scholarly journals RURAL WOMEN AND AGING: IMPLICATIONS FOR WORK AND RETIREMENT OF OLDER WOMEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S18-S18
Author(s):  
Aine Ni Leime ◽  
Nata Duvvury ◽  
Tanya Watson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Women And Aging ◽  
Economic Contribution

Abstract At least half of the world’s female population live in rural areas, and many are ageing. For these rural women, agriculture and informal rural livelihoods are the primary sources of employment, posing critical challenges for them with regard to work and retirement. This paper focuses on the interaction between the twin phenomena of the feminisation of agriculture and the feminisation of ageing and the consequent implications for rural women’s work and retirement. Drawing on qualitative interviews and focus groups with 48 older rural Irish women, the paper establishes the ‘invisibility’ of women’s economic contribution in agriculture, limiting their pension accumulation and constraining their retirement planning. The study found that even women property owners, and designated ‘farmers’, had uncertainty about their pension or retirement income. A key conclusion is that rural women’s pension rights are still not guaranteed posing increased risk of economic insecurity and wellbeing for older rural women.

scholarly journals Do women in rural areas of Serbia rarely apply preventive measures against cervical cancer?

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Antic ◽  
Bosiljka Djikanovic ◽  
Dejana Vukovic ◽  
Vladimir Kaludjerovic
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Gynecological Examination

Background/Aim. The incidence of cervical cancer in Central Serbia has the higher rate as compared with that in other European countries. Considering mortality rate for cervical cancer, the standardized rate in Serbia is 10.1 per 10,000 females, which is the second highest one after that in Romania with 13.0. The aim of this study was to examine application of preventive measures for cervical cancer in women both from rural and urban areas in Serbia and if they are associated with sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behaviour. Methods. We analyzed secondary data of the 2006 National Health Survey of the population of Serbia focused on characteristics of adult females aged 25 to 65 years (5.314 in total) taking into consideration that programme of the organized screening will include female population aged over 25 years. Results. Respondents from rural areas have gynecological examination less than once a year in comparison with those from urban areas (OR = 0.60, 95% Cl 0.54-0.68). Less women from rural areas did Pap test during the last 12 months in comparison with respondents from urban areas (OR = 0.55, 95% Cl 0.48- 0.64). Respondents from urban areas less often do the Pap test on doctor's advice in comparison with those from rural one (OR = 0.55, 95% Cl 0.42-0.62). Conclusion. This study shows that women in rural areas rarely implement preventive gynecological measures againt cervical cancer in comparison with those in urban areas. Implementation of preventive measures among rural women is conditioned by lower levels of education and lower socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis in rural women in Zimbabwe and patterns of association with HIV infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER R. MASON ◽  
PIER LUIGI FIORI ◽  
PIERO CAPPUCCINELLI ◽  
PAOLA RAPPELLI ◽  
SIMON GREGSON
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Serological assays using dried blood spots from 5221 women in rural areas of eastern Zimbabwe were used to assess the epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis infection, and its association with HIV. Antibodies to T. vaginalis and to HIV were detected by enzyme immunoassays. Behavioural and demographic data were collected by confidential questionnaires. In total, 516 (9·9%) women were seropositive for T. vaginalis and seroprevalence increased with age among younger women. Divorced, widowed and single women were more likely to be seropositive. After controlling for age, seropositivity was significantly associated with being sexually active, having multiple sex partners, having a partner who had multiple sex partners, and having a new sex partner in the past year. Seropositivity was associated with a recent history of genital discharge. Overall, 208 (40·3%) T. vaginalis-positive samples were also positive for HIV, compared with 1106 (23·5%) T. vaginalis-negative samples (age and sex adjusted OR 2·11, 95% CI 1·74–2·55, P<0·001). There was increased risk for being HIV-positive amongst T. vaginalis-seropositive women regardless of residence, employment or education. In a logistic regression controlling for common risk factors, the association remained significant. T. vaginalis-seropositive young women with a history of genital discharge were much more likely to be HIV-positive than women who were T. vaginalis-seronegative and had no history of discharge (OR 6·08, 95% CI 2·95–12·53). Although a causal relationship cannot be assumed, detection and treatment of trichomoniasis may be important in strategies to reduce HIV transmission through sexually transmitted infection control.

