scholarly journals Characterization of Stool Virome in Children Newly Diagnosed With Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1656-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafal Tokarz ◽  
Jeffrey S Hyams ◽  
David R Mack ◽  
Brendan Boyle ◽  
Anne M Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Control Cohort ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Background Viral infections have been suggested as possible triggers for the onset of ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods We employed VirCapSeq-Vert, a high-throughput sequencing virus capture platform, to examine the stool virome of children with newly diagnosed moderate to severe UC. We surveyed fecal samples collected at presentation, after symptom remission, and from a control group diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome. Results Seventy subjects with UC (mean age 13 years, 45 had moderate symptoms, 25 had severe, 69 of 70 had a Mayo endoscopy subscore 2/3) were studied. We detected a wide range of animal viruses that were taxonomically classified into 12 viral families. A virus was present in 50% of fecal samples collected at presentation, 41% of samples collected after remission, and 40% of samples in our control group. The most frequently identified viruses were diet-based gyroviruses. The UC cohort had a significantly higher prevalence of anelloviruses compared with the control cohort. However, we did not identify a single virus that can be implicated in the onset of UC and did not find an association between UC disease severity and viral presence. Conclusion Presence of virus in stool was not associated with the onset of pediatric UC.

scholarly journals Semi-automated high-throughput substrate screening assay for nucleoside kinases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Hellendahl ◽  
Maryke Fehlau ◽  
Sebastian Hans ◽  
Peter Neubauer ◽  
Anke Kurreck
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Liquid Handling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Throughput Assay ◽  
Liquid Handling Robot

Nucleoside kinases (NKs) are key enzymes involved in the in vivo phosphorylation of nucleoside analogues used as drugs to treat cancer or viral infections. Having different specificities, the characterization of NKs is essential for drug design and the production of nucleotide analogues in an in vitro enzymatic process. Therefore, a fast and reliable substrate screening assay for NKs is of great importance. Here, we report the validation of a well-known luciferase-based assay for the detection of NK activity in 96-well plate format. The assay was semi-automated using a liquid handling robot. A good linearity was demonstrated (r² >0.98) in the range of 0 to 500 µM ATP, and it was shown that also alternative phosphate donors like dATP or CTP were accepted by the luciferase. The developed high-throughput assay revealed comparable results to HPLC analysis. The assay was exemplary used for the comparison of the substrate spectra of four nucleoside kinases using 20 (8 natural and 12 modified) substrates. The screening results correlated well with literature data and, additionally, previously unknown substrates were identified for three of the NKs studied. Our results demonstrate that the developed semi-automated high-throughput assay is suitable to identify best performing NKs for a wide range of substrates.

Diagnostic Utility of Beta 2 Microglobulin in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Ulcerative Colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Mohamed Eltabbakh ◽  
Waheed Abd Almonsef ◽  
Shimaa Y. Kamel ◽  
Soha Abuelela ◽  
AL-Shaimaa M. AL-Tabbakh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Inactive Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronically relapsing disease. It includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and crohn's disease (CD). Symptoms of IBD could be conflicting sometimes with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) of diarrheal type. The ideal marker for IBD/IBS diagnosis has not yet been identified. B2 microglobulin (B2-M) is a low molecular weight protein released by activated T and B lymphocytes. It has been shown to increase in several chronic inflammatory conditions. Objectives: Assessment of the diagnostic role of (B2-M) in IBS cases presented with diarrhea (IBS-D type) and UC cases. Methodology: This case control study was conducted at Gastroenterology Unit in Tropical Medicine Department, Ain- Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. Forty patients with UC, and twenty patients with IBS in addition to twenty healthy persons as control were included. Results: There was a higher mean of B2-M values among U.C group (1.93)(mean B2-M in Active UC was 2.26 and 1.61 in inactive disease) compared to the other two groups(1.51 in IBS and 1.43 in control group) and the difference was highly statistically significant(P=0.000).Using ROC curve analysis of different cut off values of (B2-M) for detection of UC cases among IBS cases, we found that at a cut off value of <1.5 , we got sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 75 %, 70 %, 83.3%, 58.3 %, and 0.753% respectively and this was the best cut off value. Conclusion: B2-M level may have a diagnostic and differentiating utility between UC cases and IBS-D type as well as a potential indicator of disease activation in UC patients.

