scholarly journals Education, Occupation, and the Cognitive Performance Distribution of South Korean Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
Katherine Ford ◽  
Anja Leist
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Quantile Function ◽  
Occupational Factors ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Adult Performance ◽  
Conditional Median ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Earlier research suggests that educational attainment up to early adulthood are crucial for the development of cognitive reserve, while intellectually stimulating activities later in the life course are of limited impact. We sought to explore the effects of educational attainment and occupational factors (occupation type and currently having work) across the distribution of cognitive performance for adults aged 45-65 years in South Korea. We analysed scores from the Korean Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) provided in the 2006 wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. We used quantile regressions to both investigate relationships across the distribution and to reduce bias for measures of the central tendency as the MMSE is known for its ceiling effects. The quantile function at the lowest conditional decile of MMSE scores suggested that education level was the dominant significant factor for adult performance on the MMSE (lowest MMSE decile, primary education: β = 6.11 points, p < 0.001; secondary education β = 9.56 points, p < 0.001). All occupational factors were non-significant. Further factors with a significant association with the MMSE were hearing loss, the log-transformed household income, and age squared. With the conditional median function, occupational factors became significant in the middle of the distribution but remained much less important than education levels. In summary, educational levels were more important to explain variation in cognitive functioning than occupational factors, echoing studies with Western samples. We discuss the findings with regard to the historically gender unequal educational and occupational opportunities in Korea.

scholarly journals Mechanisms linking teenage mothers’ educational attainment with self-reported health at age 50

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Maslowsky ◽  
C. Emily Hendrick ◽  
Haley Stritzel
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Early Childbearing ◽  
Partner Characteristics ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

Abstract Background Early childbearing is associated with adverse health and well-being throughout the life course for women in the United States. As education continues to be a modifiable social determinant of health after a young woman gives birth, the association of increased educational attainment with long-term health for women who begin childbearing as teenagers is worthy of investigation. Methods Data are from 301 mothers in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 who gave birth prior to age 19. We estimated path models to assess women’s incomes, partner characteristics, and health behaviors at age 40 as mediators of the relationship between their educational attainment and self-rated general health at age 50. Results After accounting for observed background factors that select women into early childbearing and lower educational attainment, higher levels of education (high school diploma and GED attainment vs. no degree) were indirectly associated with higher self-rated health at age 50 via higher participant income at age 40. Conclusions As education is a social determinant of health that is amenable to intervention after a teen gives birth, our results are supportive of higher educational attainment as a potential pathway to improving long-term health outcomes of women who begin childbearing early.

scholarly journals Social Participation Across Midlife and Later Life: Evidence From the Silent Generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 408-408
Author(s):  
Eric Vogelsang
Keyword(s):  
Social Participation ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Silent Generation ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Wisconsin Longitudinal Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Exercise Activity ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Made In

Abstract Despite the well-established benefits of social participation for individuals and communities, little is known about how it varies throughout the life course. Drawing upon data collected between 1957 and 2011 by the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (22,023 observations from a cohort of 6,627), this study provides four valuable results. One, I find evidence of five distinct social participation trajectories between the ages of 35 and 71; the majority of which demonstrate social disengagement over time. Two, these participation declines are primarily attributable to changes in meeting friends and group exercise activity. Three, the most pronounced activity differences separating those in more favorable and unfavorable participation trajectories are cultural event attendance and voluntary group membership. Lastly, I identify particular high school activities that are associated with social participation decades later. In total, these results highlight heterogeneity among different types of social activities, and underscore the possible consequences of membership decisions made in early adulthood.

scholarly journals Effect of Cocoa and Cocoa Products on Cognitive Performance in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3691
Author(s):  
María Angeles Martín ◽  
Luis Goya ◽  
Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Cocoa Products ◽  
Cocoa Flavanols

