scholarly journals 1287Grief and mourning and its relation with anxiety and depressive symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Aguiar ◽  
Marta Pinto ◽  
Raquel Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Statistics Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Anticipatory Grief ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background During these unprecedented times, individuals who experience the sudden death of a family member or friend, already miss the anticipatory grief and are now also prevented from a proper farewell. This study aimed to address prolonged grief disorder since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic Methods A virtual snowball sampling survey was disseminated through social networking channels. The study enrolled participants from general resident population in Portugal with ≥18 years. Characteristics of the sample were summarized using descriptive statistics. Anxiety and depression symptoms are described by absolute and relative frequencies and compared through the Chi-square test. Results A total of 929 participants completed the survey; 17.9% (n = 166) have lost someone since the beginning of the pandemic, making our final sample. Most were female (66.9%); median age of 35 years and 70.5% had a high education degree. Participants who had lost a grandparent consisted of 28.3% of the sample, father and/or mother 9.0%, and a friend 22.3%. We found a prevalence of 30.7% of anxiety symptoms and 10.2% of depression symptoms (p = 0.030). Also, 16.8% have had a high score on the PG13, which show that these people can mourned for longer periods. Conclusions Paying the last tribute to a loved one is a mental health gesture that allows individuals to make amends and reconcile with life. Key messages The need arises to give timely attention to the psychological consequences due to the COVID-19 pandemic concerning grief

scholarly journals An Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Methamphetamine/ICE use in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Sameer Ul Khaliq Jan ◽  
Hamid Alam ◽  
Ayub Khan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Exam Preparation ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test

The present study aims to analyze the causative factors which are responsible for the use of a stimulant drug methamphetamine which is commonly known as ice. For this purpose, data were collected from the two districts, i.e. Peshawar and Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A conceptual framework consists of Independent variable (ice use frequency) and dependent variables (risk factors). Data was collected through a structured questionnaire from a sample of 180 ice users by a snowball sampling technique. A Chi-square test was applied to examine the association between independent and dependent variables. The results reveal that a significant (p=0.05) association was found between various risk factors, i.e. easy availability, friends insistence, try out new experiences/curiosity, and use of ice for exam preparation with frequent use of ice. The study recommends that awareness may be created through educational, religious institution and media for the prevention and rehabilitation of ice addiction.

scholarly journals Long term post-traumatic stress disorders among the earthquake affected people of Sindhupalchwok, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5643
Author(s):  
Laxmi Gautam ◽  
Durga Khadka Mishra ◽  
Gobind Prasad Pant ◽  
Rabina Khadka ◽  
Prakash Datt Chataut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Mentally Disabled ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Traumatic Stress Disorders

Background: People who are suffering from PTSD have disturbing feelings and thoughts which is related to their experience even after a long time of such traumatic events happened. This study highlight the characteristics and prevalence of PTSD among the earthquake survivors.Methods: Cross sectional study was carried out using standard PCL-5 PTSD questionnaire. Interview was taken among 376 survivors of earthquake after 4 years of earthquake in Sindhupalchok. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to describe data and test association.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 39.47±16.18 years. Almost 2/5th of the respondents were either buried, injured or physically or mentally disabled during earthquake. Majority of the survivors had loss their loved one while most of them loss their property. Among the respondents who were buried 28.6% had develop PTSD which was 22.2% among physical or mental disable during earthquake. PTSD showed significant association with age, loss of known person and loss of property however didn’t show with gender, caste, experience of earthquake and so on. The prevalence of PTSD was 71 (21.5%) out of 331 respondents. Female (63.4%) were more prone to PTSD than male (36.6%).Conclusions: PTSD is prevalent among 21.5% of survivors even after 4 years of earthquake which showed an urgent need to address PTSD among the respondents and immediate intervention to prevent and treat such problems in case of future disasters. 

