scholarly journals LAWTON’S THEORY OF PERSON-ENVIRONMENT FIT: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR DETECTING TIPPING POINTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S597-S597
Author(s):  
Janice D Crist ◽  
Cheryl Lacasse ◽  
Linda R Phillips ◽  
Jian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Tipping Points ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Environmental Press ◽  
Person Environment Fit ◽  
The Right ◽  
Health Cognition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Abstract Caregiving families often experience “tipping points,” changes that forever alter their lives, such as a fall with a fractured femur. Tipping points for older adults can be conceptualized as an interaction between individuals and their environments. According to Lawton’s theory of person-environment fit (Lawton, 1983, 1985), physical and social environments and the person’s behavior are shaped by one another in a dynamic, ever-changing process. For older adults, the relationship between “environmental press,” or the mismatch between the person and his/her environment, and adaptation to that environment is mediated through one’s ability to cope. When stressors in health, cognition, or caregiver availability occur, environmental press may heighten, leading to a tipping point. In this paper the authors clarify how environmental press theory provides a foundation for studying early detection of impending tipping points and facilitating decisional support of families for choosing the right long-term support services at the right time.

scholarly journals Depression and empathy in health professionals who work in the long-term care institutions for older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Marina Miranda Borges ◽  
Ana Julia de Lima Bomfim ◽  
Marcos Hortes Nisihara Chagas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Empathy is an important factor to guarantee the quality of care provided in the long-term care institutions (LTCIs) for older adults, and depression is a factor that affects the health of the professional and, consequently, the care. Thus, it is important that studies are conducted on the relationship of these variables in this context. Objective: The aim of this study is to verify the relationship between empathy and depressive symptoms among health professionals working in the LTCIs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at LTCIs in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The final sample was constituted by 101 health professionals (i.e., caregivers and nursing technicians) with direct participation in the care of institutionalized older adults. The instruments were used as follows: the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to assess empathy and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for the diagnosis of depression. For the analyses, the patients were divided into groups with and without depression, according to the score of the PHQ-9. Results: The prevalence of depression among health professionals was 19.8%. Significant statistical differences were found between the groups for the total score of the IRI (p=0.029), for the emotional domain (p=0.023), and for the personal distress (p=0.009). Conclusions: The findings indicate that the presence of depression among health professionals at LTCIs is related to the higher levels of empathy, especially in the emotional domain. Thus, future studies that contribute to understanding how care must be provided with empathy, but without harming the health of the professional, should be carried out.

scholarly journals SLEEP APNEA ASSOCIATED COMORBIDITIES AND MORTALITY IN AN OLDER VETERAN POPULATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S263-S264
Author(s):  
Denise M Kresevic ◽  
muralidahar pallaki ◽  
Christopher J Burant ◽  
Clare Gideon ◽  
Emily Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract Evidence continues to mount that sleep apnea (SA) occurs in 10-25% of Americans and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality (Schulman 2018). Among veterans, SA has been reported four times more often as compared to other non-veteran cohorts. (Wong 2015). The risk of developing dementia is increased in older individuals with OSA (Shastri, Bangar, & Holmes, 2015). The prevalence and characteristics of older adults with dementia and sleep apnea is not well known and long-term population-based studies on mortality have been lacking. Recent studies have reported overall mortality rates of 19%, in those individuals with SA, an increased rate of 1.5-3 times the mortality rate as compared to those individuals those without SA. Current recommendations support SA screening of high risk individuals including those with symptoms of snoring, fatigue, memory and concentration problems and mood changes. (Krist 2018). Despite a large number of older adults with suspected SA and comorbidities, the majority are not screened, referred, diagnosed and treated. In this VA pilot study of outpatient older male veterans with dementia and SA, N=195, mean age 75.83 years, SD=9.1, 51.3% were white, 37.5% were black. Frequently found comorbidities were: hypertension 88%, congestive heart failure 41%, Diabetes. 62% and, stroke 21%. Of note, among those who died, SA was significantly related to congested heart failure (r=.32, p<.001) and COPD (r=.40, p<.001). The overall mortality rate of 27% was higher than previous reports. Further investigation is needed to better understand the relationship between comorbidities, and SA, screening, treatment and mortality.

scholarly journals Benevolent Ageism: Exploring Its Boundary Conditions, Generalizability, and Correlates

