceived employment discrimination using the 2016 General Social Survey that provides new data on perceived employment discrimination that aligns more closely with the legal definition of employment discrimination. It is found that 19% of the American adults self-reported the experience of employment discrimination in job application, pay increase, or promotion in the past 5 years. The results of logistic regression analysis show that either controlling or not controlling for other factors, Blacks were much more likely to perceive being discriminated in employment than Whites, but other races were not significantly different from Whites in perceived employment discrimination after holding other variables constant. While gender did not have a significant independent effect on perceived job discrimination, it did interact with race to influence perceived job discrimination. Regardless of race, women were somewhat less likely than men to perceive job discrimination, but Black women were significantly even less likely than White women to self-report job discrimination, and Black men were much more likely to self-report employment discrimination than White men. These findings have implications for combating employment discrimination and addressing social inequalities.

scholarly journals OP0172 EFFECT OF WEIGHT LOSS AND LIRAGLUTIDE ON SERUM URATE LEVELS AMONG OBESE KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PATIENTS: SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 107.1-108
Author(s):  
K. Zobbe ◽  
S. M. Nielsen ◽  
R. Christensen ◽  
A. Overgaard ◽  
H. Gudbergsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Advisory Board ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
Lowering Drug ◽  
The Impact

Background:There is a strong association between gout and obesity. Lowering urate is the cornerstone of gout management [1] and urate levels correlate strongly with central obesity. Previous studies suggest that weight loss has a positive effect on serum urate, however, the studies are sparse and small [2].Objectives:To assess the impact of an initial low-calorie diet-induced weight loss and subsequent randomisation to the body weight-lowering drug liraglutide (a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist) or placebo on serum urate levels.Methods:In the LOSE-IT trial (NCT02905864), a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel group, single-centre trial [3], 156 obese individuals with knee osteoarthritis, but without gout, were offered an initial 8-week intensive diet intervention (week -8 to 0) on Cambridge Weight Plan (800-1000 kcal/day) followed by a weight loss maintenance period in which participants were randomised to either liraglutide 3 mg/day or placebo for 52 weeks. We conducted a secondary analysis of blood samples collected at week -8, 0 and 52. The primary outcome measure was change in serum urate. We used paired t-test for the change from week -8 to 0, and for change from week 0 to 52 we used an ANCOVA model adjusted for stratification factors (sex, age category and obesity class), and the level of the outcome at baseline. Data were analysed as observed (i.e. no imputation of missing data).Results:156 individuals were randomised and 155 had blood samples taken at baseline. In the initial intensive diet intervention period (week -8 to 0) they lost a mean of 12.5 kg (95% CI -13.1 to -11.9, n 156). In the following 52 weeks, the liraglutide group lost an additional 4.1 kg (SE 1.2, n 71) whereas the control group was almost unchanged with a weight loss of 0.2 kg (SE 1.2, n 66). Looking at the main outcome of serum urate levels change, the initial intensive diet resulted in a mean decrease of 0.21 mg/dL (95% CI 0.35 to 0.07, n 155) for the entire cohort. In the following year (week 0 to 52) the liraglutide group exhibited a further mean decrease in serum urate of 0.48 mg/dL (SE 0.11, n 69), whereas the placebo group exhibited a slight decrease in mean serum urate of 0.07 mg/dL (SE 0.12, n 65) resulting in a significant between-group difference of -0.40 mg/dL (95% CI -0.69 to -0.12, n 134) – see Figure 1. Four participants in each group experienced serious adverse events; no deaths were observed.Conclusion:This secondary analysis of the LOSE-IT trial suggests that liraglutide provides a potential novel serum urate lowering drug mechanism in obese patient populations, with potential implication for gout treatment.References:[1]Richette P et al. 2016.Ann Rheum Dis2017;76:29–42.[2]Nielsen SM et al.Ann Rheum Dis2017 76(11):1870-1882.[3]Gudbergsen H et al.BMJ2019. 71–2.Disclosure of Interests:Kristian Zobbe: None declared, Sabrina Mai Nielsen: None declared, Robin Christensen: None declared, Anders Overgaard: None declared, henrik gudbergsen Speakers bureau: Pfizer 2016, Marius Henriksen: None declared, Henning Bliddal Grant/research support from: received research grant fra NOVO Nordic, Consultant of: consultant fee fra NOVO Nordic, Lene Dreyer: None declared, Lisa Stamp: None declared, Filip Krag Knop Shareholder of: Minority shareholder in Antag Therapeutics Aps, Grant/research support from: AstraZeneca, Gubra, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and Zealand Pharma, Consultant of: Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Carmot Therapeutics, Eli Lilly, MSD/Merck, Mundipharma, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and Zealand Pharma., Speakers bureau: AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, MedImmune, MSD/Merck, Mundipharma, Norgine, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and Zealand Pharma., Lars Erik Kristensen Consultant of: UCB Pharma (Advisory Board), Sannofi (Advisory Board), Abbvie (Advisory Board), Biogen (Advisory Board), Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Forward Pharma, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB Pharma

scholarly journals Visual Acuity’s Association With Levels of Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Swanson ◽  
Eric Bodner ◽  
Patricia Sawyer ◽  
Richard M. Allman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
University Of Alabama ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The University