Cultural Constraints To Female Higher Education In Malakand Division, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
Sameer Ul Khaliq Jan ◽  
Ahmad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Niqab
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Educational Facilities ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cultural Constraints

The current study was aimed to analyze the Pakhtun cultural constraints in the way of female higher education. For this purpose, the data was collected through a survey instrument by snowball sampling and selected 384 respondents from Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS. A Chi-Square test was applied in order to find out the association between independent (Pakhtun culture) and a dependent variable (low female higher education). The results show that there is a high and significant relationship between the low ratio of female higher education and sub-dimensions of Pakhtun culture i.e. early puberty, conservatism, Pardah, home related factors, Son preference, male dominancy, lack of freedom of expression for female, early/child marriage, noninvolvement of female in decision making, spending money of parents but benefits goes to husband family, non-acceptance of co-education, living in hostel of female and cultural interpretation of religion are various risk factors for low female higher education in Pakhtun society. The study recommends that the government should focus on women education, create awareness regarding female education and provide better educational facilities and incentives for women. Besides, more employment opportunities should be created to enhance female higher education.

Exploration of consumer acceptance of insects as food in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zielińska ◽  
D. Zieliński ◽  
M. Karaś ◽  
A. Jakubczyk
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Willingness To Buy ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Insects As Food

In the last decade, increasing attention has been focused on entomophagy in Europe. However, Western societies rarely experience insects as a food source. Depending on the country, the approach to entomophagy is variables. This study was performed to assess the perception of entomophagy in the Polish population and comparison with other European societies. An online survey was conducted with a final sample of 419 participants. Several variables were established, and their influence on the acceptance of insect was analysed by applying the Chi-square test of independence. We found that the respondents had limited knowledge about entomophagy; hence, willingness to eat insects is limited by unawareness and neophobia. The attitude towards insects is a strong predictor of the readiness to eat insects and buy insect-based products. The results have shown that processed insect products can increase consumers’ willingness to buy insect-based products. It should be noted that almost 60% of the 15.51% of the respondents who had eaten insects previously rated the insect taste as good and very good. We conclude that higher awareness of entomophagy is required to accept insects as food besides the willingness to try. Moreover, the future of insect consumption depends on the sensory characteristics (appearance, smell, taste) of insect-based products; hence, food industry should focus on processed foods with insect based food ingredients to make them familiar to consumers.

PROPORTION OF UNRECOGNIZED DEPRESSION AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING MEDICAL OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT, FEDERAL GENERAL HOSPITAL, ISLAMABAD

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
M. Sajid Abbasi ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Muazam Abbas Ranjha ◽  
Najma Javed ◽  
Mumtaz Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Severity Of Depression

Background: Depression is a common mental disorder globally and frequently associated with adverse life events, such as the loss of an important person, relationship or loss of health. The current study was carried out to determine the proportion and associated factors of unrecognized depression among patients visiting medical Out Patient Department (OPD at Federal General Hospital (FGH), Islamabad. Methods: A cross section study conducted during August-October at FGH, Islamabad comprising 290 patients coming to medical OPD with different complains. PHQ-9 questionnaire was used. Proportion of undiagnosed depression was calculated. Chi-square test was used to find dependence of severity of depression with sociodemographic factors. Results: Majority of the participants were females 63%. The most affected age group was 16-35 years. Overall prevalence of depression was 236(81%) with severe depression of 3.8%. Women had higher prevalence 158(53%) of all depression symptoms compared with men 78(27%). Participants with education up to metric (p 0.02), females (p .03) and being married (p 0.04) were found to statistically associated with severity of depression. Conclusion: Proportion of undiagnosed depression is very high and females, low education and being married remained more affected with undiagnosed depression. It is recommended to initiate an awareness complain to make people aware that early diagnosis of depression will lead to better outcome.

scholarly journals Academic Contrapower Harassment and Student Evaluations: The Gendered Experience of Bullying, Intimidation, and Entitlement