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
Toni Bisconti ◽  
Jennifer Sublett ◽  
Alison Chasteen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Ageism is one of the few prejudices that is still socially condoned (Nelson, 2016). Given the aging population and the impact of internalizing ageist thoughts, this construct needs to be at the forefront for scientific examination. The long-term effects of ageism, particularly negative self-perceptions, lead to negative health and cognitive outcomes (Chasteen et al., 2015; Levy et al., 2002). One of the intricate components of ageism, however, is that it is often “benevolent”. Cuddy and colleagues developed the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) to describe how individuals are categorized based on varying degrees of warmth and competence. Unlike many devalued members of society who are viewed as low on both, older adults are viewed as having high warmth and low competence, leading to more overaccommodative treatment. The goal of the present symposium is to overview the ways in which researchers have dissected this more nuanced type of ageism. Specifically, two of the presenters will cover some of the boundary conditions of understanding age-based stereotypes and their malleability, examining them across ages and across genders. Additionally, one of our presenters will overview the validation of the Ambivalent Ageism Scale on a Chinese sample, lending support to its generalizability. Finally, our last presenter will overview the relationship between benevolent ageism and self-compassion to predict metamemory, given the pervasive stereotype that older adults suffer from severe cognitive decline. Themes and implications of these presentations will be discussed.

scholarly journals The DOL-DFL Nexus: The Relationship between the Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) and the Degree of Financial Leverage (DFL)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Marco A. Paganini
Keyword(s):  
Business Case ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Business Context ◽  
Robust Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
Operating Leverage ◽  
The Relationship

In the present paper, I have modelled the Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) and the Degree of Financial Leverage (DFL) using the percentage variations of the economic quantities. I devoted a great effort to encompass the investment dynamic and its financing mix to design a robust model implementable in a business context. The relationship discovered between DOL and DFL is complex and manifold: first, it appears asymmetrical because DOL can influence DFL, but the former is unrelated to the latter. Second, there is an infra-annual relationship measurable through partial derivatives. Finally, the stress tests shed light on some long-term impacts of one-off shocks even when the steady-state conditions are restored, disclosing an inter-annual relationship. The DOL-DFL nexus appears to be negatively related, but I also discovered positive relations and unrelated conditions. As argued in the economic literature, they cannot always behave as substitutes. The mathematical DOL-DFL model developed can admit positive, negative, and unrelated relations even though management might intervene to choose the right combination. Also, the Business Case shows positive and negative relationships, both at the infra-annual and inter-annual levels. The DOL-DFL nexus depends on circumstances and management decisions. Empirical evidence should find how management uses such a nexus and how effective such decisions have been over time.

scholarly journals Change in physical activity and stress during COVID-19 in a sample of older adults with exercise habits

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Petr Vajda ◽  
Kateřina Strašilová ◽  
Lenka Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Exercise Habits ◽  
Perceived Change ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUNDː The COVID-19 outbreak forced many states to introduce public health and social measures (PHSM), which may pose an obstacle to performing physical activity (PA).METHODS: This study investigated PA levels and their changes and perceived stress in a sample of 193 participants (aged 71.21 ± 4.87 years) engaged in exercise lessons prior to PSHM. Data were collected via an online survey distributed directly to the participants. The survey included two instruments: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale.RESULTS: The results indicate that sports habits may be a protective factor in staying active and meting PA recommendations. Nevertheless, there were no associations between the number of exercise lessons in the pre-COVID-19 period and PA level or the perceived change in PA during PSHM. Ability to replace the cancelled exercise lesson with PA of similar duration and intensity was negatively associated with PA levels and its change. The PSS-10 score suggests that the sample did not experience a significant increase in perceived stress, but the relationship of this outcome to PA is unclear.CONCLUSIONS: The promotion of alternative PA that could be performed during PHSM and building long-term exercise habits in older adults should be considered. 

scholarly journals History of drinking problems diminishes the protective effects of within-guideline drinking on 18-year risk of dementia and CIND

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny L. Brennan ◽  
Charles J. Holahan ◽  
Rudolf H. Moos ◽  
Kathleen K. Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Drinking Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment No Dementia ◽  
Baseline Demographic

