1325Longitudinal epidemiology of MS in the Greater Hobart region, 1961 to 2019

Abstract Background The Greater Hobart region (42.3°S) of Tasmania has the highest frequencies of MS in Australia, this consistent across studies conducted over the last half century. However, the degree of excess compared to mainland sites like Newcastle (32.5°S) has declined over time. Methods Cases were recruited from clinic-based samples and other multiple other data sources. Prevalence date was 1 June 2019. 2019 prevalence and 2009-19 incidence and mortality rates were estimated. Prevalence and incidence and mortality rates were age/sex-standardised to the 1961 and 1954 Hobart populations, respectively, to allow longitudinal comparisons. Female:male prevalence and incidence sex-ratios were also assessed. Differences between timepoints were assessed using Poisson regression. Results 472 MS cases (female:71.4%) resident on prevalence day were identified, a crude prevalence=212.3/100,000 (155.8 age/sex-standardised), 57% increase vs 2009 and 388.0% vs 1961. The 2009-19 incidence rate=7.56/100,000 person-years (7.03 age/sex-standardised), 91% increase vs 2001-9 and 218.1% vs 1951-61. The 2009-19 mortality rate was 2.25/100,000 person-years (1.12 age/sex-standardised), comparable to 2001-9 (1.00). The age/sex-standardised prevalence-sex-ratio was 2.61, comparable to 2009 (2.65), but the incidence-sex-ratio was 2.68, 31% increase vs 2001-9 (2.05). Conclusions Prevalence and incidence continue to be high in Hobart, although the differences compared to lower-latitude Newcastle have attenuated significantly. Changes in lifestyle may underlie the deterioration of the latitudinal gradient of MS in Australia. Further investigation is required to define the factors that drive these associations. Key messages MS prevalence and incidence are still highest in Australia in southern Tasmania but the latitudinal variation is declining.

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Geographical and socioeconomic inequalities in female breast cancer incidence and mortality in Iran: A Bayesian spatial analysis of registry data

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248723 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0248723

Author(s):

Shadi Rahimzadeh ◽

Beata Burczynska ◽

Alireza Ahmadvand ◽

Ali Sheidaei ◽

Sara Khademioureh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Breast Cancer Mortality ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

National Level ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Over Time

Background In Iran, trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality have generally been monitored at national level. The purpose of this study is to examine province-level disparities in age-standardised breast cancer incidence versus mortality from 2000 to 2010 and their association with socioeconomic status. Methods In this study, data from Iran’s national cancer and death registry systems, and covariates from census and household expenditure surveys were used. We estimated the age-standardised incidence and mortality rates in women aged more than 30 years for all 31 provinces in the consecutive time intervals 2000–2003, 2004–2007 and 2008–2010 using a Bayesian spatial model. Results Mean age-standardised breast cancer incidence across provinces increased over time from 15.0 per 100,000 people (95% credible interval 12.0,18.3) in 2000–2003 to 39.6 (34.5,45.1) in 2008–2010. The mean breast cancer mortality rate declined from 10.9 (8.3,13.8) to 9.9 (7.5,12.5) deaths per 100,000 people in the same period. When grouped by wealth index quintiles, provinces in the highest quintile had higher levels of incidence and mortality. In the wealthiest quintile, reductions in mortality over time were larger than those observed among provinces in the poorest quintile. Relative breast cancer mortality decreased by 16.7% in the highest quintile compared to 10.8% in the lowest quintile. Conclusions Breast cancer incidence has increased over time, with lower incidence in the poorest provinces likely driven by underdiagnoses or late-stage diagnosis. Although the reported mortality rate is still higher in wealthier provinces, the larger decline over time in these provinces indicates a possible future reversal, with the most deprived provinces having higher mortality rates. Ongoing analysis of incidence and mortality at sub-national level is crucial in addressing inequalities in healthcare systems and public health both in Iran and elsewhere.