Increasing evidence support a beneficial role of cocoa and cocoa products on human cognition, particularly in aging populations and patients at risk. However, thorough reviews on the efficacy of cocoa on brain processes in young adults do not exist precisely due to the limited number of studies in the matter. Thus, the aim of this study was to summarize the findings on the acute and chronic effects of cocoa administration on cognitive functions and brain health in young adults. Web of Science and PubMed databases were used to search for relevant trials. Human randomized controlled studies were selected according to PRISMA guidelines. Eleven intervention studies that involved a total of 366 participants investigating the role of cocoa on cognitive performance in children and young adults (average age ≤25 years old) were finally selected. Findings from individual studies confirm that acute and chronic cocoa intake have a positive effect on several cognitive outcomes. After acute consumption, these beneficial effects seem to be accompanied with an increase in cerebral blood flow or cerebral blood oxygenation. After chronic intake of cocoa flavanols in young adults, a better cognitive performance was found together with increased levels of neurotrophins. This systematic review further supports the beneficial effect of cocoa flavanols on cognitive function and neuroplasticity and indicates that such benefits are possible in early adulthood.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN TINGKAT KEPATUHAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENERAPAN PROTOKOL KESEHATAN POST VAKSINASI COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Agus Mulyawan ◽  
Rita Sekarsari ◽  
Nuraini Nuraini ◽  
Eriyono Budi
Keyword(s):  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT Covid-19 is still a serious world problem with the number of cases still rising and falling every day. In response to this, the government is currently aggressively humiliating the Covid-19 Vaccination program and at the same time encouraging the public to continue to carry out health protocols such as wearing masks, washing hands and maintaining distance. This study aims to describe the level of community compliance in the application of post-Covid-19 vaccination health protocols in the Pakuhaji Health Center Work Area. The design in this study was cross sectional. Data collection using online and manual questionnaires. The sample is 85 respondents who have been vaccinated against Covid-19 to 1 or 2, respondents were taken by purposive sampling technique. The results obtained as many as 17 respondents (20%) in the non-compliant category and 68 respondents (80%) in the obedient category. And based on the characteristics of the respondents age, gender, and education. Based on this study, it was found that respondents with early adulthood (18-40 years) were more obedient to the implementation of health protocols. based on gender, female respondents were much more obedient in implementing health protocols and furthermore based on education level, respondents with middle to high education levels were much more obedient in implementing health protocols. ABSTRAK Covid-19 hingga saat ini masih menjadi permasalahan dunia yang serius dengan jumlah kasus yang masih naik turun setiap harinya. Dalam menanggapi hal tersebut pemerintah saat ini sedang gencar malukan program Vaksinasi Covid-19 dan sekaligus menganjurkan masyarakat untuk tetap melakukan protokol kesehatan seperti memakai masker, mencuci tangan dan manjaga jarak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat kepatuhan masyarakat dalam penerapan protokol kesehatan post Vaksinasi Covid-19 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pakuhaji. Desain pada penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner secara online dan manual. Sample berjumlah 85 responden yang sudah vaksinasi Covid-19 ke 1 atau 2, responden diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 17 responden (20%) dengan kategori tidak patuh dan 68 responden (80%) dengan kategori patuh. Dan berdasarkan karakteristik responden usia, jenis kelamin, serta pendidikan. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, ditemukan responden dengan usia dewasa awal (18-40 tahun) lebih patuh terhadap penerapan protokol kesehatan. Selain itu berdasarkan jenis kelamin, responden perempuan jauh lebih patuh dalam penerapan protokol kesehatan dan selanjutnya berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan, responden dengan tingkat pendidikan menenga hingga tinggi jauh lebih patuh dalam penerapan protokol kesehatan.

Youth Violence in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Erdmann ◽  
Jost Reinecke
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
German Research Foundation ◽  
Parallel Processes ◽  
The Life Course

The victim–offender overlap is currently under discussion in criminology. However, the connection between victimization and offending over the life course still requires further investigation. The present study examines whether the victim–offender overlap is invariant during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood using seven consecutive waves of the German Research Foundation–funded self-report study “Crime in the Modern City,” which contain information about German students from the age of 14 to 20 years. The results indicate that the nature as well as the strength of the overlap changes over the period from adolescence to early adulthood. The introduced measurement of the relative victim–offender overlap indicates that with growing up, fewer victims are also offenders whereas the amount of offenders that are also victims remains stable. Longitudinal analyses based on latent growth and cross-lagged panel models further point out that the developments of victimization and offending are highly parallel processes that evince similar stability and mutual influence over the phase of youth and adolescence. However, the association between both weakens over age. In conclusion, our results suggest variance in the victim–offender overlap over the life course. This justifies the demand for further research and theory development on this criminological phenomenon.