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. p23
Author(s):  
Alison S. Burke ◽  
Mark Siders ◽  
James Brinson ◽  
Whitney Head-Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Liberal Arts Colleges ◽  
Student Evaluations ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Instructional Style ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Contrapower Harassment

Student evaluations are subjective and oftentimes arbitrary, skewed by stereotypes students have of the professor rather than the actual merit of the instructional style. Yet student evaluations are frequently necessary for promotion and tenure requirements regardless of known gender bias. As such, student evaluations have the potential to foster a culture of academic contrapower harassment (ACPH). A convenience sample of 150 professors and instructors (41.3% male, 56.7%, female, and 2% declined to specify) from two separate liberal arts colleges were surveyed to explore the gendered differences of perceived bullying of professors by students on anonymous student evaluations. Using Pearson’s chi-square test for independence (categorical variables), results support differences in the psychological consequences of student evaluations between male and female faculty but fail to confirm instances of ACPH.

scholarly journals Internet-delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (iCBT) for Adults with Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD): A Study Protocol for a Randomized Feasibility Trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e046477
Author(s):  
Cintia Tur ◽  
Daniel Campos ◽  
Rocio Herrero ◽  
Sonia Mor ◽  
Alba López-Montoyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Prolonged Grief Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Face To Face

IntroductionGrief is an emotional reaction to the loss of a loved one with a natural recovery. Approximately 10% of people who lose a loved one develop prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Internet-based and computer-based interventions (ie, internet-delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy, iCBT) are a cost-effective alternative that makes it possible to reach more people with PGD. The main aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of a new iCBT—called GROw—for PGD. As a secondary objective, the potential effectiveness of GROw will be explored.Methods and analysisThis study is a two-arm feasibility randomised trial. A total of 48 adults with PGD who meet the eligibility criteria will be randomised to the experimental group (iCBT: GROw) or the active control group (face-to-face CBT treatment). The treatment is organised sequentially in eight modules in the iCBT format and 8–10 sessions in the face-to-face format, and both formats have the same therapeutic components. There will be five assessment points with qualitative and quantitative evaluations: screening, baseline, after the intervention, 3-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up. Consistent with the objectives, the measures are related to the feasibility outcomes for the main aim of the study (participant adherence, expectations and satisfaction with the treatment, preferences, alliance and utility) and psychological and mental health outcomes for secondary analyses (symptoms of grief, symptoms of depression, symptoms of anxiety, affectivity, quality of life, work and social adaptation, post-traumatic growth, purpose in life, mindfulness and compassion).Ethics and disseminationThe Ethics Committee of the Universitat Jaume I (Castellón, Spain) granted approval for the study (CD/002/2019). Dissemination will include publications and presentations at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04462146.

Library and information science education as ignition source for services in non-academic special libraries

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 350-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Soroya
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the number, difference and ratio of professionals and non-professionals heading toward non-academic special libraries (NASL). This study also explored the difference of provision of services based on educational qualifications. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative survey research method and questionnaire as a data collection tool was used to conduct the study. The questionnaire contained four educational levels against the 18 services variables. No list or directory being available, 71 special libraries were assured to be there in Lahore through snowball-sampling technique. Out of 71 questionnaires, 41 were returned and analyzed using Chi-Square test in Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Findings Findings indicated that 56 per cent of the libraries were headed by LIS professionals, while rest of 44 per cent of the libraries was headed by persons with no professional education. Chi-Square test’s p value indicated the significant difference in the orientation, reference service and document reservation service. The professionally qualified library managers were found better at providing librarians’ end services. Originality/value The present study is the first of its kind in Pakistan, which marked the vacant positions and indicated the differences of services based on level of education. It depicted the electronic, librarians end, and technical knowledge and multi-factor services and measured its variation on the educational grounds.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an On-Demand Mental Health System for Depression Symptoms: Retrospective Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Kunkle ◽  
Manny Yip ◽  
Watson Ξ ◽  
Justin Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Mental Health System ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Services ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Chi Square Test