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Long-Term Exposure to Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rate in Chile during 2020

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7409

Author(s):

Macarena Valdés Salgado ◽

Pamela Smith ◽

Mariel Opazo ◽

Nicolás Huneeus

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Transport Model ◽

Surface Concentration ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Pm2.5 And Pm10

Background: Several countries have documented the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollutants and epidemiological indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as incidence and mortality. This study aims to explore the association between air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and PM10, and the incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 during 2020. Methods: The incidence and mortality rates were estimated using the COVID-19 cases and deaths from the Chilean Ministry of Science, and the population size was obtained from the Chilean Institute of Statistics. A chemistry transport model was used to estimate the annual mean surface concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in a period before the current pandemic. Negative binomial regressions were used to associate the epidemiological information with pollutant concentrations while considering demographic and social confounders. Results: For each microgram per cubic meter, the incidence rate increased by 1.3% regarding PM2.5 and 0.9% regarding PM10. There was no statistically significant relationship between the COVID-19 mortality rate and PM2.5 or PM10. Conclusions: The adjusted regression models showed that the COVID-19 incidence rate was significantly associated with chronic exposure to PM2.5 and PM10, even after adjusting for other variables.

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Global Liver Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates, the Role of Human Development Index

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology ◽

10.31557/apjcb.2016.1.3.51-54 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Mokhtar Soheylizad ◽

Kamyar Mansori ◽

Erfan Ayubi ◽

Ensiyeh Jenabi ◽

Yousef Veisani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Liver Cancer ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Life Expectancy At Birth ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Negative Effect

Introduction: Liver cancer (LC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide which have been a major public health challenge worldwide. This study aimed to identify the global effect of HDI in the incidence and mortality rates of liver LC. Material and Methods: Data about the incidence and mortality rate of LC for the year 2012 was obtained from the global cancer project for 172 countries. Data about the HDI and other indices were obtained for 169 countries from the United Nations Development Programme database in 2012. Linear regression models were used for assessment of the HDI effect on LC occurrence rates. Inequality in the age-specific incidence and mortality rates (ASR) of LC according to the HDI were assessed by using the concentration index.Results: Linear regression model showed that increasing of HDI had a negative effect on the increase in both incidence (B=-12.2, P=0.03) and mortality (B=-12.7, P=0.015) rates of LC. The mean of life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, GNI per capita, percent of urbanization, and age-standardized obesity had also a negative effect on increasing in both incidence and mortality rates.Conclusion: incidence and mortality rate of LC are significantly concentrated in regions with medium and low HDI. The negative relationship between LC incidence and mortality with HDI and its component can be considered as targets for prevention and treatment intervention or tracking geographic disparities.

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LUNG CANCER INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY IN THE KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS OKRUG – YUGRA

Siberian Journal of Oncology ◽

10.21294/1814-4861-2021-20-4-30-38 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 30-38

Author(s):

A. A. Mordovskii ◽

A. A. Aksarin ◽

A. M. Parsadanyan ◽

M. D. Ter-Ovanesov ◽

P. P. Troyan

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Lung Cancer Incidence ◽

Cross Correlation Analysis ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Khanty Mansi Autonomous

The aim of the study was to assess the lung cancer incidence and mortality in the Khanty-mansi autonomous okrug – Yugra during the period 1999–2019.Material and methods. We have studied the lung cancer incidence and mortality rates in Yugra over the last 21 years (1999–2019).Results. In Yugra, the lung cancer (lc) incidence rates increased by 24.7 % from 1999 to 2019, demonstrating higher rates than those in the Russian Federation (RF), where lc incidence rates decreased by 20.3 %. In 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate was 30.5 per 100,000 (22.7 for RF); the age-standardized mortality rate was 16.4 per 100,000 (18.4 for RF). The mortality rate from lc in Yugra was 9.6 times higher in males than in females (35.5 vs. 3.7 per 100,000). The cross-correlation analysis revealed a correlation between the lc incidence/mortality and air pollution in Yugra. The main carcinogens in Yugra were formaldehyde, phenol, nitrogen dioxide, and benzapyrene. The assessment of the relationship between the age-standardized lc incidence/mortality rates and the amount of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere revealed that their synergistic effects with tobacco smoking can double the risk of lung cancer development. The increase in the number of chest computed tomography (ct) scans performed in the context of the pandemic caused by covid-19 infection led to an 18 % increase in the number of incidentally detected pulmonary nodules, of which 9 % of cases were diagnosed as lc.Conclusion. The lc incidence rates in Yugra tended to increase. The high rate of lc incidence is caused by man-made and natural factors, which requires the implementation of a screening program with the use of low-dose computed tomography in order to improve the early detection and prevention of this disease.