Abstract 031: Socioeconomic Trajectories Across the Life Course and Risk of All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: Prospective Findings From the Moli-sani Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marialaura Bonaccio ◽  
Augusto Di Castelnuovo ◽  
Simona Costanzo ◽  
Mariarosaria Persichillo ◽  
Chiara Cerletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
The Life Course

Introduction: A life course approach has been suggested as the most appropriated to establish the actual impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on health outcomes. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that SES trajectories from childhood to adulthood are useful to better evaluate the role of SES towards mortality risk in a large general population-based cohort. Methods: Longitudinal analysis on 22,194 subjects recruited in the general population of the Moli-sani study, Italy (2005-2010). Educational attainment (low/high) and SES in adulthood (measured by a score including occupational social class, housing and overcrowding, and dichotomized as low/high) were used to define four possible trajectories both in low and high SES in childhood (age of 8). Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated by multivariable Cox regression and competing risk models. Results: Over a median follow-up of 8.3 years (182,924 person-years), 1155 all-cause, of which 414 cardiovascular (CVD), deaths were ascertained. In the group with low SES in childhood, as opposed to those stably low (low education and low SES in adulthood), an upward in both educational attainment and material factors in adulthood was associated with lower risk of both all-cause (HR=0.64; 95%CI 0.52-0.79; Table) and CVD mortality (HR=0.62; 0.43-0.88), respectively. Subjects with high childhood SES experienced an increased risk of total and CVD death in absence of higher educational attainment despite a higher SES in adulthood (HR=1.47; 1.04-2.07 and HR=1.75;1.00-3.05, respectively) as compared to the group with both high education and high SES in adulthood. Conclusions: In conclusion, for individuals with low SES in childhood, an upward of both educational attainment and material factors over the life course is associated with lower risk of total and CVD death. In advantaged groups in childhood, lack of a higher educational attainment, rather than material factors, over the life course appears to be unfavourably associated with survival.

P2-593: DIETARY PATTERNS DURING EARLY ADULTHOOD AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN MIDLIFE: THE CORONARY ARTERY RISK DEVELOPMENT IN YOUNG ADULTS (CARDIA) STUDY

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_17) ◽  
pp. P965-P965
Author(s):  
Claire T. McEvoy ◽  
Tina D. Hoang ◽  
Stephen Sidney ◽  
Lyn M. Steffen ◽  
David R. Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Early Adulthood

Genes, Gender Inequality, and Educational Attainment

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1069-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Herd ◽  
Jeremy Freese ◽  
Kamil Sicinski ◽  
Benjamin W. Domingue ◽  
Kathleen Mullan Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship

Women’s opportunities have been profoundly altered over the past century by reductions in the social and structural constraints that limit women’s educational attainment. Do social constraints manifest as a suppressing influence on genetic indicators of potential, and if so, did equalizing opportunity mean equalizing the role of genetics? We address this with three cohort studies: the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS; birth years 1939 to 1940), the Health and Retirement Study, and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health; birth years 1975 to 1982). These studies include a “polygenic score” for educational attainment, providing a novel opportunity to explore this question. We find that within the WLS cohort, the relationship between genetics and educational outcomes is weaker for women than for men. However, as opportunities changed in the 1970s and 1980s, and many middle-aged women went back to school, the relationship between genetic factors and education strengthened for women as they aged. Furthermore, utilizing the HRS and Add Health, we find that as constraints limiting women’s educational attainment declined, gender differences in the relationship between genetics and educational outcomes weakened. We demonstrate that genetic influence must be understood through the lens of historical change, the life course, and social structures like gender.

scholarly journals Transpersonal Genetic Effects Among Older U.S. Couples: A Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
Aniruddha Das
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Background Emerging social genetics research suggests one’s genes may influence not just one’s own outcomes but also those of close social alters. Health implications, particularly in late life, remain underexplored. Using combined genetic and survey data, this study examined such transpersonal genetic associations among older U.S. couples. Method Data were from married or cohabiting couples in the 2006–2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, nationally representative of U.S. adults over 50. Measures included a polygenic score for educational attainment, and self-rated health. Analysis was through parallel process latent growth models. Results Women’s and men’s genetic scores for education had transpersonal linkages with their partner’s health. Such associations were solely with life-course variations and not late-life change in outcomes. Moreover, they were indirect, mediated by educational attainment itself. Evidence also emerged for individual-level genetic effects mediated by the partner’s education. Discussion In addition to the subject-specific linkages emphasized in extant genetics literature, relational contexts involve multiple transpersonal genetic associations. These appear to have consequences for a partner’s and one’s own health. Life-course theory indicates that a person is never not embedded in such contexts, suggesting that these patterns may be widespread. Research is needed on their implications for the life-course and gene–environment correlation literature.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document