Abstract Objective To examine the moderating effect of older adults’ history of drinking problems on the relationship between their baseline alcohol consumption and risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) 18 years later. Method A longitudinal Health and Retirement Study cohort (n = 4421) was analyzed to demonstrate how older adults’ baseline membership in one of six drinking categories (non-drinker, within-guideline drinker, and outside-guideline drinker groups, divided to reflect absence or presence of a history of drinking problems) predicts dementia and CIND 18 years later. Results Among participants with no history of drinking problems, 13% of non-drinkers, 5% of within-guideline drinkers, and 9% of outside-guideline drinkers were classified as having dementia 18-years later. Among those with a history of drinking problems, 14% of non-drinkers, 9% of within-guideline drinkers, and 7% of outside-guideline drinkers were classified with dementia. With Non-Drinker, No HDP as reference category, being a baseline within-guideline drinker with no history of drinking problems reduced the likelihood of dementia 18 years later by 45%, independent of baseline demographic and health characteristics; being a baseline within-guideline drinker with a history of drinking problems reduced the likelihood by only 13% (n.s.). Similar patterns obtained for the prediction of CIND. Conclusions For older adults, consuming alcohol at levels within validated guidelines for low-risk drinking may offer moderate long-term protection from dementia and CIND, but this effect is diminished by having a history of drinking problems. Efforts to predict and prevent dementia and CIND should focus on older adults’ history of drinking problems in addition to how much alcohol they consume.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Hand Therapy and Long-Term Outcomes after Distal Radius Fracture in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 230e-237e ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Chung ◽  
Sunitha Malay ◽  
Melissa J. Shauver ◽  
Kevin C. Chung ◽  
H. Myra Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Distal Radius Fracture ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Radius Fracture ◽  
Hand Therapy ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Participation in Social Activities and Relationship between Walking Habits and Disability Incidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1895
Author(s):  
Osamu Katayama ◽  
Sangyoon Lee ◽  
Seongryu Bae ◽  
Keitaro Makino ◽  
Ippei Chiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Identifying the relationship between physical and social activity and disability among community-dwelling older adults may provide important information for implementing tailored interventions to prevent disability progression. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the number of social activities on the relationship between walking habits and disability incidence in older adults. We included 2873 older adults (mean age, 73.1 years; SD, ±5.9 years) from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology—Study of Geriatric Syndromes. Baseline measurements, including frequencies of physical and social activities, health conditions, physical function, cognitive function, metabolic parameters, and other potential disability risk factors (for example, the number of years of education); monthly assessment for disability was monitored through long-term care insurance certification for at least 2 years from baseline. During a mean follow-up of 35.1 months (SD, 6.4 months), 133 participants developed disability. The disability incidence was 19.0 and 27.9 per 1000 person-years for participants who walked more (≥3 times per week) and less (≤3 times per week) frequently, respectively. The potential confounding factor-adjusted disability hazard ratio was 0.67 (95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.96; p = 0.030). The relationship between habitual walking and the number of social activities was statistically significant (p = 0.004). The reduction of disability risk by walking was greater among participants with fewer social activities. Habitual walking was associated with disability incidence, with a more pronounced effect among older adults who were less likely to engage in social activities.

scholarly journals Hiperplasia Fibrosa Inflamatoria: Reporte de un caso

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Brian Andrés García Orellana ◽  
María de Lourdes León Vintimilla ◽  
Martha Alejandra Cornejo Córdova
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Removable Dental Prosthesis ◽  
Removable Prosthesis ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia associated with the use of removable dental prosthesis (IFH) is an adaptive lesion caused by long-term trauma exerted by a poorly adapted removable prosthesis on the oral mucosa, usually in the vestibular sulcus. Its diagnosis and treatment is imperative, due to its potential to cause discomfort to the patient, altering aesthetics, phonectics and chewing. CASE REPORTS: A 41-year-old denture wearer woman was referred due to discomfort in the right lower vestibular sulcus, the clinical examination showed a bilobed enlargement with an invagination where the edge of the prosthesis fits, the patient has worn the prosthesis for 15 years. EVOLUTION: Resection with scalpel (conventional technique) was performed. The histopathological examination reported inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia and a new total removable bimaxillary prosthesis was made for the patient. CONCLUSIONS: HFI is one of the main oral lesions in older adults denture wearers and it causes aesthetic and functional alterations; it is produced by the constant irritation caused by the settlement of the prosthesis borders on the mucovestibular sulcus as a consequence of alveolar resorption. Treatment is meant to eliminate the injury and its etiology; the absence of lesions on the mucosa and the bottom of the sulcus is completely necessary.

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