scholarly journals Circulating neurotransmitter levels in irritable bowel syndrome: correlation of laboratory tests and clinical findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
R. V. Vidiker ◽  
N. V. Trubina ◽  
A. R. Babaeva
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Objective: to estimate blood levels of serotonin and melatonin neurotransmitters in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and to evaluate the role of neurohumoral imbalance in the development and clinical manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome phenotypes.Materials and methods: the study included 60 patients (range, 18 – 45 years) diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome according to the Roman IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (2016). 20 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) were assigned to a comparison group. The control group was composed of 45 apparently healthy subjects. All subjects were assigned to subgroups based on the prominent clinical presentation: irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C), irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) and mixed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-M). In addition to all the necessary procedures (clinical, laboratory and instrumental), blood concentrations of endogenous serotonin and melatonin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: the concentrations of endogenous serotonin and melatonin were significantly lower in patients with irritable bowel syndrome as compared with those having ulcerative colitis or healthy individuals. The detection rates of lowering serotonin levels were 53.3 % and 65 % — for melatonin. Low levels of melatonin were detected both in IBS-D and IBS-C patients. 69.57 % of IBS-D patients had elevated levels of serotonin as compared with the reference values for healthy subjects. We found a strong correlation between the severity of bloating and abdominal pain on the one hand, and low levels of endogenous serotonin and melatonin, on the other hand.Conclusion: our findings suggest that serotonin and melatonin neurotransmitters play a significant role in the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of estimate blood levels of serotonin and melatonin neurotransmitters in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

scholarly journals One-Week Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on Gut Microbiota of Late Neonates With Pneumonia or Meningitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujing Han ◽  
Qiaoru Zhang ◽  
Yijun Ding ◽  
Ping Chu ◽  
Jinjing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Control

Background: The neonatal period is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbial community. Antibiotics can change the composition of gut microbiota.Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 14 patients with pneumonia and 14 patients with meningitis before and after antibiotic treatment, and fecal samples from five healthy neonates at the 14th and 21st days after birth were collected as well. DNA of fecal samples was extracted, and PCR amplification was performed targeting the V3–V4 variable region of 16S rDNA. After detection by high-throughput sequencing, OTU (operational taxonomic unit) clustering, species annotation, and α diversity analysis were calculated and analyzed statistically.Results: In the healthy control group, the abundance of Bifidobacterium increased significantly from 16.75 to 40.42%, becoming the most dominant bacteria. The results of α diversity analysis suggested that the Sobs indexes of the gut microbiota in the pneumonia and meningitis groups were significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (p &lt; 0.05). PCoA analysis showed that the gut microbiota of pneumonia and meningitis groups clustered distinctly with the control group (Adonis p = 0.001, R2 = 0.565), and there was no significant change in the diversity of gut microbiota before and after the use of antibiotics.Conclusions: The gut microbiota of neonates with infectious diseases were mainly related to the disease conditions. The initial state of neonatal gut microbiome determines its state after 1-week antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic application with 7 days had little effect on the community richness and some effect on the composition of gut microbiota of neonates with pneumonia or meningitis.

scholarly journals A case–control study on the association of intestinal flora with ulcerative colitis

