scholarly journals An Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Methamphetamine/ICE use in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Sameer Ul Khaliq Jan ◽  
Hamid Alam ◽  
Ayub Khan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Exam Preparation ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test

The present study aims to analyze the causative factors which are responsible for the use of a stimulant drug methamphetamine which is commonly known as ice. For this purpose, data were collected from the two districts, i.e. Peshawar and Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A conceptual framework consists of Independent variable (ice use frequency) and dependent variables (risk factors). Data was collected through a structured questionnaire from a sample of 180 ice users by a snowball sampling technique. A Chi-square test was applied to examine the association between independent and dependent variables. The results reveal that a significant (p=0.05) association was found between various risk factors, i.e. easy availability, friends insistence, try out new experiences/curiosity, and use of ice for exam preparation with frequent use of ice. The study recommends that awareness may be created through educational, religious institution and media for the prevention and rehabilitation of ice addiction.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bank Products Appeal across Demographic Consideration: A Comparative Study of Nigeria and South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5(J)) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Binuyo Binuyo ◽  
Aregbeshola . ◽  
Rafiu Adewale .
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Good Number ◽  
Snowball Sampling Technique

Influence of demographic variables on banking has continued to attract the interest of researchers over the years with a good number focussing on impact of demographic variables on choice of banks by customers. This study however differs from previous studies in that its focus is on the evaluation of bank products appeal across demographic variables in South Africa and Nigeria. This descriptive study made use of primary data collected by administering validated and pre-tested questionnaires to 3,684 bank customers within selected strategic locations across Nigeria and South Africa using the snowball sampling technique. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data generated. High Chi-Square statistics (corroborated with cross – tabulation and correlation analyses) coupled with very low probability values indicate highly significant associations between demographic variables and the dependent variables. The study recommends customer-centric approach on the part of banks to be able to provide customers with effective and unique value offers for various customer segments. Also, policy intervention is required to promote infrastructural upgrade for better product and service delivery. A more inclusive regulatory framework is required to draw more of the unbanked self – employed populace in the interest of boosting the economic performance of both countries.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU SAFETY DRIVING PADA SUPIR TRAVEL DI PT. LIBRA WISATA TRANSPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ade Dita Puteri ◽  
Azimah Mardiatun Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Work Knowledge

Safety Driving is the basis for further driving training that pays attention to the safety of drivers and passengers. Safety Driving is influenced by human factors such as age, education, length of work, knowledge, vehicle factors such as passenger load capacity, environmental factors in this condition of road and weather. The purpose of this study is to know the factors relating to correlation safety driving of travel driver at PT. Libra Wisata Transport Pekanbaru year 2019. This research is a quantitative study of analytics with a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted on June 20-25, 2019 with the population in this research is the travel driver of PT. Libra Wisata Transport Pekanbaru, which was 40 people using the Total Sampling technique. independent variables are age, employment, education, length of work, knowledge, and driving completeness, while the dependent variables are the behavior of Safety Driving. The instruments used in data collection are questionnaires. Data analysis is conducted with the analysis of univariate and bivariate with Chi-Square test. The results of the research can be a relationship between age, employment, education, duration of work, knowledge and completeness of driving with the behavior of Safety Driving. It is suggested to the travel to be able to conduct training on Safety Driving to the all of driver, and conduct evaluation on the implementation of Safety Driving training, so that the results of the training can make the driver Act securely In driving. In addition, the driver is expected to always obey the ordinances of the traffic provisions.

scholarly journals War against Terrorism and its Impact on Children’s Academic Performance In District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Arab Naz ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Ali ◽  
Nasim Khan Mahsud ◽  
Waseem Khan
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Behavior

Terrorism has immensely affected the lives and standard of living of common masses across the country. Such a menace gave birth to numerous apprehensions and affected lives of subject masses and adversely impacted the institutions. The current study tends to investigate the impacts of war against terrorism/militancy on children’s education, specifically on their academic performance in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data has been collected from 200 children of class 9th and 10th in the target area using stratified random sampling technique through interview schedule. Besides, the analysis has been performed through SPSS, using Chi-Square test where findings of the study show that militancy and terrorism have multiple and diverse impacts upon students’ academic achievements and learning performance in the form of grading, marks’ attainment, enrollment and behavior.

scholarly journals ANALYZING PATIENT SATISFACTION WITH REGARDS TO PROVISION OF FREE MEDICINES IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Neelam Farid ◽  
Mussawir Shah ◽  
Akhtar Ali ◽  
Dawood Jan
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Independent Variable