Victimization and Resilience: Experiences of Rural LGBTQ+ Youth Across Multiple Contexts

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110435
Author(s):  
Traci L. Wike ◽  
Leah M. Bouchard ◽  
Aaron Kemmerer ◽  
Mauricio P. Yabar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Lgbtq Youth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Identity Based

LGBTQ+ youth experience higher rates of interpersonal violence, such as peer-based bullying and identity-based harassment, than their counterparts. Experiences of victimization can occur across different social contexts including family, school, peers, and community. LGBTQ+ youth in rural communities may be at increased risk for identity-based victimization due in part to geographic isolation and an often conservative value system that may create a hostile environment to LGBTQ+ individuals. However, few studies have examined the experiences of rural LGBTQ+ youth from their perspectives, and how the rural context may affect their experiences with victimization and social support. This qualitative study explores the victimization experiences of rural LGBTQ+ youth, the supports available to them, and ways they show resilience. We conducted qualitative interviews with a sample of 11 young people ages 12-21, recruited in partnership with a local LGBTQ+ agency across a rural five county region in the Southeastern United States. Four themes emerged related to how rural youth navigate bullying, harassment, and victimization across different social contexts and the support that is available to them: (1) conflicting family messages, (2) navigating personal safety at school, (3) connecting through technology, and (4) confronting negative religious sentiment. A fifth theme captures the strengths of young people in the mid of victimization: (5) demonstrating individual and collective resilience. Although rural LGBTQ+ youth experience victimization in similar ways to urban and suburban youth, rural youth may have less access to social supports that buffer effects of victimization. This study highlights the strengths in rural LGBTQ+ young people as well as their commitment to supporting one another and seeing change in their communities. Findings illustrate a need for greater support for LGBTQ+ youth in rural areas while leveraging existing strength of the youth and their community for sustainable support and resources.

Empowering Women Through Education: A Study of Rural Jammu and Kashmir

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-162
Author(s):  
Kavita Suri
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Female Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Level ◽  
Female Literacy

India has made many strides in the field of education in the past few decades but still the fact remains that our country is the home to the largest number of illiterate population in the world. About one-third of India's population is currently functionally illiterate and about 50% of the entire adult female population cannot read or write. The rate of illiteracy is particularly high in rural areas, especially among women. Women's education is crucial to the overall development of any country. In India, though much emphasis is being laid on the gender equality in terms of education, yet discrimination in access to education does exist. There is a rural and urban divide in access to education for women. In Jammu and Kashmir too, female literacy rate is quite low and stands at 58.01 percent. The rural female literacy rate in J&K is 53.36 percent to 70.19 percent for urban females which earlier in the Census of 2001 was 36.7% at rural and 61.9% at the urban level, respectively. Also, there is a large gap in the male and female literacy levels in this border state. The present study examines the issues of education for empowering women in the rural areas of Jammu and Kashmir and seeks to address the challenges towards education of rural women in Jammu and Kashmir.

Rural Women Entrepreneurs in India: Challenges and Opportunities

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Ms. Monika Bansal ◽  
Ms. Lakhbir Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Rural Sector ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status

It is a general belief in many cultures that the role of women is to build and maintain the homely affairs like task of fetching water, cooking and rearing children. Since the turn of the century, the status of women in India has been changing due to growing industrialization, globalization, and social legislation. Last ten years of Indian economy make it evident that the structure of ownership in different sectors has changed. Many women entered the world of business, of trade commerce and they have become successful entrepreneurs in various business activities. This growth rate of women’s participation in economic activities is much lower than the expected rate. Because in India, there are still many social and cultural restrictions on women.Women entrepreneurship development is the instrument of women empowerment. It is very necessary to give keen attention over the empowerment of women in the rural areas. As in India there are around 7 lakh villages and more than of 70% population live in villages. In rural sector 56% male and 33% of the females are in labour force. About 66% of female population in the rural sector are Idle and unutilized. So rural women’s economic and social development is necessary for overall economic development of society and nation.The present paper addresses challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in rural areas and also explores the opportunities prevailing for rural women entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Medical and social indicators of the reproductive potential of the female population of the region (on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-726
Author(s):  
R U Khabriev ◽  
E N Mingazova ◽  
T N Shigabutdinova ◽  
R N Sadykova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Demographic Process ◽  
Live Births

Aim. To analyze the dynamic changes in medical and social indicators of the reproductive potential of the female population, markers of trends in the formation of the medical and demographic process in the region. Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of an analysis of literary sources that determine the general trend in the demographic situation in the country, as well as information from statistical collections of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Health of Russia and Tatarstan. The analytical and statistical methods (descriptive statistics, student criterion, trend analysis) were used in the study. Results. It was revealed that the fertility rate of women living in rural areas decreased by dynamics (between 1991 and 2017, from 79.9 to 42.3 per 1000 women aged 1549; p 0.05). Before 2014, the indicator for rural residents was higher than that for urban women. Since 2015, the trend has been reversed: among urban women it has become higher than among those living in rural areas, which correlates with the birth rate in urban and rural areas. Percentage of live births from 1991 to 2017 in women of early reproductive age (up to 20 years) decreased among urban women from 11.3 to 3.7% (p 0.05), among rural women from 10.0 to 5.8% (p 0.05); among urban women in the age group 2024 years from 35.4 to 27.1% (p 0.05), among rural women of the same age from 40.9 to 34.2% (p 0.05). In the observed period, percentage of live births among women of the older reproductive age increased both among residents of cities and in rural areas. Percentage of births by birth order was changed: in urban areas accounted for 55.9% of the first child, in rural areas 44.3%; for the second child 35.1% and 34.2%, respectively; for third and more children 9 and 21.5%. Conclusion. The analysis of medical and social indicators of the reproductive potential of the female population and markers of trends in the formation of the medical and demographic process in the region suggests a decrease in fertility rate (fertility) with an increase in the mean age of women at childbirth.