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-hua Tang ◽  
Hong-cheng Liu ◽  
Guang Song ◽  
Tian-tian Wu ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractThe association between intestinal flora and ulcerative colitis (UC) was studied in order to provide a basis and method for clinical treatment. Fresh fecal samples were collected from 30 active UC patients and 10 healthy controls. The intestinal flora DNA from each sample was extracted and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried out using HiSeq platform to identify the intestinal flora in fecal samples. The richness and diversity of intestinal flora in UC patients were significantly lower than those in healthy control group (P < 0.05). Significant differences were observed between the intestinal flora-species of UC patients and healthy controls. Synergistetes (P < 0.01) and Firmicutes (P < 0.05), along with probiotics Veillonella (P < 0.01), Ruminococcus and Coprococcus (P < 0.05) in the UC patients were lower than that in the healthy controls significantly. Furthermore, compared with the control group, Tenericutes (P < 0.01) and intestinal pathogenic bacteria, including Bacteroides (P < 0.01), Escherichia and Sutterella (P < 0.05) were significantly increased. The incidence of UC is significantly associated with the changes in intestinal flora. Changes in intestinal flora may lead to a decrease in the diversity of intestinal flora or to the enrichment of a particular intestinal flora.

Differences in productivity QOL, and resource use in newly diagnosed and established irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A634-A634
Author(s):  
P JHINGRAN ◽  
J RICCI ◽  
M MARKOWITZ ◽  
S GORDON ◽  
A ASGHARIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Gut permeability in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and inactive ulcerative colitis

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Gecse ◽  
R Róka ◽  
T Séra ◽  
A Annaházi ◽  
A Rosztóczy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Irritable Bowel

IMMUNOREACTIVE GROWTH HORMONE IN PLASMA AND URINE IN JUVENILE DIABETICS BEFORE AND DURING INITIAL INSULIN TREATMENT

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian F. Hanssen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Juvenile Diabetes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
List Type ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Renal Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Juvenile Diabetics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Renal Tubular

ABSTRACT Twenty newly diagnosed, but as yet untreated patients of both sexes with classical juvenile diabetes were investigated by determining the mean plasma immunoreactive growth hormone (IRHGH) and urinary IRHGH for a 24 hour period before and during initial insulin treatment. The plasma IRHGH was significantly higher (0.05 > P > 0.01) before than during initial insulin treatment. During initial insulin treatment, the mean plasma IRHGH was significantly higher (0.01 > P > 0.001) than in a control group. The urinary IRHGH was significantly higher (0.01 > P > 0.001) before than during insulin treatment. The increased urinary IRHGH observed before insulin treatment is thought to be partly due to a defective renal tubular reabsorption of growth hormone. No significant correlation was found between the mean blood sugar and plasma or urinary IRHGH either before or during insulin treatment.

The Preventive Effect of Fig Leaves’s (Ficus carica L.) towards Colon Histopathological Feature and IL-6 Serum Level on Ulcerative Colitis Induced Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartini Tiono
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Histopathological Feature ◽  
Group I ◽  
Control Group Group

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly affects sigmoid colon and rectum. The inflammation process will activate NF-κB and leads to proinflamatory cytokine release such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Fig leaves contain a high level of flavonoid which can prevent NF-κB activation, and further inhibits IL-6 secretion. This research aims to see the preventive effect of methanolic extract of fig leaves towards colon histopathological feature and IL-6 serum level on ulcerative colitis induced mice. Balb/C male mice were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n=5). The treatment groups were dextran suphate sodium (DSS) control group (group I), methanolic extract of Fig leaves dose 28 mg/ day control group (group II), and methanolic extract of Fig leaves dose 7 mg/ day (group III), 14 mg/ day (group IV), and 28 mg/ day (group V) for 14 days, which at the 8th till 14th day were given DSS to induce colitis. The results showed that both of colon mucosal damage and IL-6 serum level of group I were significantly different from other groups (p=0,029). In  conclusion, the methanolic extract of Fig leaves can improve colon mucous damage and decrease IL-6 serum level on ulcerative colitis-induced mice. Keywords: ulcerative colitis, fig leaves, colon mucousal damage, interleukin-6

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