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A study on transformation in infant mortality rates in India: mortality indicators as major tool for indicating status of nation’s health

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20200694 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 647

Author(s):

Chandramohan Reddy S. ◽

Dharna Reddy

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Population Change ◽

Principal Component ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Mortality is important to study population change in the country; infant mortality is considered as principal component balancing the child sex ratio. In this study authors aimed to analyze how mortality rates and child sex ratios are different in urban and rural areas and how its growth statistics are changing over years. Objectives of the study were to quantify infant mortality rates change over time and check the means among mortality indicators.Methods: The study was conducted using secondary data obtained from various issues and reports published by Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India for a period of 10 years from 2006 to 2016. The obtained data on mortality indicators were subjected to basic statistical analysis using percent change and paired t-test.Results: The Infant mortality rate which was reduced by 23 points indicating reduction of 67.65 percent control over a period from 2006 to 2016. Further, results show that, in case of urban mortality, there was significant difference between mortality indicators during study period, the p-value (0.011) was less than level of significance (0.05) so we reject the null hypothesis and it is concluded that there is significant difference between the means of urban mortality indicators over a period of from 2006 to 2016.Conclusions: The infant mortality rate frequently provided as a key indicator of overall the development. There is need for stable child sex ratio; health of children and women are essential for better growth and reaching stable child sex ratio for the ever increasing population.

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Epidemiology of Sepsis-associated Acute Kidney Injury in Beijing, China : a descriptive analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-136890/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Haiman Wang ◽

Xiaojun Ji ◽

Amanda Y Wang ◽

Patrick Wu ◽

Zhuang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Cost Of Care ◽

Beijing City ◽

Level Ii ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background Sepsis is the most common contributing factor towards development of acute kidney injury (AKI), which is strongly associated to poor prognostic outcomes. There are numerous epidemiological studies about sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI), however current literature is limited with the majority of studies being conducted only in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiology of S-AKI in all hospitalized in-patients.Methods This was a retrospective population-based study using a large regional population database in Beijing city from January, 2005 to December, 2017. It included patients with S-AKI. Patients with pre-existing end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), previous history of kidney transplantation, or being pregnant were excluded. Patients’ demographic characteristics, incidence, risk factors and outcomes of S-AKI were analyzed. The differences between different time periods, different levels of hospitals, and types of the hospitals (i.e. traditional Chinese medicine hospitals (TCMHs) and Western medicine hospitals (WMHs)) were also compared using Mann-Whitney U test.Results A total of 19,579 patients were included. The overall incidence of S-AKI in all in-patients was 48.1%. The risk factors for AKI included: age (P < 0.001), male (P < 0.001), treatment in a level-II hospital (P < 0.001) and so on. The overall mortality rate in this cohort was 55%. The risk factors for mortality included: age (P < 0.001), female (P < 0.001), pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) (P = 0.023) and so on. The incidence of S-AKI increased over time, but the mortality rate did not. Compared with level-II hospitals, the incidence of S-AKI was similar in tertiary hospitals, but the mortality rate was significantly higher.Although patients treated in TCMHs had a shorter hospital stay and a lower cost of care, this cohort had a higher mortality rate when compared with patients treated in WMHs.Conclusions AKI is a common complication in all hospitalized patients with sepsis, and its incidence increases over time, especially when ICU admission is required. Exploring interventional strategies to address modifiable risk factors will be important to reduce incidence and mortality of S-AKI.