scholarly journals Woman Existence in the Rural Population of Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-66
Author(s):  
Güven Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Informal Labor ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Metropolitan Municipalities

The level of development throughout the world is explained on the basis of various criteria population are some of these development indicators. For many countries, the rural population and the characteristics of this population are accepted as an important indicator of development.  Also, in Turkey, focusing the rural population particularly on the issue of rehabilitation since the founding of the Republic remained on the agenda. Indeed, the rural population in Turkey since the first years of the Republic showed a great change and transformation in terms of both quantitative and qualitative. The continuous contraction of the share of the rural population in the face of the urban population, the change in the rural labor force and finally some changes in the administrative sense, led to the situation of addressing the rural population and especially the female population from a significantly different perspective. Finally, in 2012, in accordance with Law No. 6360, Metropolitan Municipality 30 Metropolitan Municipalities organized in Turkey, rural population in these cities was adopted as 0 (zero). In addition to the many disadvantages of this situation, there are drawbacks to criticism in terms of ignoring the presence of women, which constitutes the largest part of the informal labor force in rural areas. It is debatable that rural women, who are deprived of their social rights and have a low level of awareness and quality of life, are inaccessible with the relevant law in comparison with the relatively urban women. In this study, the state of the overall presence of women in rural areas as a result of administrative arrangements with the relevant distribution in Turkey explained the outlines of the female population in the metropolitan municipalities in rural areas was discussed.

ASSOCIATION OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS WITH DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN LESS THAN FIVE YEARS: A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE INDICATOR CLUSTER SURVEY SINDH 2014

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Syed Mustansir Hussain Zaidi ◽  
Hira Fatima Waseem
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Cluster Survey ◽  
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multiple Indicator ◽  
Mother Education ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Diarrhea founds to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children less than five years. Various factors are associated with diarrhea but socio-demographic factors are the main key elements, which associated with diarrhea. Methods: This study was examined association of socio-demographic factors with diarrhea in children less than five years of age of Sindh, Pakistan, using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted from January 2014 to August 2014. Data were collected for 18,108 children in whom 16,449 children had complete data of demographic variables being included in the analysis. Bivariate analysis was done using Pearson's Chi square test and multivariate analysis being done using binary logistic regression. Results: We found increased risk of diarrhea among children lives in rural areas while household wealth index quintile was also associated with diarrhea. Children in the poor, middle and fourth wealth index quintiles being at increased risk of diarrhea compared to children in the richest wealth index quintile. The highest risk of diarrhea was found for the child having mother with no education as well as children aged 12-23 months. Conclusion: Age of child, mother education and wealth index found significant with diarrhea while Male children, child aged 12-23 months, child with no mother education, child from rural areas and child from poor households found with high risk of diarrhea.

Foundation for the Prevention and Pathological Aspects of Diseases of the Mucous Membranes of the Oral Cavity (Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Bakaev Zh. N.
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Two Age Groups

According to the authors, the prevalence of SOPR diseases is from 3 to 20%.In a study of 1573 residents of southern China in two age groups who use tobacco and alcohol, the incidence of SOPR was higher among men living in rural areas compared to urban residents. Among women aged 35-44 years, the incidence was higher in urban women, and in the 65-77-year-old group in rural women. In the course of studies in Brazil, among 335 patients older than 60 years, 646 diseases of the SOPR were identified. Similar results were obtained in the analysis of SOPR diseases in the Volgograd region of the Russian Federation

FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS AMONG THE RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN BANGLADESH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalowar Hossan
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Government

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the entrepreneurial success of rural women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Non-probability sampling specifically convenience sampling is used to draw the sample and data is collected using the self-administered survey. Regression analysis and descriptive statistics are used to analyze the data. The study discloses that motivational factors, government policy and financial support have significant influence on the rural women entrepreneurial success in Bangladesh. Due to lack of suitable training and proper development as well as ICT knowledge, the rural women of Bangladesh could not accomplish the achievement. Half of the total populations of Bangladesh are female and most of them live in rural areas. Therefore, the government and the policymakers in Bangladesh should develop the potential of rural women entrepreneurs by providing development facilities, proper training, and ICT knowledge.

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