BACKGROUND Depression is an extremely prevalent issue in the United States, with an estimated 7% of adults experiencing at least one major depressive episode in 2017. Although psychotherapy and medication management are effective treatments for depression, significant barriers in accessing care persist. Virtual care can potentially address some of these obstacles. OBJECTIVE We conducted a preliminary investigation of utilization characteristics and effectiveness of an on-demand health system for reducing depression symptoms. METHODS Data were analyzed from 1662 users of an on-demand mental health system that includes behavioral health coaching, clinical services (therapy and psychiatry), and self-guided content and assessments primarily via a mobile app platform. Measures included engagement characterized by mobile app data, member satisfaction scores collected via in-app surveys, and depression symptoms via the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) at baseline and 8-12 week follow-up. Descriptive statistics are reported for measures, and pre/post-PHQ-2 data were analyzed using the McNemar test. A chi-square test was used to test the association between the proportion of individuals with an improvement in PHQ-2 result and care modality (coaching, therapy, and psychiatry, or hybrid). RESULTS During the study period, 65.5% of individuals (1089/1662) engaged only in coaching services, 27.6% of individuals (459/1662) were engaged in both coaching and clinical services, 3.3% of individuals (54/1662) engaged only in clinical services, and 3.7% of individuals (61/1662) only used the app. Of the 1662 individuals who completed the PHQ-2 survey, 772 (46.5%) were considered a positive screen at intake, and 890 (53.6%) were considered a negative screen at intake. At follow-up, 477 (28.7%) of individuals screened positive, and 1185 (71.3%) screened negative. A McNemar test showed that there was a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of users experiencing depressed mood and anhedonia more than half the time at follow-up (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). A chi-square test showed there was no significant association between care modality and the proportion of individuals with an improvement in PHQ-2 score. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary insights into which aspects of an on-demand mental health system members are utilizing and levels of engagement and satisfaction over an 8-12 week window. Additionally, there is some signal that this system may be useful for reducing depression symptoms in users over this period. Additional research is required, given the study limitations, and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Attitude and acceptance of Covid-19 vaccine amongst medical and dental fraternity - a questionnaire survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Avineet Kaur ◽  
Gagandeep Kaur ◽  
Akanksha Kashyap ◽  
Gaganpreet Singh ◽  
Harnoor Singh Sandhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background. The second wave of Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2) is proving more disastrous than the first because of the new mutant stains. Under these circumstances, vaccination is the only effective solution that can save millions of lives across the globe. Objectives. The present study was conducted to assess the attitude and acceptance/willingness of health care professionals (medical and dental) towards COVID-19 vaccine. Materials and Methods. An online questionnaire survey was conducted among medical and dental professionals working in different hospitals of two states of India. A total of 520 subjects constituted the final sample size. A self-constructed questionnaire (divided into 2 parts) containing 12 questions was administered to obtain information from the subjects regarding their attitude and willingness towards COVID 19 vaccine. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square test and multiple liner regression analysis. Odds ratio with 95% CI were also generated. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. Results. Majority of the subjects (67% of dental and 73% of medical) had full confidence on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine. Willingness to get vaccinated was shown by 63% of subjects and 65% had positive attitude towards vaccine. Some subjects (45.5% dental and 48.4% medical) showed concern regarding unforeseen effects of the vaccine. Willingness to get vaccinated was 3.45 higher in subjects who were involved in COVID duties. Subjects giving less preference to natural immunity over vaccine showed more willingness (OR: 2.98) towards getting the vaccine. Conclusion. The findings of the study showed that acceptance and attitude of subjects regarding COVID 19 vaccine was suboptimal as there were various factors which contributed towards subjects’ hesitancy to get vaccinated. There is an utmost need to address various issues regarding vaccine safety to promote high uptake.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document