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Ten Years of Experience with Invasive Aspergillosis: Has Anything Changed?.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v114.22.3687.3687 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 114 (22) ◽

pp. 3687-3687

Author(s):

Gloria Mattiuzzi ◽

Jorge Cortes ◽

Jennifer Ho ◽

Hagop M. Kantarjian

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Invasive Aspergillosis ◽

Hematologic Malignancies ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Myelogenous Leukemia ◽

Myelocytic Leukemia ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

The Moment

Abstract Abstract 3687 Poster Board III-623 Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) has represented a threat for patients and physicians for many years. This is especially true for patients with hematologic malignancies. Several new antifungal agents with broad antifungal activity became available in 2000 ushering in a new millennium with hopes that with this new armamentarium of antifungal drugs will decrease mortality due to IA and perhaps even prevent them better. Mortality rates due to IA have been described in recent reports as acceptable and even in some cancer centers significantly lower than before. The objective of the present study was to evaluate IA in patients with hematologic malignancies in the leukemia department at MDACC during the past 10 years (1998 to 2007) and compare the incidence and mortality rates between these two times periods. Methods retrospective review of all patients that presented at the leukemia department at MDACC from January 1998 to December 2007. Proven or probable IA was defined as per EORTC criteria. Results From 1998 to 2007, 12,845 patients were presented to our department, including 4,243 pts with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML); 940 with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL); 3,642 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); and 4,276 with other type of leukemia (chronic myelocytic leukemia, low risk-myelodysplastic syndrome and miscellaneous). Overall median age was 58 (range 17-83); 60% were male, 83% did not have history of diabetes mellitus; 71% were neutropenic (ANC < 500) at the moment of the infection; and 11% had a previous bone marrow transplantation. The overall incidence of IA has significantly decreased from 4 % to 2% over the 10 study years (p= 0.005, IRR=0.45), however, the overall mortality rate (60%) has not decreased significantly. Comparison between the incidence of IA and mortality in the different subsets of patients between 1998-1999 and 2000-2007 is shown in Table 1 The incidence of IA decreased significantly between the two time periods only in patients with AML and in patients with ALL (p<0.001 and 0.004, respectively). However, although there has been a reduction in the mortality rate in all the subsets of patients in the two periods, this difference is not significant. Overall, A. fumigatus was the pathogen more frequently isolated (30%), followed by A. flavus (21%), A. terreus (18%) and A. niger (11%). In 10% of the episodes more than one Aspergillus species was isolated. In conclusion, our data suggests that the incidence of IA in patients with leukemia traditionally at high risk for IA has significantly decreased since 2000. Despite the availability of new antifungal drugs for the treatment of IA, the mortality rate in patients with hematological malignancies has not significantly decreased. Disclosures: Mattiuzzi: Merck: Research Funding.

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Time Trends in Characteristics and Outcome of Twin Pregnancies

Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae twin research ◽

10.1017/s0001566000002622 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 181-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

L. Moreault ◽

S. Marcoux ◽

J. Fabia ◽

S. Tennina

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Preterm Births ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Fetal Mortality ◽

Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Twin Pregnancies ◽

Over Time

AbstractThis study describes the evolution in fetal and neonatal mortality rates among twin pairs born in 22 hospitals located in the eastern regions of the province of Quebec in 1976-1978 (n = 776 pairs) and 1982-1985 (n = 712 pairs). It also assesses the contribution of maternal factors, obstetrical care and characteristics of twins in the variation of the risk of death over time. The fetal mortality rate did not improve from 1976-1978 (22.6 per 1000) to 1982-1985 (28.1 per 1000). However, the neonatal mortality rate declined from 44.7 to 34.7 per 1000 liveborn first twins and from 56.8 to 36.1 per 1000 liveborn second twins. For first twins as for second twins, birthweight-specific neonatal mortality rates decreased within birth weight categories under 2500 g. In the second period, 96.9% of twin pregnancies were detected before confinement compared to 59.6% in the earlier period. The proportion of twins delivered by obstetricians, the percentage of twin births occurring in ultraspecialized perinatal units and the frequency of caesarean sections increased markedly. The proportion of preterm births increased over time (34.5% vs 43.1%) whereas the percentage of low birthweight twins decreased but not significantly (54.3% 51.6%). In this study, changes in maternal age, parity, educational level, sex of pairs, qualification of the physician, and level of care available at the hospital of birth, did not account for the decrease in neonatal mortality rates among twins. The increase in the frequency of caesarean sections seemed to explain only a small proportion of the decrease in the neonatal mortality rate among second twins. In the second as well as in the first period, the neonatal mortality rate for twins was six times higher than that for singletons.

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Assessing the trend of HIV/AIDS mortality rate in Asia and North Africa: an application of latent growth models

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268815001351 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 144 (3) ◽

pp. 548-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. ZAYERI ◽

E. TALEBI GHANE ◽

N. BORUMANDNIA

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

North Africa ◽

Growth Models ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Latent Growth ◽

African Countries ◽

Over Time ◽

Hiv Aids

SUMMARYOver the last 30 years, HIV/AIDS has emerged as a major global health challenge. This study evaluates the change of HIV/AIDS mortality rates in Asian and North African countries from 1990 to 2010 using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. HIV/AIDS mortality rates were derived from the GBD database from 1990 to 2010, for 52 countries in Asia and North Africa. First, a Latent Growth Model was employed to assess the change in AIDS mortality rate over time in six different regions of Asia, and also the change in AIDS mortality rate over time for males and females in Asia and North Africa. Finally, Latent Growth Mixture Models (LGMMs) were applied to identify distinct groups in which countries within each group have similar trends over time. Our results showed that increase in mortality rate over time for males is about three times greater than for females. The highest and lowest trend of AIDS mortality rates were observed in South-East Asia and high-income Asia-Pacific regions, respectively. The LGMM allocated most countries in the South and South-East region into two classes with the highest trend of AIDS mortality rates. Although the HIV/AIDS mortality rates are decreasing in some countries and clusters, the general trend in the Asian continent is upwards. Therefore, it is necessary to provide programmes to achieve the goal of access to HIV prevention measures, treatment, care, and support for high-risk groups, especially in countries with a higher trend of AIDS mortality rates.

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Changes in cancer incidence and mortality in Australia over the period 1996–2015

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-020-05395-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qingwei Luo ◽

Julia Steinberg ◽

Dianne L. O’Connell ◽

Paul B. Grogan ◽

Karen Canfell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Unknown Primary ◽

Australian Study ◽

Cancer Incidence Rate ◽

Cancer Rate ◽

Female Breast ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objective A previous Australian study compared the observed numbers of cancer cases and deaths in 2007 with the expected numbers based on 1987 rates. This study examines the impact of cancer rate changes over the 20-year period 1996–2015, for people aged under 75 years. Results The overall age-standardised cancer incidence rate increased from 350.7 in 1995 to 364.4 per 100,000 in 2015. Over the period 1996–2015, there were 29,226 (2.0%) more cases (males: 5940, 0.7%; females: 23,286, 3.7%) than expected numbers based on 1995 rates. Smaller numbers of cases were observed compared to those expected for cancers of the lung for males and colorectum, and cancers with unknown primary. Larger numbers of cases were observed compared to those expected for cancers of the prostate, thyroid and female breast. The overall age-standardised cancer mortality rate decreased from 125.6 in 1995 to 84.3 per 100,000 in 2015. During 1996 to 2015 there were 106,903 (− 20.6%) fewer cancer deaths (males: − 69,007, − 22.6%; females: − 37,896, − 17.9%) than expected based on the 1995 mortality rates. Smaller numbers of deaths were observed compared to those expected for cancers of the lung, colorectum and female breast, and more cancer deaths were observed for liver cancer.

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