Little is known about the effect of reduced vision on physical activity in older adults. This study evaluates the association of visual acuity level, self-reported vision, and ocular disease conditions with leisure-time physical activity and calculated caloric expenditure. A cross-sectional study of 911 subjects 65 yr and older from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging (SOA) cohort was conducted evaluating the association of vision-related variables to weekly kilocalorie expenditure calculated from the 17-item Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire. Ordinal logistic regression was used to evaluate possible associations while controlling for potential confounders. In multivariate analyses, each lower step in visual acuity below 20/50 was significantly associated with reduced odds of having a higher level of physical activity, OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67, 0.97. Reduced visual acuity appears to be independently associated with lower levels of physical activity among community-dwelling adults.

Demographic Variables, Delay Discounting Models and Dysfunctional Personality Traits as Predictors of Financial Risk-Tolerance Among Community-Dwelling Italian Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010792110321
Author(s):  
Antonella Somma ◽  
Rebecca Sergi ◽  
Chiara Pagliara ◽  
Clelia Di Serio ◽  
Andrea Fossati
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Linear Combination ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Financial Risk Tolerance

To evaluate the effect of demographic variables, delay discounting and dysfunctional personality traits on financial risk tolerance (FRT), 281 community-dwelling adults were administered the Italian translations of the Risk-Tolerance Scale (RTS), Monetary Choice Questionnaire, Probability Discounting Questionnaire, and Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Short Form (PID-5-SF) self-report questionnaires through an online platform. Hierarchical robust regression results showed that the linear combination of demographic variables (gender and active worker status), delay discounting measures and selected PID-5-SF trait scale scores (i.e., Attention Seeking and Risk Taking) explained roughly 39% of the RTS total score. As a whole, our findings underscore the role of demographic characteristics, dysfunctional personality traits and delay discounting in FRT expression. As a result, FRT is likely to represent the linear combination of several factors that should be assessed in order to understand FRT and prevent erroneous choices among lay investors.

scholarly journals Stigma Resistance in Stable Schizophrenia: The Relative Contributions of Stereotype Endorsement, Self-Reflection, Self-Esteem, and Coping Styles

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 735-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chen Kao ◽  
Yin-Ju Lien ◽  
Hsin-An Chang ◽  
Nian-Sheng Tzeng ◽  
Chin-Bin Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Religious Coping ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Positive Reinterpretation ◽  
Stigma Resistance

Objective: Stigma resistance (SR) has recently emerged as a prominent aspect of research on recovery from schizophrenia, partly because studies have suggested that the development of stigma-resisting beliefs may help individuals lead a fulfilling life and recover from their mental illness. The present study assessed the relationship between personal SR ability and prediction variables such as self-stigma, self-esteem, self-reflection, coping styles, and psychotic symptomatology. Method: We performed an exploratory cross-sectional study of 170 community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia. Self-stigma, self-esteem, self-reflection, coping skills, and SR were assessed through self-report. Psychotic symptom severity was rated by the interviewers. Factors showing significant association in univariate analyses were included in a stepwise backward regression model. Results: Stepwise regressions revealed that acceptance of stereotypes of mental illness, self-esteem, self-reflection, and only 2 adaptive coping strategies (positive reinterpretation and religious coping) were significant predictors of SR. The prediction model accounted for 27.1% of the variance in the SR subscale score in our sample. Conclusions: Greater reflective capacity, greater self-esteem, greater preferences for positive reinterpretation and religious coping, and fewer endorsements of the stereotypes of mental illness may be key factors that relate to higher levels of SR. These factors are potentially modifiable in tailored interventions, and such modification may produce considerable improvements in the SR of the investigated population. This study has implications for psychosocial rehabilitation and emerging views of recovery from mental illness.

“Brenda’s Got a Baby”

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooklynn K. Hitchens ◽  
Yasser Arafat Payne
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Single Motherhood ◽  
Structural Inequality ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Group Interviews

This secondary analysis examines low-income, street-identified single Black mothers aged 18 to 35 years in Wilmington, Delaware. This study is guided by the following question: To what extent do family composition and criminal record/street activity shape notions of Black single motherhood? “Sites of resilience” theory informs this study by providing a reconceptualization of street life and the phenomenological experiences of street-identified Black women. This analysis draws on 310 surveys, 6 individual interviews, 3 dual interviews, 2 group interviews, and extensive field observations. Findings reveal how these women experience single motherhood within the context of blocked opportunity and structural inequality. Results also indicate that most women socially reproduced childhood attitudes and conditions, including “fatherless” homes and single motherhood. Use and sales of narcotics and incarceration were primary factors for why their children’s father didn’t reside in the home. Findings also suggest that number of children, arrest and incarceration rates, and educational and employment statuses are predictive of marital status in the women.

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