Objective: To measure the association between provision of free medicines and patient satisfaction with regard to new health policy. Materials and methods: A total of 384 sampled respondents (admitted patients, Male/Female) who visited the OPD for surgical and medical components were selected through random sampling technique from three public teaching hospitals namely, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Hayatabad Medical Complex and Lady Reading Hospital in district Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa respectively. A conceptual framework consisted of independent variable namely provision of free medicines and a dependent variable patient satisfaction was tabulated and analyzed through chi-square test statistics. The multi-variate analysis of the study intimated a non –significant association between patient satisfaction and provision of free medicines controlling family type and it was found a non-spurious relationship while comparing at bi-variate level. Results: The findings revealed that any health policy with provision of special attention to patients by taking along the relevant stakeholders does yield the desired results. All these provisions may include the services with a strong mechanism of monitoring, evaluation based on reward and punishment.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Andri Dwi Hernawan ◽  
Aisyah Diningrum ◽  
Sri Nugroho Jati ◽  
M. Nasip
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Stress History ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Passive Smoker ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract There were 112,000 ASD sufferers in Indonesia in 2012 and in 2015 it was estimated that there were 1 per 250 children or 134,000 sufferers. The proportion of ASD was 62.8% and in 2016 it was 1.28 out of 1000 children in 2015. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for the incidence of ASD in Pontianak City. The research method was analytic observational with a control case study design. The sample was 70 people (35 cases and 35 controls) taken by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Chi-Square test (α = 0,05). The results showed that the factors associated with the incidence of ASD were father's age (p = 0.03; OR = 4.00; CI = 1.250-12.804), stress history during pregnancy (p = 0.04; OR = 3.18; CI = 1.13-8.93) and insufficient months of birth (p = 0.036; OR = 4.88; CI = 1.22-19.4), while age of mother during pregnancy, passive smoker, antenatal hemorrhage and pregnancy interval were not associated with the incidence of ASD (p> 0.05). The conclusion of this study is father's age, the presence of a history of stress during pregnancy and insufficient months of birth associated with the incidence of ASD. Keywords: Father’s age, Stress History, Autism Spectrum Disorder   Abstrak Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) dikenal sebagai triad of impairments yaitu adanya gangguan perkembangan pada aspek komunikasi, adanya perilaku yang diulang-ulang dan gangguan dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan. Pada tahun 2012 dilaporkan sebanyak 112.000 penderita ASD di Indonesia, tahun 2015 diperkirakan terdapat 1 per 250 anak atau 134.000 penderita. Data dari UPTD Autis Center Kota Pontianak tahun 2015 proporsi ASD sebesar 62,8% dan pada tahun 2016 sebesar 1,28 dari 1000 anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian ASD di Kota Pontianak. Metode penelitian adalah observasional analitik dengan desain studi kasus kontrol.Sampel penelitian berjumlah 70 orang (35 kasus dan 35 kontrol) yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ASD adalah usia ayah (p=0,03; OR=4,00; CI=1,250-12,804), riwayat stres saat hamil (p=0,04; OR=3,18; CI=1,13-8,93) dan lahir belum cukup bulan (p=0,036; OR=4,88; CI=1,22-19,4), sedangkan usia ibu saat hamil, perokok pasif, perdarahan antenatal dan jarak kehamilan tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian ASD (p>0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah faktor usia ayah, adanya riwayat stres saat hamil dan kelahiran belum cukup bulan berhubungan dengan kejadian ASD. Keyword : Usia ayah, riwayat stress, Autism Spectrum Disorder

scholarly journals Relationship Between Characteristic and Hypertension With Incidence of Ischemic Stroke

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Rohmatul Laily
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender

Stroke is a disease that is a problem in the world, especially ischemic stroke. Stroke is a disease caused by circulatory disorders of the brain that are affected by several risk factors can not be changed such as age and gender. While the risk factors that can be changed such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and jobs. Effective measures to reduce the incidence of stroke is by controlling risk factors that can be changed. This study aims to determine the relationship characteristics and hypertension with ischemic stroke events in hospitals Ngimbang Lamongan Year 2016. This study was analytic observational with case control design.Sample cases is ischemic stroke patients, while the control sample is non ischemic stroke, each as much as 44 respondents. The sampling technique by using simple random sampling. Collecting data use secondary data by viewing the data records. The statistical test used was chi square test. Research that shows there is a significant relationship with the occurrence of ischemic stroke were age (p = 0,015; OR = 3,286; 95% CI 1,332 to 8,107), gender (p = 0,001; OR = 4.765; 95% CI 1,912 to 11,875 ), employment status (p = 0.001; OR = 4.667; 95%CI 1,890 to 1,526), and hypertension (p = 0,000; OR = 129,000; 95% CI 15,848 to 1050,034). The conclusion from this study was there are a relationship between age, gender, employment status and hypertension with ischemic stroke events in hospitals Ngimbang Lamongan 2016.Keywords: age, gender, job status, hypertension and ischemic stroke

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI USIA PRODUKTIF (25-54 TAHUN)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riska Agustina ◽  
Bambang Budi Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Public ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chi Square Test

Hipertensi di Puskesmas Kedungmundu meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi usia produktif (25-54 tahun) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kedungmundu tahun 2013. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan pendekatan case control. Sampel berjumlah 30 orang pada masing-masing kelompok kasus dan kontrol yang diambil dengan teknik accidental sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dengan derajat kemaknaan (α) = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi usia produktif (25-54 tahun)  adalah faktor genetik (p value=0,019, OR=4,125), obesitas (p value=0038, OR=3,5), kebiasaan merokok (p value=0,017, OR=6,0), konsumsi garam (p value=0,004, OR=5,675), penggunaan minyak jelantah (p value=0,009, OR=4,929) dan stress psikis (p value=0,002, OR=6,417). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah aktifitas fisik (p value=0,065), konsumsi alkohol (p value=0,148), jenis pekerjaan (p value=0,333), pendapatan keluarga (p value=0,531) lama kerja (p value=0,588). Saran bagi penderita hipertensi usia produktif (25-54 tahun) di Kedungmundu supaya lebih meningkatkan status kesehatan dengan lebih teratur memeriksakan kesehatannya, khususnya tekanan darah. Bagi Puskesmas untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang hipertensi. Bagi peneliti lain untuk menambah faktor risiko lain yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi usia produktif. Hypertension  at Kedungmundu Puskesmas was ascending from year to year. The purpose of this study is to find risk factors which related to the Hypertension productive age (25-54 years) at working area health centers Kedungmundu Year 2013. This is a research of analytical survey with casecontrol approach. Sample of 30 people in each case group and controlgroup who were taken using accidental sampling technique. Data analysis using chi square test with degrees of significance (α) = 0,05. The study results show that the risk factor which related to the Hypertension productive age (25-54 years) genetic factor  (p value=0,019, OR=4,125), obesity (p value=0,038, OR=3,5), smooking habit (p value=0,017, OR=6,0), salt consumption (p value=0,004, OR=5,675), use jelantah oil (p value=0,009, OR=4,929) and psychological stress (p value=0,002, OR=6,417). The risk factor which are not related are physical activities (p value=0,065), alcohol consumption (p value=0,148), type of work (p value=0,333), family’s income (p value=0,531) and duration of employment (p value=0,588). The advice to patient hypertension productive age (25-54 tahun) at Kedungmundu to improve their health status by having themselves checked on more regular basis, particularly for their blood pressure. For the public health center to improve knowledge of the hypertension to the public. For the other researcher could find out another risk factors relate to the hypertension.

Library and information science education as ignition source for services in non-academic special libraries

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 350-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Soroya
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the number, difference and ratio of professionals and non-professionals heading toward non-academic special libraries (NASL). This study also explored the difference of provision of services based on educational qualifications. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative survey research method and questionnaire as a data collection tool was used to conduct the study. The questionnaire contained four educational levels against the 18 services variables. No list or directory being available, 71 special libraries were assured to be there in Lahore through snowball-sampling technique. Out of 71 questionnaires, 41 were returned and analyzed using Chi-Square test in Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Findings Findings indicated that 56 per cent of the libraries were headed by LIS professionals, while rest of 44 per cent of the libraries was headed by persons with no professional education. Chi-Square test’s p value indicated the significant difference in the orientation, reference service and document reservation service. The professionally qualified library managers were found better at providing librarians’ end services. Originality/value The present study is the first of its kind in Pakistan, which marked the vacant positions and indicated the differences of services based on level of education. It depicted the electronic, librarians end, and technical knowledge and multi-factor services and measured its variation on the educational grounds.

scholarly journals Candidates Personality and Voting Preferences in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (I) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Hassan Shah ◽  
Zahir Shah ◽  
Wajid Mehmood Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Important Determinant ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Personal Influence ◽  
Political Status ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Economic Preferences ◽  
Chi Square Test

This study tries to find out whether personality of a candidate affects the voters preferences in elections in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa or not? It is believed that like other socio-political and economic preferences, candidates personality is also an important determinant of voting behaviour in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This paper is an attempt to identify different indicators (Personal Influence, Socio-economic and Political Status in society) of personality vote in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study is based on empirical data collected from North, Centre and Southern geographical regions of the province through a multi-stage sampling technique. Chi-square test is used for the data analysis.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Demografi Terkait Komplikasi Pada Penderita Hipertensi di Kota Semarang

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annisa Putri Fatmasari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective and Background: The increase in the prevalence of hypertension shows that hypertension is a top priority for health problems, the higher the hypertension rate the higher the risk of complications. In 2020, Puskesmas Bandarharjo became the health facility with the highest number of hypertension cases, namely 12,692 with DM complications by 45%, complications from heart disease 30%, and stroke 25%. This study aims to determine the risk factors for the incidence of complications in hypertensive patients in the work area of the Bandarharjo Public Health Center, Semarang City. This study focuses on risk factors for demographic characteristics such as age, gender, heredity, and level of community knowledge of the incidence of complications. Methods: This research is analytic observational with a case-control approach design. This study used a purposive sampling technique with a sample size of 31 cases and 31 controls. Meanwhile, data analysis was carried out by univariate, bivariate using the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis with the help of SPPS version 24. The Results: showed that there was a relationship between age (p = 0.000), family history / descent (p = 0.005), education level (p = 0.011. There was no relationship between gender (p = 0.610). Conclusions: the need to increase health promotion in the context of controlling complications of hypertension patients in the Bandarharjo Community Health Center working area for the surrounding community.

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